SCAMPIS Learning Notes

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1 SCAMPIS Learning Notes
Cecilia Ruberto
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Content
Why the Learning Notes? ................................................................................................................ 5
Introduction to the articles ................................................................................................................ 6

1. Strengthening women and youth through improved nutrition, health and hygiene in
Guatemala ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Strategy adaptation of the project: introducing micro-irrigation systems in school gardens
in Guatemala ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2. 3. 4. 5. Scaling up integrated strategies for micro-irrigation through coffee producers ...................... 30 The first experience lasts forever: Bijaya Kumar experience as Scampis promoter.............. 38 Role of promotion strategy for introducing the MIS innovation .............................................. 43 Scaling up of micro-irrigation systems Integrating MIS in Indian National Programme for
Livelihood improvement: complexity and opportunities.................................................................. 54 6. 7. 8. 9. Micro-enterprise for MIS the born and the consolidation of Innovagri................................ 62 Breaking the small farmers vicious cycle of debts through micro-irrigation systems .............. 67 Scaling up micro-irrigation systems in Madagascar: opportunities and constraints ................ 72 Measuring the Scampis project change dimension .................................................................. 78
Guatemala Story ............................................................................................................................... 85 India Story ......................................................................................................................................... 90
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About the Seminar Micro-irrigation for food security: the untold stories of forgotten
stakeholders
Untold stories of forgotten stakeholders and project implementers from India, Guatemala and Madagascar will highlight the importance of dimension change in pro poor development through the introduction of micro-irrigation systems (MIS). MIS are effective tools for addressing rural poverty and improving the lives of smallholder farmers. The Scampis project (2009-2012) has changed the lives of 30.000 vulnerable farmers which have adopted low-cost, user-friendly MIS technologies. This innovative technology has seen farmers embrace other strategies such as organic fertilization, natural pesticides, appropriate agricultural practices (longer growing seasons, lower application of agro-chemicals and (re)introducing native species and different crops)and changed knowledge and behaviour on nutrition and health. Women and youth have formed strong livelihood groups to explore the manifold impacts. Scampis put in motion an holistic development chain from the manufacturer through the retailer shop to the farmer and sales of exceeds in local markets. Sustainability is a matter of affordability of choicehence use of subsidies, accessibility of extension and rural finance services, as well as availability of marketing linkages. Together with policy dialogue they lead to scaling-up in the 3 countries.
Scampis Website: http://www.ifad.org/english/water/scampis
Special thankS
Cooperninc; IFAD; All Scampis staff; IFAD Countries offices; friends and families that have constantly supported us.
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Why the Learning Notes?

August, 2012 The Scampis project has been a very special project. What made the experience so special has been the incredible dynamic attitude of all the people involved, the staff and the same beneficiaries. The project piloted innovative strategies to introduce micro-irrigation systems (MIS) in India, Guatemala and Madagascar. In this 3 countries, organizations that for various reasons get in contact with the project showed interest for it and developed their own strategies to integrate MIS in their activities. Among the various project achievements, the learning has been very important. The learning happened constantly at the field level, at the organizational and at the crosscountries/international level. This publication wants to collect some informal contribution of actors that have been key in the project development. Clearly there are many more people that play a central role in this story, we hope that photos and future learning notes will give them voice & justice.
Dear reader,
go through this publication with the spirit of a story reader, with more
curiosity than scientific expectations, be aware that our objective is to share experiences and let raise questions to reinforce a continuous learning process and to facilitate direct
The Scampis Learning Notes is an informal collection of home-made-working-papers & stories about real life experiences. This experiences and much more will be shared during the World Water Week seminar: Micro-irrigation for food security: the untold stories of forgotten stakeholders.
Enjoy your reading!
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interactions with our authors.
Introduction to the articles

Now, more than before, we can say that the micro-irrigation technology is an extremely powerful tool for improving livelihood condition in rural areas, especially if appropriately linked to integrated strategies for rural development. The micro-irrigation can offer satisfying results in relative short time (Measuring the Scampis project change dimension, Cecilia Ruberto). During the last 3 years of the Scampis project implementation different strategies have been developed and many challenges faced, this Learning Notes wants to give insights on some aspects that should be kept in consideration when we think using micro-irrigation in our strategies. The learning and the social dimension are important aspects ( Strengthening women and youth through the correct nutrition, health and hygiene in Guatemala, Magal vila; Strategy adaptation of the Scampis Project through School Gardens in Guatemala, Santiago Girn) as well as the technical and market dimension (Development of local manufacturing chain for micro-irrigation technologies: born and the consolidation of the microenterprise Innovagri, Randriambelo Lova; Role Of Promotion Strategy For Introducing The MIS Innovation, Tapan Kumar Pattanayak ). When an innovation is introduced, sufficient time should be allocated to consolidate the cultural, habits and to perceive economical and environmental improvements, for this reason the scaling up of MIS into larger programmes
Madagascar : opportunities and challenges, Christin Ramaroson; Integrating micro-irrigation into the National Programme for Livelihood improvement in India : opportunities and challenges, Susanta Nanda; Overall scaling up of integrated strategies for micro-irrigation and scaling up with coffee producers, Mynor Maldonado). Finally, to develop effective and efficient strategy, nothing is more important than listen at real experience of field staff and beneficiaries (My experience as Scampis promoter, Bijaya Kumar Rout; Breaking the small farmers vicious cycle of debts through micro-irrigation systems, Fenomanantsoa Andriamanalina, Most Significant change stories from Guatemala and India). All the articles are home-made working papers pulled together in this informal publication to immortalize important experiences, feelings and to create opportunities for further discussions.
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for livelihood enhancement is very important (Scaling up of micro-irrigation systems in
The Scampis Project

Scaling up micro irrigation in India, Guatemala and Madagascar
Country Impleme nting NGO
India IDE-I (International Development Enterprises India)
Guatemala Funcaf (Fundacin de la Caficultura para el Desarrollo Rural)
Madagascar AVSF (Agronomes et Vtrinaires Sans Frontires)
Benefici aries
10.000 beneficiaries expected by the end of the project 15.107 households achieved among them 9.108 use natural fertilization Developed equipment markets where none previously existed in Koraput and Gajapati districts,Orissa region Worked with self-help, village based micro-finance group of 1030 women Implemented promotional strategy from district to village level Collaborated with regional rural development programmes: Orissa Tribal Empowerment and Livelihood Programme and Integrated Tribal Development Agency Locally produced 100 m2 and 20 m2 MIS: farmers find it extremely easy to use and to maintain Surface treadle pump to lift water from a stream or well: farmers are less dependent on rainfed farming Natural fertilizers (vermiwash and vermicompost) maintain soil fertility and increase production Introduced natural pesticides to reduce crop losses at little cost
10.000 beneficiaries expected by the end of the project 13715 households achieved and 128 school gardens established Developed new school gardens using MIS and natural fertilizers Worked through groups of farmers and coffee producer cooperatives Complemented micro-irrigation practice with capacity building in nutrition (nutritious recipes and more diet diversity), health and hygiene Connected local retailers to national providers of low-cost micro-irrigation technologies
10.000 beneficiaries expected by the end of the project 4670 beneficiaries directly achieved; 4618 with partners Developed equipment markets: from manufacturing to distribution and promotion at village level Proposed client-specific subsidies policy Created new job opportunities in manufacturing, promotion and profitable farming Worked with groups of farmers, independent farmers and agrocooperatives Brought together a wide range of stakeholders and clients to ensure sustainability Linked to a number of projects to scale up micro-irrigation (Capfida; PPRR; EU; AROPA; FAFAFI; PROSPERER; AD2M) Adapted design and local manufacturing of 100 m2 and 50 m2 MIS Designed and locally manufactured pedal pumps using recycled plastic material (registered innovation) Built capacity for sustainable extension services in intensive cultivation, crop diversification and synergies between crops
Strategic innovations
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Downsized the commercially available 600 m2 MIS to 100 m2 and 50 m2 MIS for vulnerable smallholders Introduced natural fertilizers (vermiwash and vermicompost) to maintain soil fertility and increase production Introduced natural pesticides to reduce crop losses at little cost Provided filters for drinking water to ensure water quality Introduced practices for intensive cultivation, crop diversification and synergies between crops
Technical innovations Introduced
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Strengthening women and youth through improved nutrition, health and hygiene in Guatemala
Magal vila, Nutrition & Health Technician, Funcaf, Guatemala. Mail: choscomagali@gmail.com
Summary The working experience with SCAMPIS Guatemala from 2010 to 2012 has been a learning process, carried out with families, women and youth. The methodology that was used was learning by doing; the micro-irrigation system (MIS) has been a tool to show how to produce and prepare their own food, in a more nutritious way and low costs compared to what they were used to do before the arrival of Scampis in that rural area: the east side of Guatemala, covering 6 regions and 12 municipalities.
Funcaf has within its strategic plan to continue working on three main areas: Education, Health and Feeding and Nutritional Security; this work shares the United Nations millennium development goals. In the Education area identified the objective to contribute with the raising of competitions in order to have a productive and competitive life, the actions were considered from pre-school, elementary school, middle school, and high school, applying innovating methodologies, with efficacy and efficiency, relevance and pertinence. In the Health area it was worked with prevention and protection levels; recovery to improve
In Feeding and Nutritional Security the goal was of the nutritional

In 1981 the Government created instances of the InterAmerican Women Commission-National Women Office (ONAM) in August 1982 it was ratified by the Convention of the United Nations the elimination of all discrimination ways against women. All the plans, programs and projects were developed in order to contribute to the strengthening of women and youth and as consequence improve the future of the families of the rural area of the east side of Guatemala.
improvement
conditions of people in the rural area, there were set out actions to improve: availability, access, consumption and use of biological food.
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health conditions in order to have a pleasant and extended life.
Women and Youth in Guatemala

According to the 5
th
National Enquiry on Maternal-Enfant Health women with higher fertility are
the ones who are part of the groups of ages from 15 and 19 years old and 45 to 49 years old, although fertility is higher in women from the rural area. In the same enquiry it is noticed that fertility increases when women have less education. The difference in the fertility observed in the enquiry and the one wished by women is always higher in women from the rural area, in those who belong to an indigenous group and also in those who belong to a lower level of education. Women in fertility age who do not wish to procreate are still exposed to the risk of being pregnant because they do not have a family planning method, reproductive guidance and also due to cultural aspects and low education.
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Historically women in our Guatemala have been unlucky, mainly, women from the rural area and especially indigenous women. Male chauvinism, lack of education and the few participation spaces set them in a disadvantage place. In 1981 the Government created instances of the InterAmerican Women Commission-National Office of Women (ONAM) and in August 1982 was ratified by the United Nations Convention on the elimination of all of discrimination ways against women. Through presidential programs and different departments, the Guatemalan Government also began with a series of programs designated to women. International Organisms have appeared to alleviate the poor and marginal condition in both areas for women and their families. The process which ended with the signature of the Peace Agreement allowed the creation of spaces for social and political participation by the Guatemalan Government in the compliance of the agreements, pacts and conventions have been signed and/or ratified in order to respect women human rights.
The hired working team for the execution of tasks in the field get in contact and met the different institutions and authorities present in the areas where they would have worked to introduce themselves and the project. It began by making a diagnosis of the communities based on health, education and feeding and nutritional security. With this information FUNCAFE diagnosed the different needs that women and youth had in the area covered by SCAMPIS.
The project was presented at the town level in the meetings with the City Hall Development Council (COMUDE), Municipal Commission of Feeding and Nutritional Security (COMUSAN) and
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How did SCAMPIS execution began?
Communitarian Development Council (COCODE). This allowed having the support from the community leaders in the identification process of the priority groups and community organization.
Considering the participation statistics of women in Guatemala we decided to be part of the daily living of the families for the strengthening of women and youngsters in the working process with SCAMPIS.
The organization was a fundamental part of the objective achievements; women were part of these strengths for being housewives, mothers of children and also for being the ones who spend more time with them, for this reason it was considered to include women in the user groups of SCAMPIS Project. Most women were the ones who at the moment of learning about SCAMPIS Project showed more interest in participating to learn and improve their living conditions.
When FUNCAFE arrived at the communities did not find community organization, there was a low credibility on governmental projects. This situation represented an initial challenge for the introduction of SCAMPIS and it took a while to introduce the practices and approaching strategies that were going to be implemented in a community level, this made also more difficult that the technical team earned the confidence of community members.
By looking at the interest that women showed, it was considered that it was going to be possible to have better achievements working with this age group, it was then organized five women or
Another point of view that was considered was that the land in which they were going to work had to be close to the homes so the vegetables were close to the homes too and they could control in a better way the team in which they were assigned.
Another requirement was that the families had a 100 square meters land. Each group was organized and each group representative was the owner of the land. The groups signed a commitment letter with their 4 family participants. This was done in order to take the commitment of working and also to use in proper way the micro irrigation system equipment that
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five men but each of them represented a family and they were organized by similarity.
was given to them as initial capital. Additionally to this the families were committed to give the proper maintenance and correct use to the micro irrigation system and also to participate in the educational and technical sessions.
This action allowed consolidating the organization in family, neighbor and community level which is so needed in rural areas, because the Communitarian Development Council (COCODE) does not have a wide knowledge of its functions due to the same level of education and lack of training in its functions. Having the support of COCODE allowed to have bigger capacity of announcement and inclusion of the project within the communitarian activities.
The micro irrigation system SMR- came as a tool that was introduced in working experiences. It was proceed to the implementation of family horticulture with the support of irrigation technology, identifying that team work made easier the practices and cultural tasks in the horticulture land and also made easier the initial tasks of preparation of the land. While the crops were growing, women actively participated in the trainings that the educators in health and nutrition gave to them in subjects such as feeding and nutritional security, hygiene and sexual and reproductive health.
These subjects were given in order according to the sequence of the work that the communities carried out such as: hygiene, cleaning and self-esteem.
Why did it begin with these subjects?
the training process was limited. Being aware of this reality the educators of the project began to use participating methodologies and even to improve self-esteem, and also increased their leadership and strengthening. These educational talks achieved increase in the participation and acceptance of the project.
Why is it important to train about Self-Esteem? In Guatemala there exists a war history, 36 years of intern armed conflict caused deep structural poverty, discrimination and violence which mostly affected women, children and indigenous towns.
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Many of the participating women were historically abused and the opportunity to participate in
This is the reason why we find some cases where women have never even experienced how to color a drawing, look at themselves in the mirror, jump to catch a balloon, such small things but before the project they did not have the opportunity to do so. These practices of improving their self-esteem widely contributed with the disposition of women toward more sensible social subjects to be discussed and which also approached real life situations within the homes, also in communities where talking about sexual and reproductive health is still a taboo, self-esteem subjects and leadership were also essential.
Culturally speaking families have grown in a vicious circle of poverty and for them life is still the same with or without opportunities, because for their way of thinking, there is no difference in having or not opportunities to have a better life. There exists a high level of conformism toward poverty derived from low self-esteem that years of limitation have marked. These families live with a lot of conformism, because probably to the majority of them maybe during their childhood had to face malnutrition problems and now being adults it is difficult for them to learn and understand what they need to change in this poverty circle.
When it was the time to train on subjects like cleaning and hygiene; it was done with due care in order not to hurt them, mainly with women in the Chort area who belong to families with limited resources, because they live in poverty situation and extreme poverty. The workshops were given with the correct context tools, lifestyle and available resources in the communities.
When we were teaching them how to wash their hands properly and also how to maintain daily personal hygiene conditions, at their homes and with their food they felt it was a little hard to achieve in the beginning. During the process there were observed meaningful changes that they began to achieve for example: cleaning their homes everyday, recognizing that they need better areas to prepare their food, introducing bags, cardboard boxes or any other thing to put the trash, not only in their homes but also in their community stores; it was also showed to them that it is important to recognize that hygiene is part of the health of all the members in the family and in the community, among others.
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To educate women through trainings while they were harvesting their food became very important to them, because while they were waiting for the harvest to be ready to learn how to prepare new recipes with the food, it was also taught to them subjects like the importance of horticulture production and fruit in order to improve family feeding. These were the subjects given during the training process:
Feeding and Nutritional Security Hygiene and Cleaning Nutritional Food Content Family Diet Diversification Nutritious Meals Feeding for 2 year-old children Food Conservation Methods Safe Water
Sexual and Reproductive Health Gender and Self-Esteem Leadership Reproductive Risk Responsible Motherhood Family Planning Methods Brest-Feeding Importance Other subjects that they required Fatherhood and
Now we are able to tell you the experience with the Feeding and Nutritional Security and Sexual and Reproduction Health Subjects! In the Feeding and Nutritional Security Subject families are now aware of the lack of hygiene that they personally had before the project, they know of better methods to prepare their food. Knowing that each vegetable, fruit and herb has a very important nutritional content, which is essential for the good health of the family. During the approach of the subjects on Feeding and Nutritional Security it was noticed that women did not know the nutritional content of vegetables. After SCAMPIS, female beneficiaries of the project now talk about the importance of the consumption of their own herbs, fruit and vegetables and it is even more important that now they have all of them near home and together with the micro irrigation system which allows them to produce during the scarcity water season.
The preparation of diverse recipes was easy because we used everything that they had in their community, later it was quantified the production costs for each recipe and they realized how little money they invested and how healthier they were eating.
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Now women tell how their children ask them to cook vegetables, herbs and fruit that they did not eat before, because they used to cook them only with water and salt; they now have color and flavor and that is very interesting for all the family at the moment of food consumption. During the process we realized of the importance of the consumption of safe water. There were done bacteriological studies of water and we realized that they did not have safe water for human consumption.
FUNCAFE by considering the need of complementing the subject of Feeding and Nutritional Security SAN-, introduced the project of water purification filters for the same families that were working with horticulture production through micro irrigation system. The families were trained on the installation of the filters and their use and hygiene, in order to reduce stomach problems mainly diarrhea in children and adults. It was identified that when a woman was sick she did not participate and did not feel the desire to work. For the process of the project it was important the active participation of everybody involved, for this reason it was taught to the women to visit the health assistance centers closest to them to have their reproductive control.
The filter was a novelty especially for women because they did not need to buy chlorine to purify the water, they were also environmentally improving because they stopped using wood to boil the water and it is easier for them to fill the filters at night and the next day they have safe water to drink for all the family without the need of using more time being able to use it for other chores in the house.
Now we can listen to many women stating: my children no longer drink water from the faucet, they are used to go to school and drink water from the filter now they do not like any other type of water, there are families who have taken the filter as one more member for them because they even dress it up (they use a cover and it looks like a dress, they protect it from the animals and the kitchen smoke with a blanket).
Culturally talking it is not really well seen that women talk about this subject within the family and it is even worse to have a conversation like this with the husband. For men in the community the
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Sexual and Reproductive Health Subjects
woman must have as many children as God allows her to, women say that men state that a woman who does not have many children is not a good wife. When they were educated they began to know this reality more and more, it was implemented the education on sexual and reproductive health. Besides it is recognized that sexual and reproductive health has a high importance level because it contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal death.
Family Planning (PF)
Family planning in Guatemala During the years from 1950 to 2000 Guatemala presented a demographical growth in a 385% above all the regions in the world during the same period. Yearly, there are added about 354,000 new children to the Guatemalan population. In the rural area women are having an average of 1.5 more children that the ones they really want. ENSMI 2008. Several studies reveal that exists a relationship between the fertility rate and poverty, and for Guatemala this relationship is very well marked, where 60% of a wealthier population plan their family with a fertility rate of 1.9 compared to the rural poor population, where the fertility rate is 7.6. As consequence, family planning must be considered a priority in the creation of development plans. These actions were integrated as fundamental part by FUNCAFE.
In order to introduce the subject on family planning, mainly about the methods, it was needed to make a clarification that there were only to be shown the ones that there exist and how they are used as well as the importance of using them, because it was very important to talk about the subject and the connection that they have with feeding and nutritional security.
The capacity-building began with concrete examples: the differences between five-memberfamily compared to a ten-member-family: how they are fed, dressed, how they buy their shoes and how their health is, comparing the costs and consequences. The community members were sensitive on the importance of the use of methods and they agreed that they contribute and help the families. Another subject which is considered a taboo is fatherhood and motherhood responsibility because for the parents it is very difficult to approach this subject with their children, derived from the lack of training and education that they have about it. At the moment of approaching the subject on fatherhood and motherhood responsibility with the parents it was interesting to them because it allows them to educate their children in an easier way.
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This subject gave women a lot of ideas and new knowledge, mainly because mothers are the main advisors for their daughters; although these pieces of advice are limited to the experiences that the mothers have lived and that unfortunately have not found the best solutions. Now mothers have a wider knowledge in order to advise their daughters and by this way they would be the ones who have the opportunity to make positive changes in this ignorance circle on the sexual and reproductive health subject which exists due to the same lack of education on these transcendental life subjects as well as the development of the families and communities.
Women with better knowledge on the feeding and nutritional subject and sexual and reproductive health subject are now able to discuss and to take certain decisions and they also have more criterion on deciding on some issues and doubts that were inside their minds but that was difficult for them to express and practice them.
How is the youth involved and strengthen in this experience? Development of competition for Life When we talk about competitions it is referred to the group of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and values that allow people to know how to be, how to do something and how to live within a society which is more and more complex, demanding and competitive every single day. It is important, needed and strategic to invest in the development of competitions through formal and informal education. This is the reason why FUNCAFE works on kindergarten, elementary and middle education levels teaching them about the basic competitions for life, which respond to the
Youth has a great potential on attitude and behavior which can be reached in a short and middle term and for that reason it was decided to work at schools. In our level, schools have been very interested in working on several training subjects, mainly the ones related to agriculture activities which are a fundamental part of the family roots in the rural area. FUNCAFE through SCAMPIS not only introduced agriculture subjects but also included improvement by showing new technological practices which made better the rural production system.
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demands of the labor market.
It is difficult for schools to work by themselves on agricultural subjects. In spite of being in the middle of the rural area, education is mainly focused on the improvement of pedagogical attitude, and teachers do not have the needed knowledge on agricultural subjects. These difficulties become a problem because knowledge on the best agricultural practices and technologies in order to improve the production on rural area are on hold; as consequence it is increased the feeding and nutritional insecurity within the communities.
By knowing these types of weaknesses and that young people who are attending school are the future of the communities, besides that they represent the opportunity of change in the development process, it was decided to work with them through school gardening. FUNCAFE leaves a legacy in the families of the intervened communities with SCAMPIS, because the new generations are going to create their own families with better responsibility and knowledge. All of the actions performed by FUNCAFE in the communities were backed up by the local and national authorities and for this reason it is considered that the actions were performed together with the vision of an integral development. FUNCAFE through SCAMPIS Project left a high strengthening level in women and youngsters on fundamental life subjects for the rural area, because it was provoked inside the communities a positive change on the behavior of the participant families.
CHARD ROLLS
INGREDIENTS 30 leaves of chard; 4 eggs; 1 cup boiling water; 1 pinch salt ; 1 cup oil PREPARATION: Wash leaves one by one and put 20 minutes in salted water, drain the leaves. In a cup of boiling water blanch the chard leaves. Beat eggs until stiff. Heat a pan with oil. Make bunches of Swiss chard leaves and dip the 4-with beaten egg. Put the pan fried in heated oil. Serve with tomato sauce. Preparation time 40 minutes.
CARROT DRINK
INGREDIENTS 2 large carrots; cup sugar; 2 liters of water ; 3 oranges (juice) PREPARATION: Wash and grate the carrots, then melt it with 1 liter of water. Mix carrot juice with the remaining water and orange juice. Add sugar. Serve. Preparation time 20 minutes
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Strategy adaptation of the project: introducing micro-irrigation systems in school gardens in Guatemala
Santiago Girn, Project Coordinator, Funcaf, Guatemala. Mail: santiago.ggdl@funcafe.org
ABSTRACT In Guatemala 1 of each 2 children suffer from chronicle malnutrition, which locates the country as the fourth in a global level with presence of chronicle malnutrition in children under 5 years. The Fundacin de la Caficultura para el Desarrollo Rural (Coffee Foundation for Rural Development) FUNCAF- , social branch of the national coffee producers, aware of the need of making actions in the fight against chronicle malnutrition in Guatemala, reorients the intervention strategies to integral actions in order to beat the negative effects of chronicle malnutrition in the country. The project Using the Micro Irrigation Systems SCAMPIS- in Guatemala initially proposed the possibility to introduce the micro irrigation technology of low cost to the small producers living in poor and extremely poor situation. Using the help of this technology; increasing the production levels of food for self-consumption, as well as the selling of surplus. FUNCAF decided to integrate SCAMPIS Project within the Food and Nutritional Security Area in order to improve the production systems of micro producers of the rural area and for this reason used the help of three intervention models; working together with the private sector, with a governmental program, a city hall, and an association of exporting horticultural producers. Over 10,000 families know and use the micro irrigation technology to produce food for self consumption and the sale of surplus, improving with this method their productivity levels. From these families at least the 70% were trained in sexual and reproductive health subjects, food and nutritional security and safe water for human consumption. As continuous elements it was introduced the micro irrigation technology in 124 schools allowing that over 11,000 students were able to know the technology, get related with it and
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use it as a learning process at school. Funcaf has the certainty that leaves a wider opening and
acceptance to the micro irrigation technology in Guatemala, water purification systems, for the sexual and reproductive health subjects and food and nutritional security, in the intervened places through SCAMPIS Project, at individual and family level and at organizational and community level.
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FUNCAFE- social branch of the Guatemalan coffee producers Funcaf as social support for the coffee producers sector is based in three fundamental and strategically axis; health, education and food and nutritional security. In the food and nutritional security issue (SAN) FUNCAFE intervention logic is based on four pillars agreed in the Food Global Summit Conference 1996: Availability, Access, Consumption and Biological Use, pillars that were adopted in the National Policy on Food and Nutritional Security in Guatemala as a commitment of the Guatemalan Government toward the feeding right that every human has. According to the National Policy on Food and Nutritional Security , Funcaf begins efforts to improve the conditions of availability, access, consumption of biological use of the food for the less favor families of the rural area of Guatemala. In 2010 UNICEF released alarming information in Guatemala indicating that 4 of 10 children in Guatemala suffered chronicle malnutrition and the levels were higher for indigenous children living in rural areas with 8 of 10 affected. In 2011 Guatemala was declared as the fourth country in a global level and first in Latin America with chronicle malnutrition presence. UNICEF in its global enfant report for 2012 indicated that the situation is getting worse by having 1 of each 2 children suffering chronicle malnutrition in Guatemala.
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The Project SCAMPIS introduce low cost micro irrigation technology to small farmers living in poor and extremely poor situation. Using this technology the levels of food production for self-consumption increase, the families can also sell the surplus at the market. The project started also developing a local market chain for the irrigation technology and to make it more accessible members. Funcaf aware of the need of making actions to fight against chronicle Guatemala, malnutrition changed in the to the community
intervention strategies to integral actions in order to beat the negative effects of chronicle
malnutrition in the country. The East side of Guatemala has been identified as Scampis main intervention area, this area is hevily affected areas by chronicle malnutrition, also affected for long periods with high and very high risk of drought and vulnerability to climate change, decrease of the quantity and quality of the water and the deregulation of the cycle of water resources, lack of protection and vanishing of water sources as well as the high vulnerability of the territorial division. The main idea was to educate on the creation of family gardens for the horticultural production in their backyards, using the micro irrigation system in order to reduce the amount of water used during the production process. This horticultural production is intended to be used for self consumption and the sale of surplus. The designated area for each family was 20 m2.
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There were defined 12 towns from the east side of Guatemala located at Chiquimula, Jalapa, Jutiapa, and Zacapa, 1 town in Alta Verapaz and 1 town from El Quich. For the towns located in the east side were stated alliances in order to intervene 7.000 families with the national program FIDA-East and Asociacin Nacional del Caf (Guatemalan National Coffee Association) ANACAFE- 1 these partners would support with technicians and components for the family gardens and SCAMPIS Project with the introduction of the micro irrigation technology. In Cobn, Alta Verapaz alliances were made with the City Hall of Cobn to support 1.500 families and in San Miguel Uspantn, El Quich with Asociacin de Agricultores El Sembrador 1.500 families. Faced Challenges in the Beginning of the Intervention One of the biggest faced challenges in Guatemala in the beginning of the intervention was the lack of availability of units for the micro irrigation dimensions of 20 m2. In Guatemala there are irrigation systems for industrial methods, established for surplus producers with productive units of 7.000 m2 or larger. In 2010 there were no small irrigation units. The smallest unit was 600 m2 and the model was from Israel, although this one had a high cost for the target population of the Project. There was performed an offer study for micro irrigation in Guatemala and was also launched a proposal to the national suppliers for the production of units of 20 m2, although it was unsuccessful due to the fact that any company was interested in the production of those models. The small producers in Guatemala before 2010 did not have access to this technology, for that reason was totally unknown its use in a small scale. It was finally reached a supplier company that was interested in the creation of an irrigation model of 1000 m2, there were made adaptations of the irrigation models available in Guatemala and was also implemented an assembly of national products and some imported materials, mainly hose and the filtration system. Another great challenge especially in dry corridor zone was the lack of culture for vegetable production; there was a high level of ignorance about the production of horticultural types. The family diet and production systems were mainly based on corn and beans. There were
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ANACAF, for further information www.anacafe.org
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inappropriate practices that affected the efficiency of the vegetable production, due to the lack of knowledge on the agricultural management of these types. The designated families for the project were grouped in teams of 5 and that was how the implementation began for the production of family gardens in 100 square meters worked by 5 families. Cultural aspects as well as behavior patterns directed to individualism marked a large gap between the expected objectives of the project and the actual execution in the field, in other words eastern families were not initially willing to join the groups of 5. Strategy Implementation There were performed a few field tours to the communities to be intervene, establishing the possibility of the project and also socializing with the targets that were initially pursued. It was achieved the goal to make some community leaders become interested, although it was little compare to the goals that were expected to reach in the first year. It was strategically decided to implement demonstrative plots in 100 communities, one plot of 100 m2 worked by 5 families for the implementation of family gardens, using the micro irrigation technology of low pressure. The community leaders were trained by agriculture technicians and group representatives about vegetable production, also on the installation, use and correct maintenance of the micro irrigation system, and there was also given orientation to these groups for a productive cycle (6 months) since the preparation of the land until the use of the harvest. During this demonstrative period, there were invited other producers to visit the demonstrative
The demonstrative phase allowed to be known the functioning of the irrigation technology, its advantages and more efficient use. Also the demonstrative phase allowed to be known the agricultural practices of horticultural growing as well as the using methods of the same. The horticultural using practices were given with the support of a team of health and nutrition educators. There was made a diagnosed of the intervene community needs through domicile visits made by the educators and it was determined the imminent necessity to educate in sexual health and
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plots as interchange through the methodology farmer to farmer.
reproductive subjects, hygiene practices, healthy feeding, methods for food preparation, among other subjects directed to home improvement. It was also determined that the main source of water for human consumption en those communities was through non purified water through pipes, about 20% did not have distribution systems; for that reason they used superficial sources of water as well as underground and the consumption was done without purification. Funcaf as an alternative to supply the basic needs of SCAMPIS users, it invites to its partners to intervene on health and education issues and projects focused on safe water supplying for human consumption. A partner of Funcaf becomes interested and he joins to the effort of SCAMPIS Project in order to improve the living conditions of the families of the intervened communities mainly in the east side of Guatemala. With this support it is possible to invest in practices in order to improve education in 56 schools being able to train students and teachers improving by this mean the education quality through the active rural school methodology, applied for multi-grade schools and also through education campaigns were given school materials and school libraries. There were introduced education subjects focused in the improvement of the knowledge on sexual health and reproductive of the community members and also subjects related to food and nutritional security with strong emphasis in the hygiene subject and safe water. The families were supported with health campaigns and water purification filters. With this integral support SCAMPIS Project in Guatemala was able to go beyond the introduction
biological food use, good sexual health and reproductive practices and there were also achieved the improvement on water consumption methods. Over 10,000 families were introduced and used the technology to produce food for self consumption as well as surplus sale, improving in this way their productivity levels. From these families at least 70% were trained in sexual health and reproductive subjects, food and nutritional safety and safe water for human consumption.
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of micro irrigation technology, there were also implemented good self consumption practices and
Introduction of Technology through School Gardens Funcaf, implements actions in order to improve the education quality with the active rural school methodology, adapted to the context of rural school of Guatemala. It is based in the principle of learning by doing. There was developed a practical guide on food and nutritional security to implement actions within the school. A concrete action was the implementation of school gardens with a productive and business approach. In the east side of Guatemala, through SCAMPIS Project Funcaf is able to identify 124 schools in the intervention communities. In these 124 schools is designated the intervention of SCAMPIS Project for the implementation of school gardens with a food and nutritional security approach. Different to the actions that Funcaf developed before 2010 in schools, for the implementation of gardens, there were introduced the principles of bio-intensive agriculture to produce more in less space and the micro irrigation technology for the horticultural production during the time of water shortage. It was performed a training process and the education of students and teachers on the design and implementation of school gardens, preparation of natural fertilizers and pesticides, cultivation methods and cultural practices for the horticultural production. It was given education on the identification and production of native plants and it was able to introduce them to the school gardens. Students and teachers were also trained on sexual and reproductive health subjects, hygiene and cleaning, safe water for human consumption and diet improvement through the horticultural consumption and native plants. The 124 schools received the needed tools in order to implement the school gardens as well as filters to purify water; these components were also accompanied by a training process and education on the proper use and maintenance for the same. It was also considered the implementation of the strategy of SCAMPIS Project in a school level mainly because it is constituted in one continuing element of the good practices developed through the project. In a family level it was used the participation of people over 40 years who have never seen a micro irrigation system and who had never had the chance to use it. For this reason it was decided to implement the school level technology.
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Students and teachers were the main actors in their own learning. All of the practices were participative. Students and teachers were involved in the design and implementation of the garden, the installation of the micro irrigation system and the filters for the purification of water. The arrival to the school allowed advancing with the introduction of the technologies and also allowed to give a huge step in the introduction process for better practices in the food production. The younger students began exploring and experimenting new learning techniques as well as advanced technologies to improve their productivity levels. For these reasons it is considered to have taken a right step in the introduction of the technology and good practices in food and nutritional security in the communities. Initial Challenges in School Gardens There was performed a disclosure process of the objectives that Funcaf has set out for the introduction of school gardens in the east side of Guatemala. The technical team introduced the project to the directors and teachers of the schools. The teachers submitted the project for consideration to the parents and general alumni and it was reached the first approval. In the implementation of the practices, especially for those that required a bigger effort, like the preparation of the land, the parents demonstrated some sort of resistance due to the fact that they considered that the tasks were too hard for the students. This first obstacle was resolved by involving the parents in the process of the preparation of the land, which had a greater acceptance and allowed better advances. Some schools did not have a land of their own to develop the practices for the school garden. This
gardens. Generally the schools have different study schedules from Monday to Friday, although they remain closed during the weekends. The schedule is usually from 4 to 5 hours and it is regularly during the mornings. The students organized their own school meetings, there were created support commissions and there were also assigned roles and specific tasks in order to maintain the tasks and cultural labor of school gardens including during the weekends.
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problem was resolved because some of the parents gave as loan some areas to create the practice
School Gardens as Demonstrative Plots School gardens became demonstrative plots and they brought the interest of the community members. Generally in the schools from the rural area they have open fields for recreation and in some cases some areas without any specific use. These areas were identified for the implementation of the school garden. In some schools the areas without use had been polluted by solid remains. Through the introduction of school gardens was able the recovering of these areas and turned into productive sites. The students were trained in the handling of solid remains and the separation of organic remains, inorganic, papers and toxics. Through environmental workshops students were taught about the reduction, recycling and reused of remains generated at school. The parents were able to participate in the different implementation practices of the gardens. The participation of the parents had multiplying and retorting effects, because they also became interested in the implementation of gardens in family and community level. Schools were used to give some workshops on food and nutritional security and sexual and reproductive health. The mothers of students were incorporated to SCAMPIS Project, which allowed that the students were part of a learning process and improvement not only at school but also at home. Methodological Development of the Implementation of Gardens and Introduction of the Micro Irrigation Technology at Schools In order to begin with the implementation of school gardens it was given an education process and training to the teachers and students. It was assigned an agricultural technician for the development of workshops to train about the design and
implementation of school gardens. The workshops were theoretical and practical, and the students were educated on distance and cultivation methods,
according to the condition of the land that each school

Training for teachers and students about design and implementation of a school garden.
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had.
The schools were granted with 7 horticultural types adapted to the soil conditions and weather of the place. The students and teachers were guided about the preparation of the land as well as the horticultural cultivation explaining step by step on the distance besides direct and indirect cultivation method. There were performed practices in order to educate students on the preparation of substratum for seedbed, elaboration of seedbeds and preparation of natural products to fertilize, plague control and disease control. Students and teachers were technically helped since the beginning of the preparation of the land until the harvest season. There was given a guide to the school about the preparation of the vegetable garden so that at the moment that they need to they could make any practice without the technical help, and just by using the reference material to consult. This guide has the best practices for the elaboration of horticultural gardens and makes easier the implementation of these practices through the use of images. In the production process of the school garden, teachers and students were trained on food and nutritional security subjects emphasizing the good practices of hygiene and cleaning, diet improvement, method of best horticultural use, the consumption of safe water and purification
Boys and Girls learning how to sow in a seedbed.
nutritional security: availability, access, consumption and biological use. Horticultural harvests from school garden were used to make practices on preparation of nutritional food. Students and teachers learned how to take advantage in a more efficient way of the harvests of the school garden. It was prepared a recipe book of food produced on horticultural gardens and this was taken as support material so the recipes could be included in the students lunch boxes.
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methods for water, among other subjects that were focused on the four pillars of food and
In the schools there were also introduced sexual and reproductive health subjects. These subjects were mainly approached for teenagers from 12 and older, during this age they are studying the six level of elementary school. There was a little resistance level for the approaching of these subjects; in the Guatemalan communities there is a high level of ignorance and also an infinitive list of taboos related to sexual and reproductive subjects. It was able to reduce the resistance to the subject informing to the teachers and parents in general on the importance of the approaching of these educational subjects in teenagers. Thanks to the level or power of the educators of health and nutrition with their communities it was possible to reach the 124 schools of the project and there were given these subjects not only for students but also for teachers. The main subjects related to sexual and reproductive health were: family planning, planning methods, productive risks in women, responsible parenthood and motherhood and sexual transfer diseases. It was interesting to know the level of interest that the students demonstrated on the subject. Final Comments Teenagers between 12 years and older, have several doubts related to sexuality and reproduction. Sadly in the Guatemalan communities it continuous to be a hidden subject that the parents hardly talk about in a responsible way with their children. For that reason at the moment
Some students using a micro irrigation system in a horticultural garden
Students participating a the Food and Nutritional Safety Workshop given by Funcaf Technicians
of the approach at school, students took the time to ask questions and expressed their multiple doubts on the
subject. As Funcaf it is expected that in a middle and long term this generation be more responsible with its sexuality and that the acquired knowledge be transferred to new generations.
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The introduction of micro irrigation technology was strategically, students and teachers demonstrated a greater interest in the use of technology. Each school was given with an irrigation system of 100 square meters. With this technology they were able to produce three cycles of horticultural harvest and in some schools where the teacher lived in the community and the students actively participated, they were able to produce a fourth harvest cycle. There exists a high interest at Ministerio de Educacin and other programs for food and nutritional security in Guatemala for the development of school gardens in the country and they look for Funcaf as leader process. Parents came to the school with the desire to know a little more of technology, there they were able to observe its functioning and use. Through the introduction of technology in schools, there was an increase on the demand of the families for more micro irrigation systems and they were also more interested in the use of this kind of technology for the production of horticultural gardens, and also to be able to improve their production system. Students are more curious and they discover the benefits of the use of technology easily, they execute an influential level in their parents and achieve that they improve their habitual practices in the field. It is expected that over 11.000 students that met the micro irrigation system technology may be able in the future to improve their productive systems and also be able to reduce the resistance to the use of this technology as well as the future technologies, in order to improve their food production systems. That these students be aware that there exist new methods that help them produce more units and that they must be accompanied with the updating process in order to face the challenges of the future, in the endless search of food. Funcaf continuing with its constitutional mandate and focusing its efforts to achieve its vision-to promote human development in the rural area- expects to have contributed in the improvement of life quality of the families participating in SCAMPIS Project and also expects that this improvement process, for the new generations that were able to participate in the integral
Students showing the harvest of the horticultural garden
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implementation of the actions of SCAMPIS, use the learned actions and continue the learning curve in order to improve their own living conditions. Funcaf has the certainty that is leaving a wider opening and acceptability of the micro irrigation technology, water purification system, subjects like food and nutritional security and sexual and reproductive health, in the intervene places through SCAMPIS, in an individual level, family level, organizational level and community level.
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2.
Scaling up integrated strategies for micro-irrigation through
coffee producers
Mynor Maldonado, Executive Director, Funcaf, Guatemala. Mail: mynor.dmm@funcafe.org
Abstract Scampis Guatemala Project began as a part of a Feeding and Nutritional Security Area and was developed in three intervention modalities: Alliance with a City Hall; Alliance with an Association of exporting horticultural producers; direct attention to the user families in the community. Scampis project in Guatemala focused on the feeding and nutritional security where irrigation technology represented an innovative strategy that can contribute the food security improvement. The intervention of the project was designed in an integrated way with actions that allowed adding and complementing technical, human and financial resources; looking for an individual and collective behavior change in the intervention communities through these resources. As consequence Funcaf arranged additional resources in order to integrate the actions and strategies from which were considered five approaching strategies: integration of technical components; methodological approach; working with women; differentiated attention and formal education on feeding and nutritional security. The integration of actions as well as the implementation of irrigation system technology was institutionally adopted within the Feeding and Nutritional Security of Funcaf in a way that the new projects for the next five years consider the good practices and lessons learned through Scampis FIDA Project. For the sustainability of future actions it is hoped to be able to work with Small Producing Organizations, Cooperatives and Coffee Associations and it is also defined a goal of 5000 individual systems of 50m a total of 25Ha under micro-irrigation production intended for the self-consumption and 1.000Has with greenhouse system through irrigation with a commercial production focus. These families belong to organizations of producers who are linked to an agricultural chain (coffee and horticultural production). The learned lessons through Scampis Project were systematized and the experiences are being incorporated in the new actions as a continuous improvement process in the rural developing management.
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The Fundacin para la Caficultura para el Desarrollo Rural (Coffee Foundation for Rural Development)-FUNCAFE-2 as social branch of Guatemalan coffee producers, works in three strategically areas: Education, Health and Feeding and Nutritional Security. Scampis Guatemalan Project was designed under the Feeding and Nutritional Security Area; it was also developed in the intervention modalities: 1. Alliance with a City Hall: Cobn, Alta Verapaz3 City Hall made the selection of communities and families, and gave technical advising as well as seeds for the production of vegetables which were sold in the local market. 2. Alliance with an Association of exporting horticultural producers-AGRISEM-4: in this case AGRISEM, made the selection of families, the technical assistance and granting of seeds, which most of the producers used to cultivate small vegetables for exportation. 3. Direct attention to the user families: in this third modality the technical personnel from Funcaf did all the execution process with an integrated attention; this integrated attention considered organization actions as well as community participation, preventive health, with emphasis in sexual and reproductive health; maternal-enfant health; nutritional education for mothers, children and teachers; vegetable garden production training under bio-intensive agriculture and also the implementation of micro irrigation system as the technical innovation of the project. During the execution was present the personnel who gave technical assistance on each of the approached subjects. It was integrated an educators team with higher education in order to have additional help and monitoring within the communities that received the advising from the expertise on vegetable gardens, nutrition, adult education and preventive health.
2 3
FUNCAFE, was established by coffee producers in 1994. Cobn, Alta Verapaz is a place North Guatemala City, with an Indigenous-Mayan population from Queqch ethnic group. 4 AGRISEM is an Agricultural Association located at Uspantn, El Quich, and Indigenous-Mayan population from Quich ethnic group.
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It was also monitored the advance of the project each trimester and the coverage was extended with the participation of local agents like city halls, non-governmental organizations and producer cooperatives. The integration of actions as well as the implementation of irrigation technology, was institutionally adopted within Feeding and Nutritional Safety from Funcaf, in a way that those projects for the next five years consider the good practices and learned lessons from Scampis FIDA project. Integrated Strategies Scampis Project in Guatemala focused on feeding and nutritional security, where
irrigation technology represented an innovative method to contribute in one of the feeding security pillars, as for food production,
especially for self consumption. In order to have a greater impact in the intervention of the project it was designed an integrated way with actions that allowed adding and complementing technical, human and financial resources; looking for an individual and collective behavior change in the intervention communities through these resources. As
Demonstrative workshop in school V-gardens
which were considered five approaching strategies: differentiated attention and formal education on feeding and nutritional safety. 1. Technical Components: preventive health; feeding and nutritional security; education. Each technical component was designed and assisted by the professional responsible within the Foundation. It is important to clear up that the main financial support from Scampis was designated to the implementation of irrigation technology by irrigation. 2. Methodological Approach: learning by making. The implementation process in the field was under the philosophy of learning by making, this was applied by children, teachers
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consequence Funcaf arranged additional resources to integrate the actions and strategies from
and community members. Schools were constituted in demonstrative centers and the bonding of children learning at school through the practical classes with everything that their parents were doing at home, for the production of food. 3. Working with women: organization and training in situ. Most of the community groups were integrated by women (60%). The participation of women turned out to be strategically due that the irrigation systems were for small areas (from 50 to 100 square meters) and also because of the feeding care of the children and mostly, for the rest of the family is in the hands of the mothers. 4. Differentiated Attention: individual, family, community and organizational. Users received differentiated attention and advising, according to age, region conditions, idiosyncrasy, especially for the sexual health and reproductive subject. As family level it was emphasized in home hygiene, harmlessness in food, consumption of safe water and it was given to several member of the family. In the community it was given according to their needs and interests and it was also respected their community values. As organizational level it was heard and known their interests, it was negotiated the support for the greater use of the financing and it was concreted the support by responding to the objectives of the project and benefits of the organization. 5. Formal Education in Nutritional Security: training to school teachers, organization and children training, educational material at classrooms as part of the education program from rural elementary level. It was incorporated technology at schools, considering that schools are an excellent demonstrative and learning mean. Technology was also accompanied with training to teachers as well as technical advising in the production of school horticultural gardens, which allowed in a practical way to teach children the feeding and nutritional security principals. There were designed reference and advising books for the application of the principals at school, by the families and in the community.
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6. Generation of Knowledge: Scampis Project strengthened the capacity to systematize the good practice actions and their learned lessons, as a way to generate knowledge as well as organizational learning. Derived from this strengthening it was defined the management unit structure of projects that consider the design, monitoring and evaluation of the projects within Funcaf.
Scaling up with coffee producers in Guatemala Asociacin Nacional del Caf (Guatemalan National Coffee Association) ANACAFE-, within a vision of rural development defined a new strategically plan 2013-2017 of the Productivity and Development agenda. This agenda considers production elements and competitiveness of coffee chain and social development subject which by orders of farmers must be performed by Funcaf. So the new interventions during this period of work will be closely coordinated between the technical-economic and social matter. As consequence of the above, the first project to replicate the learned lessons and practices of Scampis Guatemala, will be supported by the United States Government (USG) aimed to reduce poverty, hunger and malnutrition.
The project will be performed through a consortium between ANACAFE, Confederacin Guatemalteca de Federaciones de Cooperativas (CONFECOOP),5 FUNDASISTEMAS6 and FUNCAFE, where Funcaf is the responsible for implementing the food security component. That is why this project called Rural Value Chain RVC- is centered around a design that addresses several aspects concerning to the development, incorporating the elements listed below. Make a juxtaposition of economic growth with improvements in nutrition, not as coincidence but looking at them as independent goals; Requires implementing a participatory and strong approach, from bottom-up, to achieve behavior changes that affect nutrition and economic status; Give attribution to the private sector to generate equitable economic growth in the agricultural area.
5 6
High organization of small producers organized in cooperatives. Foundation with experience in business development.
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The expected results include increase incomes of producers through innovations in production techniques and market access, along with improvements in nutrition levels through changes in behavior based on educational approaches. Here are some highlight elements of the proposal.
The Consortium: ANACAFE will be the organization that leads a Consortium of producers and entities working in favor of development. This provides greatest ownership of the project and builds capacities in local organizations. Together with its partner CONFECOOP, ANACAFE becomes the leader of a value chain that includes more than 15,000 producers in the objective Departments. They have been major players in the process by which Guatemala managed to enter, and even stood out prominently, in the specialized international markets of coffee crops and vegetables. The Consortium will play several roles within RVCP, including where they become beneficiaries, as designers and executors of the project, contributors in the role of a counterparty organization and also they become the vehicle to achieve a sustainable development that extends beyond the life of the project (LOP). The fact to have incorporated small producing organizations of the rural area since the beginning is a way to strengthen their participation in defining the objectives of the program, as well as strengthening its commitment to share the costs and responsibilities of the project.
Technical Support and Business Development: The Consortium partners are the main organizations to provide technical services to our target groups of producers and entrepreneurs. The models we are going to use to provide the technical support and
beneficiaries will graduate from the program, leaving behind the benefit of a subsidized service. By graduating a number of beneficiaries, the provided assistance will have the chance to incorporate new producers and entrepreneurs to strengthen programs and, thus, will expand the process made on issues of productivity, quality, profitability, and so on.
Communications: The design we use for RCVP manages to incorporate a combination of strategies previously tested, with innovative practices of Guatemalan institutions.
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business development incorporate a number of processes that will bring as result that the
Technology Expansion (SMR) Working with organizations of small producers, Cooperatives and Associations of coffee under this new project will allow the implementation of the irrigation technology on a level of individual systems of 50m2, with a total of 25Ha under micro-irrigation; this production will be destined for consumption and 1.000Has with irrigation under greenhouse systems, for commercial production purposes. It aims to cover at least 5.000 new families in the western rural area. These families belong to organizations of producers that are linked to an agricultural-food chain (coffee and vegetables). Working with women Chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age has a direct correlation, - although this is not due to the educational level of the mother. Recent
information in Guatemala indicate that chronic malnutrition rates of children with mothers who have an education equivalent to high school education is 15.8%; the rate of those mothers with elementary school level is 43.3%; and the rate of those mothers who did not attend school is 62.9%. The poverty and chronic malnutrition issue will be addressed as a complement to the governmental activities that promote habit changes and nutritional practices of this group. It is going to be emphasized in the work with mothers because they constitute a key factor in the field of production to self consumption, selection and preparation of food for the family.
The main actions under the new proposal include: School and family gardens with micro dripping irrigation. Training on health and nutrition issues for elementary school teachers. Training in health and nutrition. De-worming Alternative methods for the handling and processing of safe water. Firewood saving stoves for smoke-free family spaces.
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Main future actions
Monitoring & Evaluation A lesson learned in Scampis project is the correct definition of indicators, outputs, outcomes and impact. This involves the removal of a baseline that allows defining the starting point and the conditions of people, families and communities before the project intervention and objectively measuring the contribution of the project to improve the lives of families. As well as the evaluation of the effectiveness cost of implemented practices.
Conclusions The execution of Scampis Project Guatemala, allowed: Spaces for users rural community club theses spaces made easier the sharing of knowledge, experiences and collective learning. Opening of rural population to unknown technology. Implementation of 27 hectares of agricultural production under the micro irrigation system, low pressure systems to accessible prices for the rural population. To learn and optimize the water resource for the production of food. To generate a positive change in behavior before the production of agricultural food in areas where did not exist horticultural production culture. To diversify the diet and increase the availability of food in the user families.
Irrigation technology represented a good practice, which was instituted by Funcaf in its Feeding Security Projects for the coffee growing area in different regions of the country. The learned Lessons through Scampis Project were systematized and the experiences are being incorporated in the new actions as a continuous improvement process.
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To learn how to treat the water human consumption in a safe way.
3.
The first experience lasts forever: Bijaya Kumar experience as Scampis promoter
Bijaya Kumar Rout, Scampis Business Associate, IDEI , Orissa, India. Mail: bijaya1970@yahoo.com
Who am I? I (Bijaya Kumar Rout) belong to a small tribal village called Chandragiri in Gajapati district of Odisha State. Born in a poor family of seven members I somehow managed to complete my graduation in 1990. After two years I got an opportunity to work as program staff at Chandragiri under Suara Development Agency (SDA), Government of Odisha. There I was involved in various Socio-economic development programs and served 15 years for the development of Primitive Tribes. I went to the field with other staff to meet the tribal people. They were facing many hardships including the almost absence of health facilities and huge language barrier. They live on hilltops and engage only in rain fed agriculture. They are very simple and hard working people. Lacking suitable irrigation facilities and lack of knowledge about modern agriculture practices are the key factors for their under development. In my interaction with them I can say that agriculture is their main livelihood. As far
or petrol pump sets.
It is said that first experience lasts forever. I would like to briefly talk about my first field
day experience. I was travelling with my Motor Bike to village Gumiguda which is 34 Kms from my location. I reached there around 9 am. I was a bit anxious about meeting people and sharing with them about the project & products. But to my surprise, there was not even one male member in the village. They were engaging in terrace cultivation and therefore not present in the village. I thought to myself- now what to do? I just walked around in the small village and saw some fields. I found barren land everywhere. Then suddenly it struck me- lets start from the scratch and
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as agriculture is concerned, irrigation is their key constraint and they cannot afford electric, diesel
here in this village itself. Then I selected one of the many barren fields and decided to install Micro Irrigation System. At the same time a small boy came and started to make enquiries about me & what I was doing. I came to know that the boy is the son of the land owner. I asked to bring his father. Then the farmer came and I got an opportunity we both discussed in detail about the use and benefit of MIS sitting in the field. A smile appeared on his face. But he expressed his inability to purchase the MIS. Then both of us went to dealer shop to get the system on credit with a condition that he must return his contribution amount in a week time as the farmer contribution because of the subsidy is very less. Finally the dealer agreed and the rest as they say is history.
The day after, I installed a Drum Kit in his field and Chilly, Brinjal & Tomatoes seedlings were
planted. I supported him by providing proper guidance to take care of his plants. Then LOF prepared and installed in his field and in due time it applied to the plants. When the plants appeared in full of green and crop the farmer was very happy and expressed his gratitude. But I reminded him that actually it was because of his own positive attitude and a great deal of trust on me. After few days the farmer started harvesting the crops for his family members and inclusion of vegetables in their diets was thrilling! He started to share his joys with others and started selling surplus crops to the village people & in local markets. He earned more money gradually. He earned approximately INR 5, 000 from that single crop in a season. He spent money on purchasing good clothes for family members and repaid old debt. Since then he has been cultivating vegetable crops in every season by using MIS and receiving more financial benefits. With continued use he has been able to converting his thatched house to a new tin roofed house, purchased land and ornaments etc. and living with his family happily. Bijaya Kumar Rout IDEI; July 2012 Moreover, the SHG members were not aware about vegetable cultivation. After my joining in SCAMPIS I have mobilized more than 40 SHGs about 500 women members. They are now involved and are using our technologies have enhanced their knowledge on vegetable cultivation, preparation of LOF i.e. Pot manure, Magic Tonic & Vermi Wash. All SHGs have cultivated and harvested different crops like Tomato, Brinjal, Okra successfully and developed their economic condition. They are following our recommendation on cultivation.
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My work During my work in SDA and meeting so many tribal people I had a desire to help them overcome this problem however I felt that I was not able to help them really change much. After joining IDEI as Business Associate in 2010 I started to work very hard to fulfill my desire to help poor families in the best possible manner.
I joined the SCAMPIS project and underwent a thorough training in which I learnt about the project and the different aspects. As was shared in the training that we work in conjunction with OTELP; there were projects by OTELP that were being implemented in the Chandragiri area. I then identified potential villages. I organized promotional activities such as farmer meetings, Individual contacts, Village demonstrations and Haat demonstrations in the villages and convinced farmers about our project activities, its aim and objectives and benefit of technologies like STP (Surface Treadle Pump), Drip irrigation like Drum Kit and Bucket Kit. As I know many farmers are shown their interest towards our technologies and to use them in agricultural field. Accordingly I initiated the supply of technologies through dealers. Primarily on an average 3-4 farmers in each interested villages purchased these technologies. As was shared with us, we also paid special attention to providing Service After Sales (SAS) to the new users. We tried to identify local Bijaya Kumar Rout IDEI; July 2012 youth; train them as VBM, who are critical in providing SAS and maintenance of pumps/drip kit. In my work I always emphasized to involve women in promotional events and capacity building. Hence it was easy for me when I involved SHG members in our activities. Many SHG meetings and trainings were conducted to convince the women members for their involvement in our programme. At first only one SHG women members started vegetable crop with use of our Bucket Kit with and I provided all assistance I could to
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convince them about the efficiency of the technology. At the growing stage of plants/seedlings I organized Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP) trainings for them to give more knowledge about Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) i.e. preparation of Pot Manure, Magic Tonic & Vermi Wash and its application to the plants and they did accordingly. I also imparted training on Agronomy to the farmers to take proper care of plants from different insects and diseases. With so much care, the plants grew well and a good harvest was achieved. This led the family members to enjoy nutritious healthy food and also increased their economic status by selling additional harvest/crops. After seeing the benefit from users other farmers and SHG members have gradually shown interest towards our technologies.
With the initial success and good result more farmers started to show interest in the SCAMPIS project. Now the farmers of the project villages are cultivating different types of high value crops like Tomato, Okra, Brinjal, Cabbage, and Chilly and getting better financial benefits, and developing their economic condition. They are able to send their children to go to school in good school dress and fulfill minimum needs and finally changed their life style. Previously I had to do lot of handholding but now they are doing everything themselves. In this way I covered all OTELP villages under SCAMPICS project successfully. During these three years, so many farmers have re-done their houses; from kutcha (non-concrete) to tin roofed houses, some have cleared their debts, purchased lands, agricultural implements, ornaments etc. for their family. By helping so many people live better dignified lives, I have derived even more strength in the form of (1) Self interest in work (2) to do the work with a special quality and quantity (3) from different meetings & trainings etc. It has not been easy, all along I have faced many challenges and those are as follows:
o All the villages are situated in hill areas so it has been a challenge to access these villages o It was difficult to work in politically disturbed (Naxal) villages
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o It was difficult to convince the tribal people to use our technologies as because they were acquainted with their traditional method of cultivation o In some cases, the interested farmers had no water sources for cultivation
Personal Achievement During my involvement in SCAMPIS project I have achieved the followings: 1. I have achieved the following sale of technologies: STP: 457 Drum Kit: 261 Bucket Kit: 887
470 of LOF (Liquid Organic fertilizers) also installed, prepared and applied it to the plants.
I was specially entrusted to involve more women farmers in our main stream of SCAMPIS project and for which 40 SHGs were mobilized in Mohana Block and all most all SHG members installed Bucket Kits throughout the year and are harvesting different crops and giving their family members nutritious food and developing their own as well as their Groups economic condition. In 6 Churches I have installed Drum Kits/Bucket Kits in different crops and imparted training to the farmers. I have also imparted training on LOF to SURAKSHYA NGO.
Due to my hard work, many poor people and SHG s are in good position on socially, economically.
I have acquired more knowledge about the program and the poor tribal livelihoods. With my hard work & dedication and work ability, I think personally I have achieved tremendous growth and contributed to fulfilling the goal.
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Now they are living happily. For me, their happiness is the greatest achievement.
Tapan Kumar Pattanayak, Chief General Manager IDEI, Regional Office Bhubaneswar, India. Mail: tapan@ide-india.org
4.
Role of promotion strategy for introducing the MIS innovation
Abstract International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with support from The Coopernic Sustainability Fund (CSF) undertaken grant-based implementation of Scaling up Micro-Irrigation Systems (referred as SCAMPIS hereafter) in three countries with India being one of them. The (specific) main objective of the project was to improve rain fed agricultural productivity with adapted supplementary micro irrigation systems and to improve agricultural productivity with fertilization systems (Liquid Organic Fertilizer System-LOF) of smallholder farmers. It also aims to raise awareness of institutions, govt. /private companies that are working in the field of irrigated agriculture on the concept and potential benefits of MIS/LOF. The duration of the project was three years and it was implemented in two backward districts of Eastern state of Orissa, namely Gajapati and Koraput. These two districts are predominantly inhabited by tribal households. The MIS comprises of water lifting technology- Surface Treadle Pump and water application technology20 sq m and 100 sq m drip systems operating on gravitational force, while the LOF includes Vermiwash, Pot manure and Magic Tonic. The initial target for the project was set at a promotion of 14, 000 technologies (Surface Treadle Pump, Bucket Kit & Drum Kit) and 5, 000 Liquid Organic Fertilizer. International Development Enterprises (India); IDEI, (http://www.ide-india.org) was selected as leading organization of SCAMPIS India in order to ensure the proper execution of the project. IDEI has a large experience and well established reputation worldwide, as the organization has suitably and efficiently adapted Micro irrigation technologies in India since 1991 to meet the needs of poor farm families by making the technology simpler and more affordable. Over the past two decades, IDEI has reached out to over 1.2 Million small holder farm families, thereby benefitting over six million people.
IDEIs Promotional Strategy Demand creation through varied rural marketing and promotional activities have been carried out by IDEI staff for creating awareness amongst smallholders and generating sales of IDEI products. This is a critical activity under the SCAMPIS project.
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To achieve a target of promoting over 15, 000 technologies amongst smallholder households within three years time IDEI realized that effective promotional strategy is central to creating a groundswell of demand. A multitude of static and dynamic promotional tools are employed to create increased awareness of low-cost irrigation technologies. It was decided to identify most efficient dynamic activities which would be village based followed by appropriate static tools which would be simple and well communicated to the prospective families. All these activities were carried out by Business Associate places at the village level.
The promotional activities are categorised as a) Static and b) Dynamic. a) STATIC PROMOTION : The promotional tools such as leaflets/ handbills, wall paintings etc are static promotional activities. These are used in combination with the dynamic activities. They usually carry an attractive illustration/ photograph of farmer using the technology along with key details such as costs, ease of use, water discharge, gender friendliness and other characteristics written on it. It also carries contact information of the dealer on it and these basically serve as a reference point for farmers after they have been to a promotional activity. These provide support while disseminating communication package during a dynamic promotion. Advantages: Provide information on brand value Communicate customers about the profile and benefits of the technology Encourage customers decision making process Increase the knowledge of customers on technology adoption and maintenance Provide information of supply chain for convenient purchasing and after sales services of
Static promotional materials used under the program are as follows: LEAFLET: generate about leaflets the are used to awareness product/s been
have
printed. They highlight qualities operated of pump, pedal its
coverage, discharge &
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technology
usability in different crops. These are very useful in reaching out to large number of people across different locations in a go. Additionally, it makes available information about the product and contact information for sale point readily with the recipient. The leaflets are printed periodically by the SCAMPIS Office basis requisitions from the area office.
BANNER: are normally used during the peak sales season. These are usually made of cloth or flex. . These are given to dealers operating from relatively larger rural permanent markets and they provide good visibility. The banners should have the name and address of dealer on it. Banner on synthetic sheets are used for longer usage. Generic banners are used on short campaign vehicles, during large farmer meetings, exhibitions, haat/village demonstration. The flex banners are mostly used on short campaign vehicles since they have a longer life and the cloth banners are used on other occasions.
POSTER: have very short life span, hence should be very occasionally used. Posters may have information regarding
system, its dealer point etc. These should again be used during peak sale season as recall tools. Posters are mostly used to push sales during a particular time period, or for a particular crop which is most popular in the area. Pasted at dealer location, common meeting areas (panchayat office after getting required permission), tea shops etc, they become effective tools for achieving instant queries.
WALL-PAINTING: Wall Painting is a tool for recall and it helps where there is competition from low grade low price material. Wall paintings should be done on walls near busy roads, intersections and public places. Ideally the height of the base of painting should be 10 feet above ground level as it ensures
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good visibility. A fixed format for paintings is followed, which leads to better recall. The shops of major dealers should also be painted for visibility in the market place also for point of sale recall.
KB STALLS: During the demonstrations and while participating in large fairs, it is important to have a branded space which can be recognised by all. Keeping this factor in mind IDEI has produced KB branded stalls (canopies) which carry messages in the regional language about the technology being used in the area as well as its benefits. Colourful pictures attract people to the stall.
DEALER BOARD: IDEI provides dealer board to all its regular dealers. The design of dealer board is fixed and the same standards are maintained across all areas. The name of dealer for dealer board is recommended by field & area office. The field office should ensure that the board is properly installed at a prominent place on the front of dealer shop and it does not get covered by any other board or material.
SAP BOOKLET: IDEI along with the development and dissemination of low-cost irrigation technologies, Sustainable Agriculture has become the mainstay of its smallholder development programme. IDEI has identified several Sustainable Agriculture Practices like Vermi Wash, Pot Manure and Magic Tonic which are promoted among farmers. A booklet on SAP is being developed and circulated to the staff and Village Base Mechanics of SCAMPIS programme, local NGOs, Govt. Institutions, Private agencies to raise awareness, interest and demand for its use and benefits among the smallholders in the SCAMPIS programme areas.
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Break up of Static Promotional Activities conducted during the programme: Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Item Banner Poster Leaflets Product Brochures KB Stickers Wall Paintings Dealer Board Progressive farmer Board Conducted 685 5, 000 40, 000 3, 000 6, 225 4446 sft 12 20
b) DYNAMIC PROMOTIONS: IDEI focuses on direct and activity based promotion also called Dynamic Promotion. These communication tools are ones in which a one to one communication is established between the promoter and customer as in case of Farmers meeting. The interactive nature of direct communication enables it to be more effective as it not only disseminates desired information but also goes much beyond that by answering queries generated by primary information generation. Advantages:
Increase the confidence level of the customer on performance of the technology Address all the customers quarries on spot Provide knowledge to the customer regarding easy maintenance of technology Create platform for potential buyer for taking positive purchase decision
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Create awareness among the rural customers on technology adoption
IDEI conducts the following Dynamic Activities:
FARMER MEETING: During the interaction at the haat, mela and other gatherings, the BAs are able to identify the locations where farmers may be interested in knowing more about the technology. Taking cue from the queries raised, a farmers meeting is organised where in (mostly along with demonstration), further details are provided about the technology. Installers, local opinion leaders play a key role during such meetings. These are an excellent forum that allow for a one-on-one discussion with farmers and helps them better understand about the technologies. Especially under the programme it was felt that women must be encouraged and motivated to attend the meeting. Women staff, from local partners as well plays an important role in encouraging women from villages to participate. The timing of meeting should be kept to encourage their attendance. An effort is made to identify and motivate progressive farmer in the village, convince him about KB technology and encourage him to speak about how he perceives the system and its benefits. Prior intimation about the meeting and relaying information about key topics to be covered to farmers ensures good attendance.
Proposed Sequence of discussion 1. The person conducting farmers meeting should introduce the organization: purpose, objectives, activities & impact 2. IDEI technologies and its use/benefits etc with demonstration. Questions from participant farmers are encouraged; these aid deeper understanding 3. Cultivation practices in the area, commonly grown crops, irrigation systems (this is ideally the last point. The farmers would otherwise move out post learning about better crop practices) The area office should develop a skeleton of contents that needs to be covered during farmer meeting. Ideally there should be no snacks, tea/coffee served in the meeting as it often generates presence which is more interested in such hospitalities than the matters of meeting. It also increases cost of meeting which can be avoided. A leaflet containing information about IDEI technologies with local contact phone number and address of the IDEI staff and dealer should be
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distributed in the meeting. A banner could be used along with the commonly used slogan for better future recall.
SHORT CAMPAIGNS (JEEP AND AUTO RICKSHAW CAMPAIGN): These are two to three days campaigns that are conducted in a location. It involves spreading information about technology through public address system along with distribution of leaflets. Normally a vehicle is used for the purpose for covering larger area. The selection of vehicle depends upon the terrain and proximity of villages. In places where villages are nearby one may hire three wheelers or even bicycle or cycle rickshaw. The bicycle or cycle rickshaw puller can be given a brief about the product for interacting with the farmers. A women campaigner with rickshaw puller always draws more queries from the lady farmers. In places where distance among villages is longer, one hires a four wheeler. These are costly but cover much larger area hence giving almost same outreach/cost benefit. The vehicles move in the area spreading the message about pump/drip kit. They stop at important places in a village and also answer the queries if any. They carry with them leaflet about pump/drip kit which are distributed among the farmers who enquire about the system. The villages where more farmers show interest in pump/drip kits are shortlisted for farmer meeting in new areas. However, in old areas too short campaigns provide a good effective tool for recall of product and brand. The primary purpose of a Jeep or Rickshaw campaign is to generate outreach, awareness, and buzz. Generally one microphone and sound system accompanies the campaign to broadcast the benefits of the KB technology.
VILLAGE DEMONSTRATION: This activity involves showing operation of pump/drip kit in a new village. It is always very important to show technologies in operation. These technologies are new products for farmers and it is difficult for them to comprehend its effectiveness and utility only by listening or reading about it. By demonstrating the way the pump operates generates confidence in the prospective buyers. Usually in a village, pump is installed on an existing open well.
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HAAT DEMONSTRATION: In case of haat demonstration the pump is installed on open well if the well is nearby otherwise the demonstration takes place with the help of drum or utensil. In the haat, the big umbrella or flex stall could also be placed to attract crowds and create brand recall. Product leaflet should be distributed during haat demo and a public address system should be used. It is important to note the name, phone number (if any), and name of the village of those farmers who make specific enquiries during the haat demonstration. This list acts as a guide while selecting villages for farmer meeting and other follow ups.
FARMER EXPOSURE: Farmers exposure is a very effective tool as it adheres to seeing is believing. Here a group of farmers are taken to the field of another farmer where pump/kit has already been installed/ in use on a crop. The group of farmers get an opportunity to interact with the user farmers besides observing the system in use. It is held only after farmers have been through a farmers meeting. In locations where a number of systems have already been installed farmers exposure can be avoided, as often involves significant expenditure and working hours. It is advisable to visit a local area as it not only saves time but also gives more credibility as the conditions will be similar in the demo plots and that of the potential customers. It leads to the fact that farmers exposure should always be conducted in the areas similar to the target area. While organizing the farmers exposure, care should always be taken about their social and cultural norms. The percentage of farmers covered through farmers exposure purchasing the system is fairly high compared to other tools.
DEMONSTRATION PLOTS: In areas where pump is not known or has not been installed in visible numbers one should go for demonstration plots. Usually a progressive farmer from the locality is identified and convinced about usefulness of the pump. The system once installed on such
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fields is used as demonstration plot. Proper care & hand holding is provided for the use of technology & the crop for better results & its demonstration effect. As far as possible the demonstration plot should be near a frequently used road. A KB board should be put up on the field giving information about the demonstration plot like its size, crop, and date of installation, name of promoting organization and local contact number of personnel / dealer. These demonstration plots help in establishing credibility of the product and also in educating farmers about the product, its usage and maintenance. The demonstration plots are used during farmer exposures. The demonstration plots should be arranged on targeted crops in the area. One should also go for various demonstration plots for different products if required. The farmer should be motivated to bear the cost of system installed on his field for demonstration plot. Giving free or highly subsidized system for demonstration plot runs the risk of poor maintenance and failure of system. Number of demonstration plots depends on the geographical area being covered, similarity in agriculture condition in the area, transportation facilities and crop types cultivated in the area which are suitable for KB pump.
MELA / EXHIBITION: In rural areas there are often local fairs and exhibitions. These attract a large number of farmers from even a little far away villages. Hence these provide good platform to promote pumps/kits. The team first visits the mela area to select proper location for stall. All mela should have public address system to pull lots of people/ crowd to the stall. The field office along with local supply chain member can have stalls in the fair for promotion. A running model of system is demonstrated on the stall and leaflets distributed. One should also have some stocks also for sale. The important next step to such stall is recording of all queries generated and their follow up by the promotional team in their villages. Using the KB branded stall in such exhibitions would draw larger crowds and create brand recall.
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VIDEO VAN SHOW: IDEI has its own video vans with projector, screen and generator. During daytime the van undertakes campaigning and while announcing the place and timing of the video show in the areas from where the villagers are expected to come to watch the film. At times one may have to get administrative clearance for organizing such a show. The location of video van show village should be such that villagers from nearby villages can also easily come and go after the show. Same stands true for timing of show. It should be fixed as per season, earlier in winters, convenience of farmers and especially the women who should be free from their daily works by that time. The video show should not be too long as farmers may not have that much time, also longer shows may lose attention of audience. IDEI produces its own films for shows. It attracts villagers to the show and also the attention of audience is better. Ideally a video show could be of 60-75 minutes duration.
Break up of Dynamic Promotional Activities conducted during the program: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Activity Farmer Meeting Village Demonstration Haat Demonstration Short Campaign Farmer Exposure Mela Demonstration Video showing farmer success Achieve 3,958 1,184 179 129 92 3 1
Conclusion Considering the unique characteristics of the segment in the potential market for micro irrigation systems IDEI has developed the static & dynamic promotional activities. Target customers are the small landholding tribal farmers who are either using the traditional devices for micro irrigation or not using anything. To impart a conceptual change in their age old practices considering their literacy/ knowledge level and adaptability standard IDEI focused more on the process of direct communication with them. Hence more stress was given on dynamic promotional activities. The micro irrigation systems developed by IDEI was positioned as the most appropriate for rural small land holding farmers who needs simple & almost zero maintenance irrigation devices Vs other
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competitive products. In all these activities the person involved plays a vital role. The attachment with the tribal people makes sense of belongingness and the growing acceptance level with the organization finally converted to their desire for the product. Initial awareness created by Video Van Show and Short campaigns slowly generates their desire to possess one. This desire to have the product is consolidated by Haat Demonstration and Village Demonstration. At the last stage the Business Associate makes a close contact with the prospective farmer and there the sale is clinched. All promotional activities carried out by IDEI made tremendous impact in scaling up Micro Irrigation Systems and Liquid Organic Fertilizer among tribal farmers of two backward districts of Odisha. All these farmers have not only increased their income but also provide good education to their children and better medical facilities for their families.
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5.
Scaling up of micro-irrigation systems Integrating MIS in Indian National Programme for Livelihood improvement: complexity and opportunities
Susanta Nanda, Programme Director & CEO, Odisha Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Programme (OTELP). Mail: susanta@otelp.org
Abstract: Rain fed agriculture is the main source of livelihoods of 62 different tribes, residing in the Eastern State of India in Odisha. Water being the most limiting factor for agriculture production, erratic rainfall has been the major reason for a stagnating farm yield, consequential poverty and food insecurity across the tribal belt. Against this backdrop, the SCAMPIS project has effectively demonstrated MIS as a new technology to the tribal farmers, with significant water and energy savings adding to the income and food security at the household level. The learning from SCAMPIS, the technology demonstrated by Jharkhand State Livelihoods Promotion Society (JSLPS) and the funding opportunity provided in two of the India National Programmes have helped OTELP to scale up MIS as a sustainable livelihood for the poor tribal farmers. It envisages using gravity based / low pressure drip irrigation system for commercial vegetable cultivation on raised beds for increase farm productivity with an assured yearly income enough to enable rural poor to overcome poverty. The article describes the approach, strategy and technology adopted by OTELP in scaling of the MIS. This is likely to impact the lives of 5000 households to come out the poverty in the shortest possible time.
Introduction The Eastern State of Odisha in India has the 3rd largest concentration of tribal population in the country. 62 different tribes, accounting for 22.13% of the total population of the state numbering at 81,45,081 live mostly in hilly and forest regions spread across the state. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in these areas with settled and shifting cultivation accounting for the majority of the income. Potential of water resource is very poorly developed. Thus, rain fed agriculture has been the mainstay of agricultural activity for the tribals. As a result, more than
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80% of the cultivable area is mono-cropped with a stagnating yield. Since water is the most limiting factor for agriculture production, erratic distribution of rainfall has been one of the major reasons for poverty and consequential food insecurity in these areas. Vast majority of the farmers own small land holdings and dont apply fertilizers and pesticides. Under such situation, experience of use of low cost water lifting equipment / machineries along with liquid organic fertilizers have proved to be very effective for small land holding to give additional family income. The experience gained through such intervention under SCAMPIS7 (Scaling up of Micro irrigation System) Project in Odisha Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods programme (OTELP)8 have incited to up-scale MIS (Micro Irrigation System) as a source of livelihoods by converging with National Programme of National Mission and Micro Irrigation (NMMI)9 with objective to assist thousands of tribal families to come out of the poverty.
LESSONS LEARNT UNDER SCAMPIS Odisha Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Programme (OTELP) started in 2004 as a Multi Donor Externally Aided Project in seven tribal districts in south western Odisha to ensure food security. SCAMPIS India Project started since 1st April, 2009 in two pilot districts where OTELP was operating. The Project focused to improve water availability through Micro Irrigation System (MIS) and application of liquid organic fertilizers for increased productivity of agricultural crops in 265 villages covering 10,000 households. Till now, 11,905 household have been covered in 469 villages which
1. SCAMPIS This programme support by IFAD started in two pilot districts namely Koraput & Gajapati in Odisha, India since 01.04.2009 and continued till 31.03.2012. The project focuses to improve water availability with MIS & applications of liquid organic fertilisers for increase of productivity of Agriculture crops. OTELP Odisha Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Programme (OTELP) assisted by IFAD, DFID & WFP is being implemented since 2004-05 in 7 southern tribal districts of Odisha, India. The programme aims to ensure tribal livelihoods & food security of poor tribal households are sustainably improved. NMMI Mission was launched and funded by GoI since June, 2010 to boost convergence of micro irrigation activities under major Govt. programme for increasing water use, efficiency, productivity and farms income.
2.
3.
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demonstrated the effectiveness of MIS in enhancing the food security and income of the tribal population. SCAMPIS Project promoted 20 liter bucket kit and 200 liter capacity drum kit with micro tube emitters to irrigate 20 square meter and 100 square meter area respectively. Small land holding farmers were able to take advantage of this for growing vegetable as an additional source of income. The Project demonstrated significant water and energy savings and use of a new technology in the tribal areas. The impacts and learnings from the same are as follows: a. Mostly MIS was used in vegetable crops. Vegetable area increased by 10 -15% after use of this technology which was earlier kept fallow. Besides new crops like ginger, capsicum and spine gourd have been introduced in the areas where MIS is operating. b. Cropping season increased due to increase in water use efficiency by using MIS, resulting in increase of fruiting time of the vegetables. Average yield of vegetables increased by 10 %. c. Quality of vegetables improved significantly and fetched a higher rate in the market. d. Small land holding farmers / landless in their backyards have grown vegetables and have got income of Rs 20/- to Rs 50/-per week (on an average Rs 150/- per month) by selling vegetables in the nearby weekly markets after meeting their own requirement. They purchase their grocery items from the weekly market out of above income. Consumption of vegetable for these landless was a difficult proposition prior to introduction of above technology. e. There is positive impact on the health due to consumption of fresh vegetables by the tribal and is likely to have a dent on the prevalent malnutrition of the area.
Scaling up through convergence

Since SCAMPIS Project targeted small areas giving limited income, taking up commercial vegetable cultivation through this intervention as a livelihoods measure was a difficult proposition. But from the experiences gained from SCAMPIS project and from the learnings of commercial vegetable cultivation taken up in the near by state by Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS), a scaling up approach was adopted in OTELP areas using gravity based/low pressure drip irrigation system for commercial vegetable cultivation on raised beds for increased farm
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productivity of tribal farmers with an assured yearly income of Rupees 30,000-50,000 from 5001000 sq. m. of area. This has created sustainable livelihood opportunities for the poor tribal to overcome poverty. The constraints of up scaling has been taken care as below, to make it a sustainable one by integrating with two of the Indian national programme which provided the biggest opportunity for up scaling: 1. Drip irrigation round pipes are LLDP (Liquid low density poly ethylene) having inline dripper unlike lay flat pipe with micro tube in case of SCAMIS micro irrigation system. Drip irrigation pipes can withstand variable pressure unlike SCAMPIS and are more durable. 2. The SCAMPIS Project was implemented in limited areas and was demonstrative in nature. In contrast, the up scaling plan is for commercial vegetable cultivation in more areas. 3. 90% of the cost of the lifting equipments of MIS came as a grant in SCAMPIS Project and upscaling of the same once the Project was over became difficult in terms of funding. Taking advantage of provision of 80% subsidy in Drip kits under NMMI (National Mission on Micro Irrigation in India) for the tribal farmers, the funding issue was addressed to a substantial degree.
Poly Nursery managed by women Self Helf Group in Digamala villag in Kandhamal district
(National Horticulture Mission) and RKVY11 (Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) for poly nursery in up scaling the project. The approach followed by JSLPS12 has been adopted to focus on tribal farmers and the women Self Help Groups to earn enough in the fallowing ways:
4. th
NHM Mission was launched and funded by GoI since 10 plan to promote holistic growth of Horticulture sector in different states of India.
5.
RKVY Scheme was launched and funded by GoI since 2007-08 to incentivise different states to draw of plan for holistic development of their Agriculture & allied sectors for achieving 4% annual growth in Agriculture sector.
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4. Advantage was also taken for availing 50 -75% subsidies (depending on size) under NHM10
Providing an efficient irrigation (water) management technology that empowers farmers to overcome drought situations.
Maximizing the reach and impact of existing irrigation and water harvesting initiatives already taken up in OTELP, like Check Dams, Diversion based Irrigation Systems, Ponds, Well etc.
Ensuring a regular income mechanism a round the year cash flow system for the farmer. Thus, Enabling Rural Poor to Overcome Poverty.
Through this approach, it is expected that increased farm productivity will generate an annual income enough to take them above the poverty line. The following strategies are envisaged: a. Beneficiaries - a wide range of beneficiaries will be included but the preference will be given to the poorest of the poor in the village. b. Implementation areas of micro-irrigation will be introduced in all the programme districts of OTELP. New districts, which until now were not covered under SCAMPIS, will learn and capitalize the Koraput and Gajapati experiences c. The OTELP will add another MIS technology installation i.e. low pressure/ gravity based Drip irrigation for vegetable cultivation on raised beds and linking a group of minimum 25 farmers in a village to one poly nursery (for raising seedlings) to be exclusively managed by women self help groups.
already existent in place, enables OTELP to provide technical and marketing support at village level independently. e. Considering the dimension of the Scaling-up strategy, OTELP will hire persons already engaged in this program for the implementation of field activities & supervision. f. A different subsidies strategy compared to the SCAMPIS Project will be introduced by
OTELP. It foresees a possibility for differentiated level of subsidies at the beginning. After the first
Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society, UNDP Supported Livelihood Promotion Strategies Project implemented by Government of Jharkhand, India
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d. Good institutional support as well as an articulated body of technicians and experts
phase of subsidies, a system of revolving funds available under RFS (Rural Financial Services) placed in the programme Villages of OTELP will be introduced as a loan component which the farmer will be able to recover in one or two seasons. At the first stage of the scaling up, subsidies cannot be completely withdrawn. The revolving funds could be an appropriate method to guarantee the sustainability and not to compromise the technologies, market chain (manufacturers/retailers/services for distribution) already in place in most of the Odisha districts. Technologies introduced 1. Low Pressure gravity based drip irrigation system is installed on the raised beds of 500-1000 sq. m. of areas for commercial vegetable cultivation. Drip
irrigation uses specially designed pipes pre-fitted with advanced drippers. This discharges the exact amount of water and nutrients that crops need right at the root zone. Thus, every drop of water is effectively used to raise quality and increase yearround yields. 2. Pressure compensated drip liner ensures uniform discharge of water in undulating lands ensuring uniform crop size and yield. 3. Water lifting arrangement from the available source to the tank will be made by pump sets or by peddle pump depending on the energy availability. The Village Development Committee (VDC)13 in the programme areas of OTELP in many places owns pump in Agriculture Resource Centres and can effectively give the same on rent to individual farmers to reduce the financial burden. 4. To cater the needs of a cluster of 25 farmers in one village, a Poly Nursery will be established with collapsible shed net screens under the root. This will take care of the favorable growth of
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Village Development Committee: A Committee of the villagers situated in one Micro Watershed covering approximately 500 hectares of area.
younger seedlings which can also be better protected against pests and diseases and other environmental calamities. The Present Up-scaling Plan Productivity & profitability from vegetable
cultivation is increased by use of low pressure drip irrigation system as compared to traditional flood irrigation. These Gravity fed Pressure Compensated Drip System require low energy (can operate with paddle pumps where there is no electricity). Pressure Compensated (PC) drip liners unlike other drip lines, works on very low pressure ranges and maintain uniform discharge at the emitter. The farmers are benefited from uniform crop size. Under high rainfall condition, raised bed (30-45 cm high) techniques can give better yield compared to traditional ridge and furrow system. Permanent raised beds of 90 cm width made of a mixture of sand, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and soil is dug out on the entire cultivation area with 30 cm inter-bed spacing for drainage and movement. Raised bed system allows for better soil arability and supports healthy root system. One farmer can easily manage 500-1000 M2 area cropping without depending on outside labour. One homestead well is adequate to provide water resource for the above area for entire year. The system prevents water run-off, deep percolation, leaching and soil erosion, maximizes water and fertilizer efficiency and easy for operation and maintenance. 2600 tomato plants can produce 10 tons yield / 4800 cabbage plants can produce 7.5 tons yield from an area of 1000 M 2 through use of low pressure drip irrigation system. 14 The MIS technology is implemented in 6 programme districts of OTELP covering 1626 farmers during 2012-13. Out of above 1626 farmers, 1500 farmers from Nawarangpur, Koraput, Rayagada & Kandhamal districts have been linked to vegetable cooperatives. Each farmer will grow vegetables round the year in an area of 500- 1000 M2 with assured irrigation and installation of low pressure drip irrigation system. Poly houses will be constructed by the women SHGs after availing 75% subsidy from Government for raising of quality seedlings. Each poly house will cater
Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society, GoJ-UNDP Supported Livelihood Promotion Strategies Project Rural
Development Department, Government of Jharkhand, India
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the need of seedlings for 25 farmers. The cooperatives will supply agro inputs to the farmers at door step, facilitate capacity building of farmers on scientific cultivation of vegetables and marketing of produce collectively after sorting and grading. The programme aims to cover 5000 poor tribal famers in next 2 years which will take them out of poverty in the shortest possible time. The marketing Strategy Poor marketing of vegetables in India is one of the major reason for fluctuating consumer prices as well as cause for substantial wastage. There is significant loss of quality and severe mismatch between the supply and demand. The co-operatives taking up vegetable cultivation will
collectivize and aggregate vegetables at different points for better marketing. The produce will be graded, packed and stored in scientific manner to be despatched to the demand areas. The co-operatives have entered into an agreement with Surendra Agro Tech a private firm dealing with vegetable supply in urban areas to market
their surplus produce. The agro climate of OTELP districts are suitable for production of off season vegetables and can fetch a higher price providing huge commercial gain to the farmers.
Conclusion On the basis of learning experience from
another MIS system (Low Pressure Gravity based Drip irrigation) for commercial vegetable cultivation. The expected outcomes are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Increase farm productivity with sufficient income to overcome poverty and food insecurity. Reduced distress migration through off farm and on farm activities. Enhancing the price of farm products through post harvest management and market linkages. Adding commercial vegetable cultivation as a livelihood options in the tribal belt. Learning in implementation of this MIS will provide quality inputs in formulation of livelihood intervention in addressing poverty.
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SCAMPIS Project, OTELP has introduced
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Micro-enterprise for MIS the born and the consolidation of Innovagri
Randriambelo Lova Tovonantsoa, Innovagri, Madagascar. Mail: Lova.innovagri@yahoo.fr
Abstract As part of our contribution to rural development and improving farmers income, the SCAMPIS project develops manufacturing and supply chains of micro irrigation kits . This technology can be used in all types of agriculture and is supplied to the farmers though the enterprise INNOVAGRI and ULAM. Besides reducing the time needed for irrigation, these materials also reduce the amount of insecticide by his through self-management. With the existing problem of water scarcity continuously faced by the farmers, INNOVAGRI stands as an actor to take up the challenge of improving farmers livelihood and at the same time become a stable enterprise. Financial assistance from potential donors would boost activities implemented though the partnership SCAMPIS - INNOVAGRI and would have a beneficial impacts in improving the lives of households and farmers.
Introduction In Madagascar, 75% of the population is rural and water is essential for agriculture. One major problem is the poor water management that brings to poor yield. Therefore, the micro-irrigation system was introduced in the country in 1980. From 2009, the SCAMPIS project has revitalized and disseminated the use
of MIS introducing kits imported from India, to establish a suitable solution to water scarcity problem. In 2012 started a collaboration between the SCAMPIS project and INNOVAGRI and with it has been established a new local manufacture of MIS equipment improved and adapted to the local context
Through this partnership, a production line was started. The partnership look at the same time at the sustainability of the production at manufacturing level and at the farmers satisfaction in adopting the technology.
Water problem in Madagascar General problem In hydrology, Madagascar is sufficiently supplied with water either in terms of groundwater but they are irregularly distributed geographically and during the seasons of the year.
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and needs at an affordable for small producers.
The control of water helps to reduce human poverty (improvement of living conditions and health through access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene) and poverty (contribution to the development of means of agriculture economic production).
Water problem of producers
Management and maintenance of networks of measurement, observation and monitoring are very expensive. Thus they are sometimes neglected. They are rehabilitated in the strategic areas for protection against floods, drought and agriculture. The farmers, among the main users of water, should be educated and sensitized to the problems of water. Indeed, the lack of knowledge on micro-irrigation in the country continues the tradition of ancient irrigation culture. They depend entirely on rain. They waste the well water for watering In some places, they often collect water far away from their plots, from fivers or canals,
loosing a lot of time. Furthermore it is difficult to find water during the dry season. This cause the rising cost of production because they have to pay third parties to get water.
Production line INNOVAGRI
The company aims to manufacture and sale agricultural inputs and equipment, to import materials for the manufacture MIS, be
Madagascar. Leaders M. Lova Tovonantsoa RANDRIAMBELO, Manager, Agricultural Technician GSM: 034 16 374 60 Personal business management Recruitment and management of permanent and temporary staff Support for development of partnerships
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involved in the agricultural sector and rural development in
M. Tiavina Heriniaina RAFENOMAMPIANINA, Operations Manager GSM: 034 91 287 91 Animation and Control of Operations Support for personnel management of the company Support for animation and control of operations Manager (01) Accounting Manager (01) Operations Manager (01) ULAM (Local Unit of the Assembly Materials) (03) Specialized labor (05) Temporary labor (15) Our beginnings INNOVAGRI began with a farmers association called LORITI in March 2009. Every season LORITI cultivated tomatoes of 1 acres. At this time we have encountered problems in water due to climate change. Therefore, we expected to find the solution by hiring people for manual irrigation every two days. This created a heavy burden to the association; members began to think at how to alleviate the costs. In this moment we got in contact with Scampis during a demonstration in October 2009, we put in practice on our cultivation drip technology developed manually by us Hydro geologist responsible (01) Responsible agronomic (01)
The organization chart
that turned out to be a failure, we used the plastic bag white with a port (PVC T) at each
plant. As we were beginners, we ignored the following facts: Photosynthesis Problem sealing Failure in diameter
We talked about our home-made drip system to Scampis coordinator who supported our efforts and offered their partnership. With Scampis, we found that the kit imported from India had some
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limitations so, with "Tanety" Malagasy, and together we tried to adapt the MIS kits to le local caratheristics and needs. Realization Collaboration with SCAMPIS: 2010, start the kits production and identification of necessary improvements to face problems encountered during fabrication and installation of MIS 2011, dispatching and collection entrusted to INNOVAGRI by SCAMPIS Compared to this stage, we could see the reality on the ground, which lead to the creation of the Local Unit of the Assembly Material (ULAM ) The ULAM assembles the kits sent by the manufacturer, meets the dealers orders of their region, and both can act as dealer. 2012, opening on INNOVAGRI partners other than SCAMPIS. INNOVAGRI provides modest financial support in the SCAMPIS a certain percentage of the price of the kits. This is intended to empower the long term. Strengths, challenges, opportunities and risks Strengths - INNOVAGRI, pioneer in manufacturing: we can still make innovations on micro-irrigation system in Madagascar. - Regular Suppliers: credit up to a month or more. - Corporate Partners. - Market kits very open and farmers were already aware of water problems. - Creation of ULAM (Units Locales dAssemblage des Matriels) Opportunities Challenges - Funding problems: enlargement of INNOVAGRI scale is constrained by too much interest from the bank. - Problems in the import of raw materials: vannette and lateral pipes (solved by obtaining an extruder and one injector). - Company away from self: margin benefit is felt only when ordered kits are a significant number. Risks
- Sustainable financing: Opportunity to open the - Difficulty of product protection by patent domestic market or international product application (easy to imitate). cheaper in the world to date. - Questioning manufacture kits by law in the - Installation possible regional. making of the Malagasy State Ban on import of - Export demand for bio. plastic products (plastic sheath: the main - Import of raw materials possible (depending component of the kit) on their status).
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Impacts of the implementation of the production line Exchange between successful farmers and users of INNOVAGRI kits microEconomy irrigation system. Creating employment within INNOVAGRI by hiring a dozen people. Economic spinoffs in the region Vakinankaratra: job creation through ULAM Valuation of land farmed. Existence of chemicals Environment Reduction of chemical fertilizer Stabilization of soil structure Reduction and water erosion due to irrigation Increase in production Production Creation ULAM Household Reduced cost of production Facilitation of dispatching and collection Recognition of visually specific demands of the peasants.
Saves time: farmers can focus on other activities. Improvement of farmers' income. Possibility to go to school for children.
Conclusion The partnership between INNOVAGRI and SCAMPIS should be encouraged and supported by central government through the Ministry of Agriculture. This action contributes to the fight against
survival of the human race. The micro-irrigation improves the living conditions of farmers who see their financial situation and stabilize their lives more manageable, benefiting manufacturers. INNOVAGRI would be grateful to partners, local or foreigner, who would like to strengthen the expertise, the know-how in micro-irrigation through training. With its means possibly granted by donors, farmers in other regions may benefit from training and awareness and ULAM could be implanted in each region.
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mismanagement of water in Madagascar, although is essential to agriculture that ensures the
7.
Breaking the small farmers vicious cycle of debts through micro-irrigation systems
Fenomanantsoa Andriamanalina, Scampis Madagascar project coordinator, AVSF, Madagascar. Mail: f.andriamanalina@avsf.org
Arivonimamo district which particularized by the importance of the number of chronically indebted poor farmers Arivonimamo is one of the three districts of the Region of Itasy, a zone who the SCAMPIS Project intervene at its start in 2009. It has an agriculture difficult climatic conditions, in particular, lack of water and poor soil fertility. Indeed, Arivonimamo is the driest place in all areas of intervention of SCAMPIS. The soil is rich of iron and very poor in organic components. With inadequate hydro agricultural infrastructure, the production of small farmers, especially of rice is greatly affected by this situation. To face this situation, farmers diversified their activities; they have small livestock, produce crops and vegetables after the rice season, especially tomatoes. This last is cultivated after the harvest in rice fields (low land) where water constraints are less important. This alternative does not resolve the problems of poor farmers who have no rice parcels. Indeed, the district of Arivonimamo know a very unequal access to land which is, in general, managed by the descendants of the first migrants who are often the most influent. The division of plots by the heirs (fragmentation of family farms) leads to social and family conflicts and aggravates the impoverishment of households.
The season of tomatoes production faces problem of
price, because during this season, most of the farmers in the region produce all the same product, and this depresses the prices, that lose 2/3 of their price during the
production peak. The strategies of the poor and moderately poor households to overcome the poverty not very effective: they use shared cropping, agricultural labour, early sale of crops, loan from money
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lenders or microfinance institution.
They expose themselves to the vicious cycle of
debt.
Indeed, sharecropping greatly reduces the income of operators at two-thirds and continuously exposed to this mode to enforce. The microfinance institution is less common, due to the nonaccessible conditions, judged too high interest rates and, especially, access and recovery procedures not adapted to the financial needs of vulnerable families, who use the money for emergencies (health, death, inputs, education of their children...). Another strategy, the use of agricultural labour, also constitutes a form of debt by households. Indeed, many poor families borrow money from wealthy families under stress to work for the benefit of the latter. Same is true for the case of the early sale crops because households sell the latter in exchange for an advance which can be regarded as a credit. The length of the period of welding and malnutrition exacerbate social inequality, as well as affecting the health and, therefore, force, only real capital of the poor. To meet their basic needs and mitigate the welding, the poor rely on reduction of the amount of rice consumed per day, the suspension of the education of the children, the demand for help from families living outside the community... Tsinjoina, and the Ursulines Community, partners working to eradicate the chronic indebtedness of small farmers It is in this context that the Association of farmers Tsinjoaina was established in 2000, in the Roman Catholic Church. Having covered several areas, Tsinjoaina has as its main objective, out the families from this vicious circle of debt. Its strategy is to improve the income of the members through the improvement of their production process and to help them in order to implement the solidarity funds. A fund consists of a network of 7 to 15 families who can use the funds as an alternative recourse to borrowing in case emergency needs (diseases, education...) and investment in farms. The Association received financial support from the Action Carme Suisse (Switzerland) for animation and support of networks of farmers in the constitution, the management and the strengthening of these funds. These activities are provided by volunteer animators who are
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compensated. On average, an animator support four networks of farmers, so four solidarity funds. The district of Arivonimamo had 48 networks, led by 11 animators. The Community of the Sisters of the Ursulines is one of the first partners of the Association Tsinjoaina. This Community helps several families in difficulties in its center in Arivonimamo, in providing them some land for production. It has developed at the disposal of the association, a part of his land (as a site for demonstration and training for farmers), and gives one of its members a facilitator (as the 18 of the Tsinjoaina) what is the sister Antoinette. She also manages the Microirrigation demonstration site. With his from age 50, sister Antoinette who has a conviction on assistance to young people from age 50, did not refuse this responsibility. In October 2009, the Community experienced drip irrigation with the test of imported materials made by SCAMPIS Project. Indeed, the project team had come contact the Community to implement some kits in its demonstration site. Sister Antoinette agreed to take the kits and has followed with interest the demonstration. Satisfied of the interests of this innovation, the Community decided to continue the demonstration with kits manufactured locally in the Center, while introducing innovation to Tsinjoaina networks that are placed under his animation. Difficult start of the integration of the SMI in the Association Tsinjoaina In 2010, the start of the introduction of the IMS in the networks of farmers Tsinjoaina experienced some major difficulties. Indeed, the donor of the Association has decided to stop its funding. The animators were more so the compensation received. A few began looking for other activities. In addition, the main targets of the Association are vulnerable families who do not have the means to buy the hardware resellers. Most of them raised their concerns on the steal of kits in the fields.
Discontinuation of funding for animators developed Sister Antoinette in embarrassment, which led him to abandon the idea of introducing innovation to Tsinjoaina members. But after, she has negotiated a special rate with the SCAMPIS/AVSF project. The projet gave farmers a price equivalent to a third of the price on the market (5 000 AR or 1.9 EUR), as financial support for the vulnerable. The project has still decided to offer revenue recovery Association which should reuse to compensate the 11 animators. On the request of Sister Antoinette, the facilitator of the project has strengthened them in animation and formation of members.
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Some of them have refused to take the material, let alone to commit to pay.
Thus, 45 irrigation drip for 50 m kits have been distributed to farmers who have used with tomato and green bean. The sister Antoinette ensured follow-up/animation of at least 60% of the beneficiaries. Most of the farmers have all honor their debts in the solidarity funds, and no steal of kits is observed. In 2011, with this progress, the Association decided to strengthen its marketing kits to its members. During the dry season tomato prices has slowed to encourage farmers to buy the kits and with the support of SCAMPIS/AVSF technician, Sister Antoinette sought a vegetable dealer who agrees to take the vegetables. She found someone who promised to take the green bean of the Association with an attractive price.
Sister Antoinette has negotiated this idea
to the nearest reseller (Office IMANASOA) who accepted. As the number of kits for sale is important, the sister decided to reinforce the three animators by itself the animation into the more remote villages in the district with displacement to feet. The result of the sale of kits is important because the Association could sell kits to 192 members, of which 82 are poor families which have no rice. The peasants have increased at more than twice their production (beangreen). Indeed, with this period and habitual picking technique, they could make up to 9-10 pickups instead of 3 pickups only.
However, farmers met with problems because the dealer failed in his promise to purchase their products. Farmers were forced to sell their products in the local market. This situation has
The experience of Tsinjoaina has showed another facet of the interests of drip irrigation, who allowed farmers who have no rice or other type of production.
Sister Antoinette has not abandoned. She sought another licensee and found an NGO
(MAMPITASOA) who buys pimento (pili pili varietie) by agreeing to sign contracts with the producers. Speculation change done hesitate many peasants, but in July, 15 of them have already signed contracts with the MAMPITASOA NGO, which has been gradually increasing the number of new farmers who produce with drip irrigation.
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discouraged many farmers who have not had the expected results.
Sister Antoinette has not hidden its concern on the development of the use of the micro-irrigation after the completion of SCAMPIS, of after it, the risks are not only on the increase in prices of materials, but also on the absence of the animation of the producers. This year, after 8 years in the Community, Sister Antoinette would be affected in another region. This situation caused much concern among the peasants. But after discussion with his superior, his assignment is still delayed, which will still allow it to continue the story with the SMI. The SCAMPIS/AVSFs team think that without husband and children, Sister Antoinette considers poor producers as his own family, which inspired him to cross all obstacles to help them out of poverty.
We always met difficulties, perhaps also because we are not the true professionals in this matter. I don't know what we are doing today will bring to these farmers. But I am sure that as our experiments in dripirrigation, the change from the usual practice will change many things. If seeking a solution, found the still. The problem is the fact of not looking. Before, these farmers were afraid to use the kits because of theft. Today, they have more cited this concern. Sister Antoinette, with the facilitators.
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8.
Scaling up micro-irrigation systems in Madagascar: opportunities and constraints
Christin RAMAROSON, Agricultural engineer specialist in rural development and monitoring and evaluation. Mail: christin.ramaroson@yahoo.fr ; scampis@capfida.mg
ABSTRACT The SCAMPIS project achievements and the experience in Madagascar has allowed to make important leap on the promotion of micro-irrigation system (MIS). The IFAD governmental projects implemented together with the Ministry of Agriculture contributed in a significant way to the geographical dissemination of the technology and facilitated the farmer access to it. The scaling up goal of the projects funded by IFAD is the improvement of the supply chain of MIS and the strengthening of the farmers production for food security. The level of technology adoption is still low even if the good number of the interested stakeholders. In this article, we highlight the opportunities and the challenges for scaling up MIS and discuss how to integrate it to the use of waste water in the optic of water savings.
INTRODUCTION The drip irrigation is still a new practice for Malagasy small is farmers. irrigation The by
traditional
practice
watering can or by submersion, both very water wasteful practices . SCAMPIS project has provided to small farmers in Madagascar an opportunity to innovate their practice of irrigation by the dissemination of low- cost drip irrigation. But most of the farmers have not yet
access to the technologies; the costs and the market availability is not enough developed yet. Some stakeholders, in particular the Malagasy State through the Ministry of Agriculture are very interested in promoting and scaling up the MIS (micro-irrigation system) to face the current threat
contractual areas of SCAMPIS project, the Ministry of Agriculture projects (funded by IFAD) have contributed to the promotion of MIS technologies in 13 of the 22 regions of Madagascar. The low adoption rate of MIS is due to the farmers difficulties in accessing the technologies market chain and to the short duration of the projects which were supporting the promotion and dissemination of the know-how on how to use the technology. Otherwise, opportunities exist and those should be the motor for the promotion and dissemination of MIS technologies in Madagascar. In this article, we try to describe how the MIS scaling up began in Madagascar, the opportunities and the limitations faced.
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of the negative effect of climate change and the scarcity of water for agriculture. Thus, apart from
Context The main achievement of SCAMPIS project has been the ability in demonstration that several groups of actors (projects, NGOs, traders, farmers organisation, platforms, CSA, and especially the farmers and the Ministry of Agriculture) have interest in promoting and adopting MIS. The MIS includes two main technologies: the drip irrigation and the pedal pump. The SCAMPIS project has received collaboration requests from various stakeholders and the Ministry of Agriculture stated its interest in supporting scaling up strategies. The SCAMPIS project covers five regions, four of those regions are also part of the governmental IFAD projects intervention area. During the dry season these areas face a water shortage for irrigation, on the other side this regions have good and dynamic agricultural potential. These areas are considered as precursors in adopting MIS technology. In addition to those, other IFAD intervention areas are appropriate for scaling up MIS to face the food insecurity and the drought. Among the projects that started the scaling up of MIS we can find: PARECAM (Support Project resilience to food crises in Madagascar) funded by the European Union and four IFAD governmental projects: AROPA, PROSPER, PPRR and AD2M. The intervention strategy for scaling up MIS through the national projects The Scampis implementing organization developed and approach for scaling up MIS that identified to main lines of action: - Capacity building and intensive training of the local staff and organizations to improve the
- Development and expansion of a local MIS manufacturing and supply chain to address the specific needs of each area. OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE SCALING OF MIS THROUGH NATIONAL PROJECTS Opportunities The current experience has shown the existence of positive factors that justify and assess the needs for promoting MIS and scaling it up.
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project implementation and the increase the technology adoption at farmer level.
i) The SCAMPIS project. The SCAMPIS project itself, though its results and achievements and the development and introduction of technology low cost, suitable for Malagasy farmers has created a good basis for scale up MIS. ii) The interested parties. The various stakeholders enthusiasm in promoting MIS is an asset and also an opportunity for the scaling up of MIS in Madagascar. Among the stakeholders we there are economic operators, NGOs, agricultural service centres and the Ministry of Agriculture with its decentralized services. Specifically for the Department of Agriculture, the interests has been manifested by the undertaking of technical meetings on promotion and MIS scaling up, moreover the decentralized services have been in concretely involved in promoting MIS. Finally the Ministry of Agriculture proposed to develop a section about micro-irrigation in the Agricultural Sector Programme (PSA). iii) Scaling up though national projects funded by IFAD. The intervention of projects of the Ministry of Agriculture funded by IFAD is a real opportunity for scaling up. From the geographical perspective the projects funded by IFAD cover 13 regions of the 22 regions of Madagascar. These are areas that have good agricultural potential and suffer of water scarcity due to chronic drought (South Zone of Madagascar) are appropriate for the diffusion of MIS. The specificity of IFAD projects is their duration of action (7-10 years), this allow sufficient technical staff to achieve a larger number of beneficiaries who adopting MIS will increase the critical mass needed to stabilize a local market. The projects want to integrate the technical support for MIS with the introduction of the reuse of waste water in agriculture with the final objective of saving water resources. It is not always possible to integrate MIS in the projects especially when they have a very specific focus/objective (see box 1)
Box 1: Case of PROSPER project in supporting the scaling up of the MIS The PROSPER project is specifically targeting rural microenterprises in its interventions. The action to support scaling up technology MIS has focused on supporting the establishment and training of local artisans manufacturing equipment. Eight workers were trained and set up in the South East and in Northern Madagascar.
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The IFAD governmental projects decided to introduce MIS in order to i) improve vulnerable farmers food security. MIS increasing food availability during season ii) link farmers to the market (local and international). MIS has been introduced in areas where there is a potential market as MIS allow efficient use of the water resources and improves the quantity and quality of agricultural production.
Box 2: Vegetable Production in the East Coast during the dry season (Project Area PPRR) Normally the Toamasina marked is supplied by the vegetables produced in the highlands. During the period of rice cultivation, the vegetables at the market rare and expensive. The vegetables cultivation is an opportunity for local farmers to increase their income. The MIS helps small producers during these dry periods in water management and facilitate the cultivation on sandy soils that generally have low water holding capacity.
Box 3: Improvement of food security in southern Madagascar (Project Area AROPA). The southern area of Madagascar is affected by recurrent droughts that have heavy impact on food production and food security. Water for irrigation is an important constraint for small farmers. The introduction of MIS in the area offers an opportunity to diversify and increase the food availability, through efficient management and use of water resources during the dry season. The MIS also helps to secure the production of sorghum seed to start growing crop after the drought. Usually after the drought, farmers are extremely poor, crops are destroyed and even seeds to start cultivating are no longer available.
iv) Climate change. The pressure of climate change negative effects motivate farmers in the research for alternatives
non-irrigated plots. This situation leads to the enthusiasm of farmers and government to MIS technologies to face the water problems.
Box 4: Effect of delay of the rain on litchi production in the East Coast of Madagascar Producers are finding that the duration of the dry period in the area is increasing in the last ten years. As the rainy season is crucial in relation to the production cycle of litchi, the delay affects the quality of production mainly destined to export. To deal with this problem, the farmers irrigate the litchi fixing in the ground bottles (top-down) full of water, but system is not always effective.
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methods for water management. The water constraint is already felt at farm level especially in
Limitations Four main constraints have been identified in relation with the scaling up of MIS. The lack of trust of farmers in using an innovative technology; the low financial capacity of the farmers to purchase the technology; the limited distribution of MIS on the market; the limited availability of finds to continue the technology promotion. i) Distrust of small producers. MIS technology is still new for small producers; the adoption of the MIS in the cultivation system will be linked to behaviour change in relation with usual practices. In fact, outreach and demonstration more advanced and supported are still needed to convince producers of the technical and economical advantage of the MIS and the importance of rational management of water resources to climatic constraints face. The small farmers view the integration of MIS as a risky investment due to the not stable supply chain at village level and the relative high cost of the material. ii) Low financial capacity of producers. The low purchasing power limit producers access to technologies, especially the poor who are the main target of IFAD projects. The cost of materials creates a ask investment too high for this farmers who are also the one who have e lowest access to innovations and resources (especially water) iii) Limited range of materials. The vegetable production for the markets, has seen as an opportunity to consolidate the MIS
receptive to innovations. iv) Fund to continue the promotion campaign.

Sometimes the introduction of MIS in an area could have a conflicting interest with the survival strategy of small farmers. In relation to this, some small farmers (mostly poor) are working as agricultural irrigation employee during the lean period. MIS reduces significantly the need for worker in irrigation. In fact, the distribution of MIS may lead to loss income for these farmers employees. This case may be encountered in the onion-growing area in the northern part of Madagascar also PROSPER project area.
SCAMPIS Madagascar project ends in 2012 after 3 years of
implementation. If there will be no more funding to support the operations developed until now, if the promotion of the technology
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market chain, this because the farmers who practice this agriculture are considered the most
will not continue, all the achievements could get lost. Relative to the current situation, the mechanism is still fragile because the critical mass of adoption has not yet achieved and the sales volume does not allow the servicing of small enterprises engaged in manufacturing. The achievement of this critical mass is a precondition for the automatic adoption of MIS therefore maintaining the structures put in place. This weakness state also the need for continuing the scaling up of MIS. CONCLUSION MIS scaling-up in Madagascar is still in its launch stage. Despite the efforts and commitment of the actors in the promotion and dissemination, the level of adoption by farmers is still very low. The factors behind this level of adoption consist of minimizing risk to the producers for conversion in MIS technologies, the short-term intervention for scaling (one year for national projects). Also, this situation explains the need for progressive learning for irrigators and developers of projects. The main challenge is to establish a strong strategy for successfully scaling-up MIS. The experiment conducted in this scaling demonstrates the feasibility of transferring skills to local structures in the context of MIS promoting. It showed that the technical capacity development of local technicians on the MIS is possible in a year of implementation only. The commitment of the actors including the Ministry of Agriculture and National Projects has an important role in scaling up facilitating the farmers access to MIS technology. The strategy should take in consideration the creation of new partnership with interested stakeholders.
Bibliography: 1Recherche action participative et dynamisme des agriculteurs face aux changements climatiques : cas de la Rgion Analanjirofo (Est de Madagascar), 2010. Holy RAHARINJANAHARY, Nosy ALIZANY, Jeannin RANAIVONASY, Jean Chrysostme RAKOTONDRAVELO, Rivo RABARIJOHN, Lilia RABEHARISOA, Mamy RAMPARANY, Anne-MarieTIANI
2- Capitalisation dexpriences sur le dveloppement de la petite irrigation prive pour des productions haute valeur ajoute en Afrique de lOuest (PRACTICA Foundation). Moise Sonou, Stphan Abric.
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Cecilia Ruberto, Monitoring Evaluation and Learning coordinator for the Scampis Project. Mail: c.ruberto@ifad.org; Skype: ceci1982lia
9.
Measuring the Scampis project change dimension
To understand and learn about the change dimension (quantitative) and colours (qualitative) perceived by the project beneficiaries and by the stakeholders involved, the SCAMPIS project developed a participatory and integrated, cross-countries (India, Guatemala and Madagascar) monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. This M&E system allowed comparisons and showed the key differences between the strategies implemented in India Guatemala and Madagascar. To obtain comprehensive and equilibrated projects specificities understanding a qualitative M&E method Most Significant Change, has been introduced. This method has been applied in India and Guatemala. The results have been extremely interesting: the change dimension is in the quality of life and in a behavioural change as response to the introduction of an innovation (MIS technology and natural fertilization and pesticide) through innovative strategies. Kids belonging to the same village of the beneficiaries collected stories from Scampis beneficiaries who explained what happened since the first contact with Scampis until the day of the interview. The beneficiaries described problems, challenges and success faced during the last 2 years and pointed out project weaknesses and strengthens from their own (fundamental) point of view. 15
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Additional information about Scampis MSC: www.scampisblog.blogspot.com
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The monitoring and evaluation system developed and promoted by IFAD staff is an innovative tool. It served multiple purposes: It clearly looks and evaluates each SCAMPIS project implementation and evolution, understanding its sustainable future direction. It promotes and improves a South - South collaboration. During the elaboration and the implementation of this tool, partner organizations established a dialogue and debated on the main issues of the project, its crucial aspects, goals, similarities and differences among countries. These collaboration and dialogue will continue throughout the project, thanks to M&E sharing and knowledge sharing activities (see 3.3). It capitalizes achievements and problems faced, as a consistent basis for successful scaling up.
The SCAMPIS quantitative M&E System Outputs macro areas Each output macro area collects a number of simple indicators that provide a quantitative analysis. This quantitative analysis will generate information on achievements and on the annual planned target: Beneficiaries Technologies adoption Natural fertilization and diseases control Nutrition Technologies manufacturing Distribution Chain Subsidies Capacity building Promotion activities Sustainability and scaling up
Outcomes macro areas In the outcome macro areas, a number of composite indicators have been identified and agreed b y all the partners to monitor crucial aspects related to the introduction and use of the microirrigation and natural fertilization: Vegetable production (increase) Work time (save time)
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Family income (increase) Water consumption (decrease) Soil fertility (improvement)
Vegetables diseases control Women increased participation and
involvement in productive activities
Impacts The impact of Scampis can be stated after a reasonable period after the project intervention. However, it can and must be monitored from Day One. In fact, even if early stages conclusions would be unwarranted, impact indicators provide pointers on the effects project interventions may have. Among them the Scampis partners identified 3 main level of possible impacts: Beneficiaries level:
livelihood improvement:
among the various dimension the
common for the 3 countries are: i) diet improvement thanks to better and longer vegetable
of water resources (longer and for larger number of users); Private sector, micro-enterprice: development of a
small private sector linked to the
production and supply chain (as basis for project sustainability) Overall: various organizations and programmes learn about MIS and decide to integrate it in their
strategies, scaling up
the use of MIS in larger areas including larger number of
beneficiaries.
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production; ii) family income increase for the surplus sold at the local market; iii) longer availability
Below a snapshot show the main outcomes achieved by Scampis India, Guatemala and Madagascar. The differences in the results are explained by different strategies, target groups and environmental context.
Gender inclusion Traditionally work in commercial rain-fed and irrigated agriculture, especially for larger surface of plots, was the main responsibility of men. Backyard gardening was, and is, a womens job. However, agriculture is feminizing fast. The inclusion of women depends very much to the type of technology offered (e.g. very small MIS technology like bucket kits is most likely adopted by women for backyard gardening) and the type of group targeted (e.g. Guatemala: big efforts in involving the schools and with groups of women; India targets mixed SHG; Madagascar shows a different cultural pattern). Irrespective of context, Scampis considers it a success to demonstrate higher than average inclusion rates for women.
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Scampis Most Significant Change: qualitative M&E After the 1st year of analysis of quantitative M&E data which produced interesting insights there was the fear to loose the most important achievement of the project, that wasnt the goal of 10.000 beneficiaries per country but: the improvement of the livelihood of vulnerable households. The Most Significant Change appered to be the most suitable methodology, even if some readaptation has been introduced, due to contextual need. Connect M&E data to reality of the field and of different stakeholders involved Keep and compare the experiences in the 3 countries Capitalize and Learn from the experiences. This process should happen at various level: people in the field, project staff, strategies implemented, organization aspects etc Understand the effectiveness of each strategy and create solid basis for identifying the possible impacts of the projects
Why we collect stories?

People tell stories naturally - indigenous
The SCAMPIS MSC phases 1st phase: stories collections16Collected by kids (age between 13-16 years) who will contemporaneously, as real reporters, film,
Stories can deal with complexity and context People remember stories Stories can carry hard messages /undiscussables But stories not known for accuracy/truth
photograph and ask questions to the project beneficiaries
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Guatemala photos here: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA547A54E873204EB&feature=addto ; and videos: https://picasaweb.google.com/CeciliaRuberto/ScampisGuatemala2012
Why stories are collected by kids?? They are curious, they can easily learn how to use the technology, they do not influence the answers, the interviewed feel comfortable and can easily explain the reasons of what she/he is telling: kids are extremely appropriate to preserve the stories authenticity. At the same time this new reporters enable the interviewed in telling their stories to the whole world, learn about important life experiences and empathize with the interviewer. At the end of the day the big learners are exactly the reporters. This aspect very important for the Scampis MSC. 2nd phase: stories analysis national level (Direct analysis each country analyse its stories) During a staff meeting all the interviews collected are reviewed and analysed by the field staff. At the end 6 videos are selected as most significant and a report with the key element of the discussion is prepared to do not lose important key elements of the most significant change analysis. This type of analysis can be repeated at national level (integrating various external organizations and Hq staff). 3rd phase: stories analysis international level (Indirect analysis other institution and countries analyse the stories) The 6 stories selected are analysed by the other two Scampis partners, IFAD Scampis team and external stakeholders who, following the same method identify the most significant change from their point of view. 4th phase: connection of the qualitative analysis to the M&E quantitative data In this phase are created logic interconnection between M&E quantitative data and qualitative data. The qualitative data take in consideration the various level of MSC analysis. As per today 32 stories have been collected in Guatemala (beneficiaries and project staff) and 24 stories have been collected in India and the first analysis and selection has been conducted. Additional information is available at this blog page: www.scampisblog.blogspot.com
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SCAMPIS M&E Focus on measurement (output and outcome data; simple and composite indicators) Closed questions Deductive Static Objectivity is the driver of the analysis.
SCAMPIS Most Significant Change Focus on concrete life experience
M&E and MSC at glance for the SCAMPIS project
Open question Inductive Dynamic Subjectivity is the driver of the analysis. Decentralized tendencies: unexpected results About learning Looking for unexpected effects, try to understand than what caused Needed for improving and innovate strategies at various levels Help us to pre-view possible impacts of the project
Central tendencies (even if participatory)
About proving Looking of confirmation/not confirmation of pre-established indicators. Needed to see if the strategy implement is efficient or not. Possible to see possible outcomes, but not impacts
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Guatemala Story
Aqu uno va a divagar penas! 17

Interview to Silvia Esperanza Peraza, Scampis Guatemala Interviewer: Good afternoon we are here today with my friends Carlos, Joselyn, the engineers, Ms. Cecilia we are here to take some of your time to ask you a few questions, and could you tell us your name? 2nd Farmer: It is ok; my name is Silvia Esperanza Peraza at your services and my Lord. Interviewer: Could you introduce the members of your group? 2nd Farmer: Well, there are 6 members but there is one missing, I am going to begin from
Martinez, Sayda Alvarez, Rosa Escobar at your service, Iris Escobar. Interviewer: Ok; where are you from? 2nd Farmer: from Caserio El Naranjo, Aldea La Montaa, Moyuta.
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Here you go for distraction from concerns Watch the video of the interview here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJ4u9Idkd9I&list=PLA547A54E873204EB&index=58&feature=plpp_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxcX5uXcwkI&list=PLA547A54E873204EB&index=55&feature=plpp_video
my right to my left; she is Maria Luisa
Interviewer: How old are you? 2nd Farmer: Ill be 42 on November 15th if you want to bring me a gift. Interviewer: How many members do your family have? 2nd Farmer: 9, including my daughter in law we are 10. Interviewer: Which one is your occupation? 2nd Farmer: Housekeeping. Interviewer: Where do your incomes come from? 2nd Farmer: from my husband and my older children. (Third Farmer in the back asks: What does your husband do?) He is a builder. (And your children) They are also builders. Interviewer: Which one is your greater expense during the year? 2nd Farmer: School, clothing and feeding. Interviewer: In which area would you like to invest if you had more money? 2nd Farmer: Well if I had more money I would like to have a drugstore because we do not have one here. Interviewer: To help the community right? 2nd Farmer: Yes for the community and myself too. Interviewer: And if you had more money what would you like to do? 4th Farmer: Well here we need so many things, I would like to have a little store or something like what is it called, market. 5th Farmer: The same as them, I would like to have a business to help the community. Interviewer: And you? 6th Farmer: The same as them, some kind of business. Interviewer: Did you cultivate vegetable gardens before? 2nd Farmer: No, I did not only flowers. Interviewer: Did you buy them? 2nd Farmer: sometimes, but they are also sold to be planted. Interviewer: How did you plant them?
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2nd Farmer: Well the ones in the house around the patio, in little pots. (Another person asks in the back: but about the vegetable gardens?) No I am talking only about my flowers, before I did not plant any vegetable. Interviewer: Which one do you think has been the most significant change in your family and your community? 2nd Farmer: Well the first one is the time that I invested in this project, and in my family the support that we received through the trainings on how to cultivate the vegetables, and the money we could save from it. Interviewer: Which one was your first though about Scampis Project? 2nd Farmer: Well, first I had doubts on how it was going to be, how we were supposed to work, and it was very good for me, and it is because I hope that we keep working until they take the land from us (Did you enjoy it) Yes I did, very much. Interviewer: What motivated you to participate in this project? 2nd Farmer: Well as I already mentioned the enthusiasm and also the opportunity to work with my friends because through it we also release the stress that we have for the bad situations we experience. Interviewer: What did you like most of the project? 2nd Farmer: The production we had and also the trainings that we received (for example) well for example how nutritive vegetables are, that is something we did not know, also about the jelly like guisquil jelly which I had never tried, I used this vegetable only for soups before, for me it was very good. Interviewer: Do you think that you obtain what you expected from the project or do you think that there is something missing? 2nd Farmer: I believe that we achieved all not only with the support of the people who taught us but also with the work of my friends, without that it could not have been done. Interviewer: What would you add to the project? 2nd Farmer: in which way? Interviewer: what would you improve? 2nd Farmer: Oh, to improve it, let me think what I would like to be improved, maybe that our seeds be changed, because as we already used one now we want to use another one. Interviewer: Which activity from Scampi was the hardest? 2nd Farmer: (the Farmer ask that the question be repeated)
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Interviewer: Which activity from Scampi was the hardest? The attendance to training, the elaboration of vegetable gardens, and the use of watering system or to get the seeds. 2nd Farmer: Well for me any of them, because we have had everything (what about the water many people ask in the back) Well the gathering of water during the summer, because for the trainings we are always present, wherever they call us we go. Interviewer: What do you expect to achieve in a near future? 2nd Farmer: Well I would like that more people join the group, and as well as we have done to feel motivated to work to help their families. Interviewer: How do you expect them to feel motivated? 2nd Farmer: trying to motivate them even if they do not want to. Interviewer: Did you enjoy this project? 2nd Farmer: Yes, I did a lot I wish that we have many more, and that they come to visit us and support us too, if it were possible, the use of filters too, we thank the engineer for training us in that area, and we also thank the institutions that provided the filters, and now we are used to take only water from the filters, not other, (someone in the back asks: I have a little question how did you begin working together here, did you organize before, did you know each other from before, is it the first time do you work together how did you do it) Well Ms. Let me tell you the first group that was gathered was a community bank we worked with Fis, thank to that project that gathered 39 women we got to meet each other as group, and in this project was different because I received a phone call asking if I wanted to gather a little group of women who wanted to work in vegetable gardens and I said Yes I will gather them I even put them in the list without even asking them and thank God their response was positive, and that is the reason we are here today and I hope to continue (did anybody had doubts in the beginning about the job) Yes, Ms, there were doubts when we saw the land, with the big trunks around, and trees, we wonder how are we going to work here, but thank God and to our husbands the ones who made time, they came with axes and motor sew to take away the trunks and coffee plants and then with our own effort we worked in this piece of land that has been given (do you think that it was worth it) Yes It was worth it. 4th Farmer: Yes, it was very worth it for all the things that we have learned and all the things that we harvested.
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2nd Farmer: It is sad that you did not come when we had all the harvest it was so big with the radishes and cucumber, (I have another question if it is possible: At the time of the production when you actually saw the harvest what did you think) Well we felt so happy because we saw the result of our hard work and thank God even though it was a little harvest in the beginning we shared it among us. 4th Farmer: And then the Ms. Came and showed us how to make a dish with radish and they were so delicious and they were so good that she did not try them, we did not want her to get fat. 2nd Farmer: Well as I said before it was and is and will be a great experience and lets hope that it continues.
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India Story
By using this we can grow better crops. It will improve our livelihood
Interview to Laxmi Bhuyan, Scampis India
Interviewer: Welcome, I am Raghunath Gaura, in Padasahi village of Raigarh Block, ready to take interview; Interviewer: As you are involved in SCAMPIS project, we want to know your life story Interviewer: What is your name? Farmer: Laxmi Bhuyan Interviewer: Where from you are? Farmer: Padasahi Interviewer: Who are there in your family? Farmer: My husband and three son Interviewer: When have you started using KB pump and Bucket Kit? Farmer: Since last three years Interviewer: Where did you see it first? Farmer: In Saturday market, There are announcing in loud speaker Interviewer: What did you think then? Farmer: By using this we can grow better crops. It will improve our livelihood Interviewer: Which technology do you use? Farmer: KB pump & Bucket Kit Interviewer: Which is better? Farmer: I like both
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Interviewer: Why? Farmer: Without any expenditure we can irrigate by KB pump Farmer: With less water, we irrigate by Bucket Kit Farmer: With few buckets of water we can grow crops Interviewer: Do you grow crops alone? Farmer: My husband and sons are helping Interviewer: How much quantity did you get? Farmer: After family consumption we sell 20-30 kg tomato, brinjal per week Interviewer: Which crop do you grow? Farmer: Brinjal, tomato, chilli, ladies finger etc. Farmer: At the time of drought we irrigate rice crop by KB pump Interviewer: Were you growing vegetable before getting this technology? Farmer: Yes, but not in improved method Farmer: After KB pump we have improved method of cultivation Interviewer: Was there in change with you? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: What change has occurred after using KB pump and Bucket Kit? Farmer: We get good yield, we get money to meet family expenditure Interviewer: What is major source of your income? Farmer: Agriculture Interviewer: Have you sole any vegetable? Farmer: Yes, we have sold Interviewer: How did you spend the money? Farmer: Childrens education, medical treatment Farmer: Purchase of input for agriculture, repayment of loans Interviewer: What change have occurred before and after implementation of project?
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Farmer: We get good yield, get money to spend for fooding and education Interviewer: Are the changes important? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: How is it important? Farmer: We get good yield and fulfill the family need Interviewer: What was major difficulty after starting the work? Farmer: We were thinking how to use KB pump and Bucket Kit Interviewer: What are the difficulties? Is it still there? Farmer: No, after training the problem was solved Farmer: We are explained how to use KB pump, how to lay the pipes Interviewer: Has all the problems solved? Farmer: Yes, solved Interviewer: How was it solved? Interviewer: Has the officials of Krushak Bandhu solved the problem? Farmer: Yes, they have solved the problem through training Interviewer: After involvement in this project, which work you like most? Farmer: Agriculture Interviewer: Has your expectations fulfilled? Farmer: Yes, fulfilled Interviewer: Do you have any more expectations? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: What is that? Farmer: To grow crop in more area, earn more income Farmer: Give education to children, construction of house, marriage of son Farmer: Our dream is to keep the family happy
Interviewer: How to spend the additional income? Farmer: Construction of house, purchase of land, purchase of gold and silver Farmer: Purchase of clothes, do something for my family Interviewer: Ever any Farmer has asked you about KB pump and Bucket Kit Farmer: Yes, where from you get this. Who gave it? Farmer: We told Krushak Bandhu officials have trained us Farmer: They have given KB pump and Bucket Kit. Trained about KB pump and Bucket Kit. Farmer: They have told about organic manure and organic pesticides
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Interviewer: How can you achieve your goal? Farmer: By growing crops, getting good yield, we can achieve
Farmer: Management of insect pests without expenditure Farmer: Use of organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer Farmer: With a organic manure we get more yield for vegetable Interviewer: Was it easy to the convinced? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: Can you convince other Farmers about this pump and natural fertilizer? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: Why will you convince? Farmer: I have learnt and done in field, so I can convince Interviewer: Are other Farmers of the village using natural fertilizer? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: Do you feel they are happy? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: Is there any change with village people during last two years? Farmer: Yes, I have seen it Interviewer: What type of change? Farmer: Previously, due to lack of water they are not growing any crop Farmer: By using Bucket Kit they grow vegetables Farmer: Irrigate crop by using KB pump. Farmer: Persons having KB pump and Bucket Kit have improve financially Interviewer: Why there was change? Farmer: Change was due to cultivation Interviewer: In future, will you grow vegetable by using Bucket Kit and KB pump Farmer: Yes
Interviewer: Can you explain it to others? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: What will you explain Farmer: Preparation of natural manure Farmer: Preparation of medicine to control insects Farmer: Setting of Bucket Kit and laying of pipes Farmer: Fertilizer application, Farmer: Spraying of medicine to control disease Farmer: Transportation of KB pump and its setting
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Interviewer: Can you do this work without help of village mechanic? Farmer: Yes, we can
Farmer: We can take water up to 50 feet distance Farmer: We use two numbers of 25feet pipe for the purpose Farmer: Officials told to take water from 25 feet Farmer: but we take up to 50 feet distance Farmer: We can train people accordingly Interviewer: Do you need more training? Farmer: Yes Interviewer: What type of training? Farmer: Improve method of cultivation with good variety Farmer: Use of new seed Interviewer: What is your goal for future? Farmer: To get good yield and more profit Farmer: To make our family happy Interviewer: What is your major concern for future? Interviewer: For marriage of son or any thing Farmer: Marriage ceremony of sons Farmer: Construction of house, to make them happy Farmer: So that they can care us during old age Interviewer: What is your suggestion for future? Farmer: We have got training, we have gone exposure visit Farmer: We expect they should provide more training, arrange more exposure visit Farmer: They should always be with us to guide for better cropping practices Interviewer: What is your advice for other Farmers? Farmer: They should follow us. They should grow better crops to earn more
Interviewer: Thank you very much for giving valuable time Interviewer: On behalf of videographer Chakradhar Dalai & cameraman H. Ramarao, I thank you very much. Farmer: I also thank the Farmers. I thank you for making video of my success story Farmer: I thank the officials for providing me knowledge and selecting me for exposure visit
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Farmer: They should live happily
Cecilia Ruberto Page
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Introduction to the articles ................................................................................................................ 6

Guatemala Story ............................................................................................................................... 85 India Story ......................................................................................................................................... 90

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Scampis Website: http://www.ifad.org/english/water/scampis

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Why the Learning Notes?

Enjoy your reading!

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interactions with our authors.

Introduction to the articles

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for livelihood enhancement is very important (Scaling up of micro-irrigation systems in

The Scampis Project

Country Impleme nting NGO

India IDE-I (International Development Enterprises India)

Guatemala Funcaf (Fundacin de la Caficultura para el Desarrollo Rural)

Madagascar AVSF (Agronomes et Vtrinaires Sans Frontires)

Technical innovations Introduced

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In Feeding and Nutritional Security the goal was of the nutritional

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health conditions in order to have a pleasant and extended life.

Women and Youth in Guatemala

National Enquiry on Maternal-Enfant Health women with higher fertility are

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How did SCAMPIS execution began?

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Why did it begin with these subjects?

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Subjects

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Family Planning (PF)

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demands of the labor market.

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Santiago Girn, Project Coordinator, Funcaf, Guatemala. Mail: santiago.ggdl@funcafe.org

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ANACAF, for further information www.anacafe.org

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plots as interchange through the methodology farmer to farmer.

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according to the condition of the land that each school

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Scaling up integrated strategies for micro-irrigation through

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