RIPv1 ==== RIP history -GWINFO by Xerox -routed by Berkeley -RFC 1058 -RIPv2 in 1994 -RIPng in 1997 ====

RIP Characteristics Distance vector routing protocol Uses hop count as metric Hop counts cannot greater than 15 Updates every 30 seconds ==== Encapsulated RIPv1 message includes: Data link frame header (MAC addresses of sender and destination) IP package header (Source IP address, Destination IP = Broadcast 255.255.255.255 , Protocol = 17 for UDP) UDP segment header (Source port and destination port are both 520) RIP message (Command = 1 for request or 2 for reply, version = 1, Address famil y identifier =2 for IP, multiple route entries, up to 25) ==== RIP request/response process 1. Each RIP interface sends out a request message on startup, requesting al l RIP neighbors send their complete routing tables. 2. A response message is sent back by RIP neighbors. 3. The requesting router evaluates route entry upon receiving the responses . 4. The startup router pdates its route table, sends a triggered update to all RIP interfaces. ==== Limitation of RIPv1 RIPv1 cannot be discontiguous nor can they implement VLSM. ==== Administrative distance of RIPv1 = 120 Administrative distance can be checked by below 2 commands: #show ip route #show ip protocols ==== Command to enable RIP R1(config)#router rip R1(config-router)#network directly-connected-classful- network-address Command to delete rip settings R1(config)#no router rip If you enter a subnet address, the IOS automatically converts it to a classful n etwork address. For example, if you enter the command network 192.168.1.32, the

router will convert it to network 192.168.1.0. On assessment and certification exams, entering a subnet address instead of the classful network address in a network command is considered an incorrect answer. ==== The following two rules govern RIPv1 updates: 1. If a routing update and the interface on which it is received belong to the same major network, the subnet mask of the interface is applied to the netwo rk in the routing update. 2. If a routing update and the interface on which it is received belong to different major networks, the classful subnet mask of the network is applied to the network in the routing update. ==== Command to verify RIP: #debug ip rip #undebug all or #no debug ip rip ==== Stop unnecessary RIP updates Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number ==== Advantage of RIP automatic summarization -Less bandwidth -Faster routing table lookup Disadvantage Do not support for discontiguous networks. ==== Adding Internet Access to the Topology: 5.5.1 In today's networks, customers do not necessarily have to exchange routing updat es with their ISP. Customer routers that connect to an ISP do not need a listing for every route on the Internet. Instead, these routers have a default route th at sends all traffic to the ISP router when the customer router does not have a route to a destination. The ISP configures a static route pointing to the custom er router for addresses inside the customer's network. Router that connects to internet ISP (R3) does not exchange RIP updates with its neighboring router(R2), instead: -R2 uses a default route to R3 -R3 uses a summary static route to reach R1 Command on R2 to setup default route to R3 R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#no network 192.168.4.0 R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0/1 Command on R3 to setup static route to R2 R3(config)#no route rip R3(config)#ip route 172.30.0.0 255.255.252.0

Propagating default route in RIPv1 Specify R2 is to originate default information. R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#default-information originate Verify with #show ip route = R*