Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Backhaul Architecture Discussions for Australia NBN Network

May, 2009

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page1, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Table of Contents
1 2 Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 2.2 2.3

3

Bandwidth demand in access network driving the Backhaul......................6 Network Architecture .....................................................................................8 Services Deployment .....................................................................................9

NBN Backhaul Architecture......................................................................................... 11

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4

NBN Backhaul Suggested Architecture ......................................................12

Backhaul Architecture vision ............................................................................ 14

3.1.2

Solution for Service Delivery .......................................................................15 Huaweis NBN backhaul solution advantage..............................................16 Huaweis NBN backbone solution advantage.............................................16

Considerations for Future Network Evolution........................................................... 18

4.1 4.2 4.3

5

Evolution to IPV6 ..........................................................................................18 Building a simplify the network ...................................................................18 Backbone needs IP + optical .......................................................................18

Suggestions................................................................................................................... 19

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page2, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Executive Summary

Huawei agrees with the vision of the Government to address the Metro and Regional/Rural Digital Divide and promote a more competitive environment through the use of: 1. 2. 3. Innovative technologies and solutions Worldwide experience in Fibre backbone and access architecture designs, suitable for the Australian Environment Standards driven approach

The following paper will attempt to highlight some of the issues which are required to be understood to ensure that the final architectural vision can be realized effectively and address the future needs of services. Huawei is keen to discuss more of the architectural considerations in this paper in more detail with your experts and share some of our Global experience.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page3, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Introduction

Australia is embarking on the development of a National Broadband Network(NBN) which will provide Fibre access to 90% of homes around the country, Wireless to 8% and the remaining 2% served by Satellite technologies. This strategy has been endorsed by all industry players, Service Providers and Vendors around the country. It must be noted that the Access Network has not been developed since the deployment of copper over the last century, and hence will need careful planning based on the end services that will be deployed on this network. There are several drivers to move from copper to fibre in the Access network these are: Reduced OPEX, fibre is a better technology than copper Increased performance Better throughput is achieved using fibre to the end user Increased revenue streams based on new applications delivered to the end user. Demand on Access bandwidth due to new applications and services being developed. Increased developments in fibre compared to copper technologies This paper will try and address some of the issues such as the ones identified above, that need to be considered when designing a Regional Backhaul for future services to be delivered. There are several key factors and architectural suggestions provided by Huawei within this paper, and due to the timeframe, Huawei has been unable to provide detailed design and costings for the suggested architectures. Huawei is however willing to participate in further discussions with the DBCDE departments in developing some of the models outlined in this paper. To be able to understand the implications and required Backhaul architectures we must understand the key factors which will affect the Backhaul. There are three key factors which are driving the revenues for the telecoms industry and which need to be taken into consideration in any architectural discussions, these are:

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page4, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Figure 1 Changes in Industry

1. 2. 3.

Quality of customer experience, Innovative business model, Reliable network architecture.

Quality of customer experience means that customers can be, 1.attracted by more content that is tailored to their requirements, 2. the need of more bandwidth to guarantee the requirements of these services. Future customers of the services model from a non-symmetrical to the symmetry operations of services development, such as HSI(High Speed Internet), VoD(Video on Demand) , non-symmetrical services ; video conference, on-line game and P2P service etc., symmetrical services. So customers are more and more concerned about the quality of services experience. Innovative business model includes the pricing and distributing mode of Multi-play services which is different from that of traditional Telecommunication services. It covers from business mode to network construction, then launch of strategic life-cycle operation management, and industrial experience and service innovation which partners can bring. Reliable network refers to a carrier-grade ALL IP FMC network fit for Multi-play services, which is able to guarantee QoS of Multi-play services as well as reduce Total Cost of Operation (TCO) to maximize the operators network value. These two key factors then flow to the next key factor which is a reliable and scalable architecture. The Regional Backhaul Ethernet Network (RBEN) is a necessary and very important part of the NBN. In order to satisfy the requirements such as 100Mbps per subscriber, e-health, e-school, e-training, e-community, e-Lab. and so on, the RBEN should be
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page5, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

featured with Ultra broadband, Open access, Customer quality of experience, High scalability, Safe service operation and Smooth evolution. Technically, DBCDEs wholesale services and commonwealth services can be mainly classified into HSI, Business VPN for SME & MNC, IPTV, Entertainment, VoIP, 2G & 3G Mobile Backhaul services, LTE & P2P/P4P services. In this proposal, HUAWEIs suggested architectures for the NBN RBEN is based on a Single Ethernet, Multy-Play service delivery architecture, which means, a single IP/MPLS Regional Backhaul Ethernet Network powered by a single platform provides FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) multi-play services under a single Network Management System. This solution is service, competition , TVO, migration & evolution, and experience oriented. The service delivery mode, scalability, reliability, QoS & QoE as well as OAM are given careful and detailed considerations in this solution.

2.1

Bandwidth demand in access network driving the Backhaul

Full Services Access Network (FSAN) has been the long term target of telecom industry from the mid to late 1990s. Telecom carriers expect one unified access network serving multiple types of subscribers: residential, business, wholesale and mobile backhaul. As for the residential subscriber, FSAN shall support multi-play of internet, voice, video, wireless backhaul. Traditionally carriers would deploy a separate network to deliver a service to the customer base. This has caused higher CAPEX and OPEX spends, but more importantly has created different connection models for each of the services delivered. The idea of the Unified Access network has been attempted many times however it has not been until the current environment that this Unified Access network has the possibility of being realized, this is due to the adoption of the transport protocol IP (Internet Protocol). The wide spread usage of IP in both the network provider to the en user devices has now provided the framework to enable a Full Access Services Network (FSAN). There are two basic laws in the industry of Information Technologies. Moore's Law says that computers power double in capabilities every 18 months: this corresponds to about 60% annual growth. Nielsen's Law is that high-end user's broadband connection speed grows by 50% per year. It is amazing how closely the empirical data at UK/France/Sweden/Spain/Poland/etc. from 1984 to 2008 fits the exponential growth curve for the 50% annualized growth stated by Nielsen's Law.
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page6, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

According to Nielsen's Law, we estimated that high-end user's broadband connection speed will be 100Mbps in 2015 and 1Gbps in 2020. From the viewpoint of mobile data communications, the expected per mobile cell site bandwidth requirement of the future LTE technology is more than 200Mbps in 2015. As for business access, 100Mbps would be the entry level requirement in 2015. However unlike the Access Architecture the Backhaul architecture is more understood but seldom architected correctly for large distances. The industry as a whole understands how to design and scale Metro and Long Haul transmission networks, however the design of Regional and Rural backhaul has always been a factor of economics. For the NBN to be truly national and offer ubiquitous access comparable for Regional and Rural customers as to their close cousins the Metro users, then the backhaul must now be re-designed with the end architecture in mind. It is clear from the industry that the following services will need to be catered for:

FMC Seamless Mobility

More !

Bandwidth

TV Photo

Mobile and Fix union bearer voice, video & data services

Video Comm

Triple Play bundle

VoIP

IPTV
(HDTV, VoD,BTV)

Enhanced Internet Services

2000

2005

today

Coming

Multi-services appear

Customer demand more broadband

network infrastructure is changing

Figure 2 Huaweis Future Services Vision

The Regional Backhaul Ethernet Network (RBEN) must be able to support all sorts of main stream access methods, which include ADSL / VDSL / GPON / WiMax / fiber, etc and the traditional circuit based environments such as 2G/3G wireless, Telephony, etc., to support more and more media enriched services, hence optical Backhaul technologies are required so that Access technologies such as GPON which will be the prime choice to deliver the last mile enabling enriched services.. The RBEN must have a view to support IP transport while still considering the support for traditional
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page7, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

TDM services provided by Mobiles and telephony. It must also provide differentiated QoS to ensure services such as VoIP, IPTV, internet services, etc. are supported. In a multi-service bearer network, high value services enjoy higher bandwidth and better QoS security while low value services have to compete for limited bandwidth and priority. In this way, we set up a fair network. Here you have to pay more to get more. Furthermore, this architecture is an open architecture. We know the key success reason of internet is open. And open will be key success factor in telecom too. In an open architecture, the carriers have free decision power. When planning a project, carrier can make the balance between the cost and performance up to the actual situation. The above points we mentioned are the key characters required to support a next generation ALL IP network architecture.

Figure 3 Huaweis NBN Network Architecture Framework

2.2

Network Architecture

There are four levels: network bearer layer/ resource control layer/service control layer/service application layer, included in the solution of Huaweis NBN. network bearer layer and resource control layer are all of levels of the main level. Network bearer layer Bearer network layer contains the access, metro, backbone network.however, Metro backhual plays an important role in the bearer network. It convergence of access networks, IP Core Network, and It as access network traffic aggregation, services unified bearer and services gateway, as well as connection IP Core netwok. In the access network, all kinds of services can be accessed, such as: Fix and mobile services, and it provider T-bit bandwidth, so it can satisfy for large bandwidth development needs. In the IP Core backbone network, it connect with internet network, and all of
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page8, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

services as export point. Due to IP Core backbone aggregate all of services, therefore, it need huge bandwidth to bear services. The cluster and LH WDM technologies can ease the large-capacity pressure. Resource control and service control layer This resource and control layer provides the open interface for upper layers service and application layers. So that all services and applications including IMS, web services, ICT etc. can get the guarantees for end to end service connection provided by the bearer network. This solution provider feature of three principles: Distributed Service Awareness, Centralized Policy Control, and Distributed Policy Enforcement. The service control layer is an E2E network management system, it is based on distributed software architecture, modularized component can realized fast deployment according to practical requirement. Service control layer need an open platform, so its management capability can realize expansion smoothly. 2.3 Services Deployment

The industry as a whole is very clear that the Service which will be delivered will be derived from the on-line and Media environment in the Medium and long term. The introduction of High Bandwidth Access to customers will provide the stepping stone for these services to be developed. The potential services which already have been deployed around the world in limited fashion are: IPTV Basic Services: BTV(Broadcast TV), TVOD(TV On Demand), VOD(Video On Demand), Favorite channel, Self-service(Channel control, Parent control, Billing, Switch skin). IPTV Value Added Services: Life Magazine, TV Shopping, TV Mail, TV Photo, Games world, Interactive Advertisement, Online education, Online guessing, video conferencing. Mobile TV: Movie Preview, now TV, Game, mBlog, Ringtone, Wallpaper. Advertising: internet Ad, Video Ad Wholesale: services wholesale, line wholesale VPN: L2 VPN, L3 VPN Mobile: 2G/3G, LTE Other service: VoIP,HSI(High Speed Internet) etc. Especially, video (TV, VoD, Internet, and P2P) will account for close to 90 percent of consumer traffic by 2012. Video will shift the topology of IP traffic. From 2009 to 2012, core IP traffic will quintuple, and Metro and Regional backhauls IP traffic will
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page9, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

increase by a factor of seven .Video and Ad will be the main future direction of services development. However there is another service vision which as yet due to the inherent nature of the Data Services of today, that is Asymmetrical rather than Symmetrical, has not penetrated lives of the consumer using a Fixed Access Network in the way it has in the Mobile Networks. Although this Asymmetrical Data Delivery is good for broadcast and streaming traffic, now more than ever we are seeing that Life Style interaction services are becoming popular, these services are the likes of Facebook, MySpace and Twitter to name a few. These new services will require more and more bandwidth on the upstream as the content is no longer in the Network but is in the Personal Space, this being right here and now content, in the home or on the move.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page10, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

NBN Backhaul Architecture

The NBN lays the telecommunication foundation for the NBN vision which will not only, enrich the life of the all Australians into the future and address the Metro Regional/Rural Digital Divide.
Millennium Development Goal 2, 4, 5, 6

e-School

e-Training

e-Life

e-Lab.

NBN Metro
Ultra broadband Open access Good experience High scalability Safe service
Wholesale Health Education Government & community services Emergency services

HiBIS

Surgery

e-clinician

e-Health

First aid

Pharmacy

e-X-ray

Figure 4 NBN Network for innovative broadband services delivery

NBN network needs to support wholesale services which can be mainly classified into HSI, Business VPN for SME & MNC, IPTV, Entertainment, VoIP, 2G & 3G Mobile Backhaul services, LTE & P2P/P4P services. With a lot of cutting-edge innovations & latest technologies, HUAWEI provides the huaweis NBN solution to bear the above mentioned services flexibly and cost-effectively, meanwhile, ensures the carrier-class quality of experience (QoE) and fast service rollout, facilitates the high return on investment (ROI). The Regional backhaul network is a necessary and very important part of the NBN. In order to satisfy the requirements such as 100Mbps per subscriber, e-health, e-school, e-training, e-community, e-Lab. and so on, the backhaul should be featured with Ultra broadband, Open access, Good quality of experience, High scalability, Safe service operation and Smooth evolution. HUAWEIs solution for the NBN metro backhaul is based on a Single Ethernet, Multi-Play service delivery architecture, which means, a single IP/MPLS Metro Ethernet Network powered by a single platform providing FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) multi-play services under a single Network Management System. This solution is service oriented, competition ability oriented, TVO oriented, migration &
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page11, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

evolution oriented, and experience oriented. The service delivery mode, scalability, reliability, QoS(Quality of Service) & QoE(Quality of Experience) as well as OAM are given careful and detailed considerations in this solution. 3.1 NBN Backhaul Suggested Architecture

Optical transmission architectures used in Metro networks are very well understood today, they have been build with availability and resiliency in mind and are typically defined as rings, outer Metro and Inner Metro as depicted below:

Figure 5 Metro Ethernet Network These have typically been built to support the Telephony network hence have been created around SDH technology. Over the last 5-7 years the requirements for these optical networks to support other than Telephony traffic has been low, major business has been the only user in more recent times with the introduction of Data Services such as Frame Relay and ATM. However as xDSL technologies have been more readily available for businesses, who are now using it to underpin their business activities the underlying Metro Network infrastructure is now being re-considered, as the traditional SDH is not as efficient and cost effective as Ethernet as a transport mechanism. Hence we are now seeing the deployment of Metro Optical Ethernet Networks which provide efficient transport for Data Services based on IP. This has been good for the Metro users residential and Business, however again the distance and economics have restricted these type of architectures being deployed for Regional and Rural customers. In light of the Australian NBN announcement, these architectures now need to be considered. Huawei sees the high level architecture of
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page12, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

the Regional and Rural Backhaul architecture can be delivered using a combination of LongHaul DWDM and Extended Reach GPON technology as depicted below, Effectively and Extension from Metro to Regional:

Extended Range GPON

GE/FE

GE/FE E1 E1

E1 E1

GE/FE

Regional LongHaul DWDM

GE/FE

Inner Metro DWDM

Outer Metro DWDM

Figure 6 - High Level Architecture It is important to note that the Quality of user Experience will be the driving factor for any service that will be delivered on the NBN network. Unless the QoE is architected correctly then the services which are attempted to be delivered to the customer cannot succeed as the past has shown the usability of PDA style cellular phones has not taken hold until the iPhone was released over the last few years. Hence in a digital on-line world the following QoE criterion must be met: 1. Service Availability and Reliability: in relation to media this is to ensure that no single point of failure exists for multiple customers. We know that it is not possible to provide a fully redundant network however we need to ensure that minimal customers are affected if the service is deteriorated. 2. Service Predictability: This to ensure that the user experience is consistent no matter the access technology used. 3. Quality of Service: To ensure that differentiated services can be delivered across the Network. 4. Future Proofing: To ensure that the network can support the new and innovative services moving into the next millennium.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page13, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

The architecture shown above provides this redundancy and scalability required for the current and future services that will be delivered in the Australian NBN. By utilizing LongHaul(LH) DWDM technology the issues with electrical regeneration due to signal loss are removed and a more cost effective optical amplifier can be implemented along the path between the end points DWDM technology is the most suitable and cost effective to utilize as today there are deployed networks of 40G DWDM over 80Lambda (ie/ 80 wavelengths for per fibre pair each with a capacity of 40G), which in effect provides a backhaul transmission of 3.2Tbit. This capacity in the near future will migrate towards 100G over 80Lambda (ie/ 80 wavelengths per fibre pair with each wavelength having a capacity of 100G) providing a total of 8Tbit of capacity all via a card upgrade. Along the path it is possible to deploy ROADM units in the major and minor cities to provide access for existing technologies such as mobile base stations and traditional telephony networks. 3.1.2 Backhaul Architecture vision

The final architecture vision should always be designed with the types of services that will be delivered, the most challenging of these services is broadcast style services. The user experience for these services has already been defined with broadcast TV over the last 50 or so years, hence to ensure this user experience the architecture of the Backhaul for Regional and Rural users must mirror that which will be used in to deliver these services in the metro cousins. Huawei suggests that a Regional Backhaul Ethernet Network provided by redundant fibre rings under pined by Long Haul DWDM technology. This provides redundancy for broadcast type services as well as scalability as more services are developed for the end user. Due to the complex nature of designing such a network with the limited time to respond to this paper, Huawei can give an example of what is possible as depicted below for Victoria.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page14, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Optical Fiber Optical Line Amplifier Reconfigurable Optical AddDrop Multiplexer

Figure 7 Victorian Example 3.2 Solution for Service Delivery

Flexible and high-quality FMC services delivery is always a critical issue of Metro network, especially for the type of NBN RBEN, which should bear multi-service, E2E service protection, QoS & QoE guarantee, service & user management, and last but not least, service & network security. Each type of service is clearly defined and supported with differentiated QoS and protection. This chapter will provide a detailed service implementation process for each and every service that will be deployed on the NBN RBEN. Technically, DBCDEs wholesale services and common wealth services can be mainly classified into HSI, Business VPN for SME & MNC, IPTV(BTV, VOD, etc.), Entertainment, VoIP and 2G & 3G Mobile Backhaul services. These services are proposed to be implemented in the following modes respectively.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page15, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Figure 8 Service Delivery

3.3

Huaweis NBN backhaul solution advantage

HUAWEIs NBN backhaul solution is designed to address the new requirements on the RBEN by providing the following features. FMC-oriented Fixed/Mobile unified transport : supporting multi access type, mobile clock synchronization, and support IPv4 and IPv6 smooth migrate. E2E reliability (equipment level, network lvel, sevice level). Hybrid Transport(L2-based transport" and "L3-based switching), Transport on Demand, Reduction TCO. Enhance QOE guarantee Quality of Experience [QoE] to both business and residential customers. Easy management and operation, rapid deployment, fast location of IP network failures are key elements to reduce network OPEX.

3.4

Huaweis NBN backbone solution advantage IP layer + optical layer," combine programming can reduce the cost of the entire network. Through the IP layer and optical layer of the unified control of resources, Optical layer equipment costs and power consumption lower than the pure IP layer device 2 / 3. LH WDM is first-in-the-industry T-bit switched system, Leading T-bit transport times; support optical and electrical hybrid switch(maximum of 9x3.2T cross-connection capacity); support powerful transmission capacity, (40Gbit/s can be transmitted over 1500 kilometers without electrical regenerationand 10Gbit/s can be transmitted over 5000 kilometers without electrical regeneration.)

Huawei will be the basis of their optical networks and IP in the 20 years of experience in the field. The use of industry-leading IP Router + OTN / WDM integration
2009-05-12 HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence Page16, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

program involving the backbone of future-oriented network. In Backbone network we can provide industry-leading clustering Router, the industry's first of Tbit OTN switched DWDM, as well as transmission lines 40G/100G technology, fully meet the NBN network for the next 10 years the evolution of the services and bandwidth development needs.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page17, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Considerations for Future Network Evolution

4.1 Evolution to IPV6

According to APNICs analysis, IPV4 addresses will be exhausted in 2012. Although there has been some hesitation and wait-and-see attitude in the industry after IPV6 came into being, IPV6 deployments have increased in numbers since the onset of 2008. In order to occupy a good position within furious business competition, so huawei recommends NBN Network need to seriously consider evolving IPV6. 4.2 Building a simplify the network

With the development of chip technology, the router is becoming more and more a high-performance device. As technology advances, the router will no longer be just a networking box limited to ordinary route learning and forwarding functions. More and more functions will be integrated into the router and of course the demand is for the router to have more powerful multi-processing capacity. Having such powerful routers in the network makes the network topology more flat and simple. At the same time, it can considerably reduce the operators overall TCO, which is a very important reason behind the high interest and enthusiasm for the business-aware router. 4.3 Backbone needs IP + optical

Core routers in the backbone network traffic to reach 10Tb / s, if relying on the IP packet forwarding plane, equipment cost and high power consumption will be increased higher. With the PtP(Point to Point) to DWDM equipment gradually migrates to OTN-based architecture capable of Tb/s traffic switching at the wavelength or OTU1/2 level, through the OTN level scheduling to ease the pressure on IP forwarding plane to provide network efficiency, reduce system complexity and power consumption

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page18, Total19

Backhaul White Paper

Security Level: Commercial-In-Confidence

Suggestions

As it is unclear how the Regional Backhaul black spots upgrade program will be reflected within the Australian NBN in the future, Huawei suggests that the Government look towards a consortium to build, operate and manage the Regional Backhaul network until the NBN company has decided on the actual Open Wholesale model that will be adopted. Prior to any tender process or further development of the Backhaul network, Huawei suggests the DBCDE agree on an architecture that will provide the necessary requirements today and migrate towards the future. With this in Mind, Huawei believes that there are two tenders that should be released once the architecture has been decided: 1. The first of these tenders is to go to market for the purchase of existing fibre. This will provide an understanding of the gaps that will be required for a full architecture to support the services in the future. It will also provide a view on the accessible fibre. 2. The second of these tenders is for the equipment supplier. It is important to note that it is not necessary for the equipment provider to be bundled into the fibre acquisition as there is no direct correlation between the fibre and the equipment manufacturer. It is important however to ensure that the equipment is scalable and as best as possible future proof.

2009-05-12

HUAWEI Commercial-In-Confidence

Page19, Total19