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5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
Measuring Strain
in voltage amplified by op
amp circuit
http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/mechanical-testing/images/strain-gauge-full.jpg http://www.sensorland.com/Images/HowPic44-Strain%20Gauge.gif
Amplification
Goal: amplification = increase a signal attenuation = decrease a signal buffer = keep the signal the same
voltage
A
time
voltage voltage
input port
output port
B
time
time
amplifier
voltage
C
time
=
vo is limited:
cannot go above V+ or below VA = 10,000, V+ = 20 V, V- = -20 V Plot vo vs. vp vn for 0 mV, 1 mV, 2 mV, 3 mV, -1 mV, -2 mV, -3 mV
vp - vn
vo
Operational Amplifiers
Good for amplification! Ideal op amp model (simple)
zero input current input voltages are the same
What is similar about all the circuits? Match the name to the schematic.
Op Amp Schematic
Don't freak out!
Terminal Names
Match terminal names to the symbol and to the package: inverting input (pin 2) noninverting input (pin 3) positive power supply (pin 7) negative power supply (pin 4) output (pin 6)
8 7 6 5
pin 1
pin 1
http://s3.amazonaws.com/magoo/ABAAAA7awAC-1.png http://www.mindkits.co.nz/images/products/sparkfun/09456-01-435.jpg http://www.gooddealchina.com/upimage/images/2011012276839905.JPG
1 2 3 4
8
Microphotograph, 1970s
100 mm
http://www.kuhmann.com/Kuhmann/MS48%204%20quads%20of%20a%204136-4202-4212%20Op%20Amp.jpg 9
5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
10
C. output current
D. negative supply current E. noninverting input voltage
F. output voltage
G. positive supply voltage H. current into the inverting input
A=
ip = in = 0 A
12
vo
limited by V+ and V determined by resistors in the
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5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
14
Inverting Amplifier 1
Resistor between output and the
16
Inverting Amplifier 2
va = 1 V A. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) B. Write KCL at inverting and noninverting input nodes C. Solve for current through feedback resistor D. Solve for voltage across feedback resistor (Ohm's Law) E. Solve for output voltage (KVL) F. 2 kW resistor is connected between the output and ground. Solve for output current (KCL)
va 16 kW i16 i80 80 kW 10 V
+
-15 V
+ vo -
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Inverting Amplifier 3
i80 80 kW 10 V
A. What is the gain, A? B. What is vo for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? C. What is i16 for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? D. What is i80 for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? E. Specify the range of va to avoid amplifier saturation.
va 16 kW i16
+
-15 V
+ vo -
= =
18
vp
A. What is vp?
Inverting Amplifier 4
B. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) C. Write KCL at input nodes D. Find the current and voltage of feedback resistor E. Find the output voltage F. 2 kW resistor is connected between the output and ground. Solve for the output current.
vp
19
What is vo if
vs = -0.2 V Rf = 30 kW
Rs = 5 kW?
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5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
21
Summing-Amplifier Example 1
Find vo and io if va = 2 V, vb = 0.5 V, vc = -1 V, Rf = 20 kW
and Ra = Rb = Rc = 10 kW.
A. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) B. Write KCL at input nodes
http://www.ecircuitcenter.com/circuits/opsum/opsum.htm 23
Summing-Amplifier Example 2
Find vo and io.
24
= + +
25
5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
26
Amplifier Comparison
Match name, schematic, and
vo
vp - vn
vo
27
28
29
30
+ =
or
= +
Voltage Follower
1V
2V 0V
-1 V
-2 V B. Describe the operation of
this circuit.
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5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier
33
Tricky Inputs
A. Find vp if vb = 2 V.
vp
B. Find vp if vb = 2 V.
vp
vp
C. Find vp.
0.1 mA 10 kW
34
35
then
=
Summary
General strategy to solve op amp circuits: 1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) 2. Write KCL at inverting and noninverting inputs nodes 3. Generally, solve for current through feedback resistor 4. Solve for voltage across feedback resistor (Ohm's Law)
37