Table 4 Core Concepts Listed by Frequency and Chapter Topic Chapter Topic and Concept INTRODUCTION (10 terms)

Psychology Behaviorism Functionalism Structuralism Evolutionary psychology Gestalt psychology Cognitive psychology Introspection Population Scientific method RESEARCH METHODS/ STATISTICS (29 terms) Dependent variable Independent variable Case study Experiment Control group Hypothesis Naturalistic observation Survey Theory Correlation coefficient Operational definition Experimental group Correlational research Random assignment Mean Normal distribution Double blind study Median Mode Sample Standard deviation Inferential statistics Placebo effect %a 97 94 85 85 82 82 70 55 52 52 Chapter Topic and Concept Placebo Range Descriptive statistics Informed consent Replication Variables PSYCHOBIOLOGY (65 terms) Axon Central nervous system (CNS) Cerebral cortex Dendrites Peripheral nervous system Synapse Thalamus Autonomic nervous system Gene Hypothalamus Neurons Neurotransmitters Sympathetic nervous system Action potential Cerebellum Hormone Limbic system Parasympathetic nervous system Homeostasis Chromosomes Corpus callosum Myelin sheath Pituitary gland Endocrine system Somatic nervous system Medulla Sensory neuron Cell body Frontal lobes %a 58 58 b 55 52 52 52 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 97 97 97 97 97 94 94 94 94 94 91 88 88 88 85 82 82 79 79 76 76

100 100 97 94 88 88 88 88 88 82 79 76 70 70 67 67 b 64 64 64 64 64 61 61

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept PSYCHOBIOLOGY (continued) Glial cells Positron emission tomography (PET) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Endorphins Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Occipital lobes Parietal lobes Temporal lobes Heritability Amygdala Hippocampus Interneurons Reticular formation Behavioral genetics Natural selection Pons Resting potential Basilar membrane Midbrain Motor neurons Receptors Association areas Eardrum Identical twins All or none law CT (computed tomography) scan Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Fraternal twins Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Genotype Hindbrain Phenotype Acetylcholine (Ach) Forebrain Motor cortex %a 76 76 73 73 73 73 73 73 70 67 67 67 67 64 64 64 64 61 61 61 61 58 58 58 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 52 52 52 Chapter Topic and Concept %a

Spinal cord 52 DEVELOPMENT (29 terms) Object permanence 94 Formal operational stage 91 Schemas 91 Accommodation (Piagetian) 88 Assimilation 88 Attachment 88 Concrete operational stage 88 Puberty 88 Critical period 85 Preoperational stage 85 Sensorimotor stage 85 Conservation 79 Egocentrism 70 Fetus 70 Embryo 67 Longitudinal study 67 Cross sectional study 64 Developmental psychology 64 Gender identity 64 Maturation 64 Zygote 64 Alzheimer's disease 58 Fetal alcohol syndrome 58 Menarche 58 Menopause 58 Gender 55 Imprinting 55 Teratogens 55 Adolescence 52 SENSATION/PERCEPTION (45 terms) Sensation 100 Absolute threshold 97 Retina 97 Cones 94 Difference threshold 94 Perception 94 Rods 94

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept SENSATION/ PERCEPTION (continued) Opponent process theory (color) Fovea Trichromatic theory Cochlea Perceptual constancy Monocular cues Pheromones Transduction Weber's law Binocular cues Place theory Retinal disparity Taste buds Pitch Bottom up processing Feature detector Gate control theory Psychophysics Sensory adaptation Signal detection theory Top down processing Accommodation (perceptual) Frequency theory Habituation Lens Optic nerve Pupil Vestibular sense Blind spot Dark adaptation Iris Olfaction Convergence Hue Shape constancy Size constancy Cornea %a Chapter Topic and Concept Subliminal perception STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS (19 terms) Circadian rhythms Hypnosis REM sleep Stimulants Consciousness Insomnia Psychoactive drugs Hallucinogens Narcolepsy Tolerance Depressants Latent content Manifest content Sleep apnea Opiate Activation synthesis hypothesis Meditation Physical dependence Biofeedback LEARNING (34 terms) Classical conditioning Conditioned response (CR) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Observational learning Operant conditioning Shaping Spontaneous recovery Stimulus discrimination Stimulus generalization Unconditioned response (UCR) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Learning Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Punishment Reinforcement %a 52

88 85 85 82 82 79 76 76 76 73 73 73 73 70 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 64 61 61 61 61 61 61 58 58 58 58 55 55 55 55 52

91 91 88 88 85 82 82 79 79 79 76 76 76 76 70 67 67 67 55 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 91 91 91 91

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept LEARNING (continued) Secondary reinforcers Extinction (classical conditioning) Learned helplessness Primary reinforcers Fixed ratio schedule Law of effect Variable interval schedule Variable ratio schedule Fixed interval schedule Partial reinforcement Aversion therapy Continuous reinforcement Extinction (operant conditioning) Latent learning Reflex Cognitive map Discriminative stimulus Schedule of Reinforcement MEMORY (32 terms) Long term memory (LTM) Working memory Semantic memory Episodic memory Chunking Implicit memory Proactive interference Retroactive interference Procedural memory Anterograde amnesia Encoding Explicit memory Retrograde amnesia Sensory memory Flashbulb memories Memory Mnemonic devices Retrieval Elaborative rehearsal %a 91 88 88 85 82 82 82 82 79 79 73 73 70 70 70 61 61 52 100 100 94 91 88 88 88 88 79 76 76 76 76 76 73 73 73 73 70 Chapter Topic and Concept %a

Storage 70 Serial position effect 67 Priming 64 Recognition 64 Declarative memory 61 Primacy effect 61 Amnesia 58 Long term potentiation (LTP) 58 Maintenance rehearsal 58 Recall 58 Decay theory 55 Encoding specificity principle 55 State dependent memory 52 THOUGHT/LANGUAGE (17 terms) Heuristic 100 Algorithms 91 Functional fixedness 88 Prototypes 88 Concept 85 Morpheme 82 Phoneme 82 Syntax 79 Insight (learning) 76 Availability heuristic 73 Mental set 73 Representativeness heuristic 73 Language 67 Semantics 67 Confirmation bias 61 Cognition 52 Telegraphic speech 52 INTELLIGENCE (16 terms) Reliability 97 Validity 97 Intelligence quotient (IQ) 91 Intelligence 88 Creativity 85 Crystallized intelligence 85 Fluid intelligence 82

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept %a Chapter Topic and Concept Collective unconscious Oedipus complex Self actualization Self efficacy Temperament Unconscious Psychodynamic theories Big five Archetypes Fixation (Freudian) Psychosexual stages Self concept Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Locus of control Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Projection Reciprocal determinism Rorschach Inkblot Test Anal stage Genital stage Oral stage Phallic stage Rationalization Displacement (defense mechanism) Latency stage Pleasure principle Reaction formation Reality principle STRESS/HEALTH (10 terms) Generalized anxiety disorder Stress General adaptation syndrome (GAS) Health psychology Type A behavior pattern Biopsychosocial model %a 82 82 82 79 79 79 70 67 64 64 64 64 64 58 58 58 58 58 55 55 55 55 55 52 52 52 52 52 97 97 91 82 82 73

INTELLIGENCE (continued) g factor 70 Standardization 64 Divergent thinking 61 Emotional intelligence 61 Factor analysis 61 Mental age 61 Mental retardation 58 Triarchic theory of intelligence 55 Norm (testing) 52 EMOTION/MOTIVATION (17 terms) Anorexia nervosa 97 Motivation 97 Bulimia nervosa 94 Emotion 94 Drive 79 Instinct 79 James Lange theory 76 Intrinsic motivation 70 Sexual orientation 70 Set point (weight) 67 Cannon Bard theory 61 Extrinsic motivation 58 Hierarchy of needs 58 Two factor theory of emotion 58 Incentive 55 Need for achievement 52 Polygraph 52 PERSONALITY (38 terms) Defense mechanism 100 Ego 100 Id 100 Projective test 100 Superego 100 Personality 97 Humanistic psychology 91 Trait 91 Transference 88 Repression 85

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept STRESS/HEALTH (continued) Social support Psychoneuroimmunology Stressors Type B behavior pattern DISORDERS (24 terms) Schizophrenia Dissociative identity disorder Personality disorders Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Panic disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Agoraphobia Bipolar disorder Phobia Antisocial personality disorder Dissociative disorders Delusions Hallucinations Major depressive disorder Mood disorders Anxiety disorders Mania Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Conversion disorder Somatoform disorders Specific phobia DSM-IV Hypochondriasis THERAPIES (18 terms) Psychoanalysis Systematic desensitization Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Cognitive therapy Client centered therapy %a 64 61 61 52 100 97 97 94 94 94 91 91 91 88 85 82 79 79 79 76 70 67 61 58 58 58 55 55 100 100 97 94 91 Chapter Topic and Concept %a

Free association 88 Behavior therapy 85 Psychotherapy 82 Antipsychotic drugs 79 Rational emotive behavior 76 therapy (REBT) Resistance 76 Unconditional positive regard 76 Family therapy 73 Psychosurgery 73 Group therapy 70 Meta analysis 70 Antidepressant drugs 67 Token economy 58 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (25 terms) Cognitive dissonance 100 Fundamental attribution error 97 Stereotype 97 Attitude 94 Diffusion of Responsibility 94 Social psychology 91 Conformity 88 Prejudice 88 Groupthink 76 Gender roles 73 Group polarization 70 Social phobia 70 Aggression 67 Discrimination (social behavior) 67 Self serving bias 67 Attribution 64 Deindividuation 64 Obedience 64 Social facilitation 64 Social loafing 64 Altruism 61 Facial feedback hypothesis 61 Self fulfilling prophecy 61

Table 4 (continued). Chapter Topic and Concept %a

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (continued) Social norms 61 Frustration aggression hypothesis 52

a b

Percentage of glossaries the term was found in out of 33 textbooks. Found more often in a Statistics Appendix than in the Research Methods/Statistics chapter.