1.

4 Functions Of Networking Hardware

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Act as a physical interface and connectors between your computer and network cable. (Bertindak sebagai
antaramuka fizikal atau penyambung di antara komputer anda dengan kabel rangkaian)

to provide a physical link to a computer network. This connection allows computers to communicate with servers, as well as other computers on the network. (untuk menyediakan link fizikal kepada jaringan komputer. Sambungan ini
membolehkan komputer untuk berkomunikasi dengan pelayan, serta komputer lain di dalam rangkaian)

Each NIC has a unique serial number, which is called a MAC address. (Setiap NIC mempunyai satu nombor siri yang unik, yang
disebut alamat MAC)

Network Interface Card (NIC)Cont

Network interface card functions are:
Provide data from computer to network cable.
(Menyediakan data dari komputer untuk kabel rangkaian)

Sending data to another computer. (Menghantar data ke komputer

yang lain)

Control the flow of data between the computer and plug the cable system. (Mengawal aliran data di antara komputer dan sistem
kabel penyambung)

Figure 1-5 A NIC (network interface card)

Various Types Of Network Interface Card

a. Cards on an expansion board inside a computer (PCI NIC, PCI Express NIC). b. Cards installed to the computers bus externally (PCMCIA adapter, USB port, FireWire, Compact Flash NIC) c. On-board NIC d. Wireless NIC

Various Types Of Network Interface Card

a. Cards on an expansion board inside a computer (PCI NIC, PCI Express NIC). Wireless adapters are found in most portable devices, such as b.laptops, smart phones, and tablet devices. Cards installed to the computers bus External wireless (PCMCIAbe purchased and installed on most externally adapters can adapter, USB port, computers havingCompact(Universal NIC) FireWire, an open USB Flash Serial Bus) port, or unused expansion slot. c. On-board NIC d. Wireless NIC

Install and configure NIC hardware and software. Refer video in internet

Functions of LAN connectivity hardware:

a. Repeater b. Hub / Switch c. Bridges d. Routers e. Gateways

(a) Repeater
To regenerate the signal when the signal received is weak or interference, this device will make a copy of bits to bits by the original signal strength. (untuk menjana
semula isyarat apabila isyarat yang diterima lemah atau terdapat gangguan, peranti ini akan membuat satu salinan bit ke bit berdasarkan kekuatan asal isyarat tersebut)

Repeater will receive digital signals from one of their port then regenerate the signal before sending out the signal. (Repeater akan menerima isyarat digital dari salah satu portnya kemudian menjana
semula isyarat tersebut sebelum menghantar isyarat tersebut keluar)

RepeaterCont

(b) Hub
connection point between the station with the station and between stations with the server. (titik penyambungan di antara
stesyen dengan stesyen dan di antara stesyen dengan server)

have a several number of RJ-45 female connector, known as a port.

sebagai port) (mempunyai beberapa bilangan penyambung female RJ-45 yang dikenali

The function of the hub is broadcasting i.e data is forwarded towards the all ports of a hub, regardless of whether the data was intended for the particular systems in the network or not. (Fungsi hub adalah untuk broadcasting iaitu data
dilalukan ke semua port hub, untuk mengetahui apakah data ditujukan untuk host di dalam rangkaian tersebut atau tidak)

Hub & Bridge connections in Network

12

(b) Switch
Switch is a combination of hub and bridge technology. (Switch adalah gabungan teknologi hub dan bridge) Switch function is like as it was built by a small bridge on each port. (Switch berfungsi seolah-olah ia dibina
dengan mempunyai bridge kecil pada setiap portnya)

Unlike hubs, switch only transmit or forwards the data to the destined computer and it does not broadcasts the data to all its ports.
(Tidak seperti hub, switch hanya menghantar data ke komputer penerima sahaja dan tidak broadcast data ke semua port)

(c) Bridges
Appearance bridge is like a small box with two network connectors (port) are connected to two separate networks. (seperti sebuah kotak kecil, dengan dua
penyambung rangkaian yang disambung kepada dua rangkaian yang terpisah)

Used to transmit data between networks that using the same protocol. (Digunakan untuk menghantar data di antara
rangkaian yang menggunakan protokol yang sama)

BridgesCont
Jadual Bridge PORT A
00C08B44E50C JAMAL MAC=00C08B11C439

PORT B

AHMAD MAC=00C08BBE0052

PORT A

PORT B

HUB

BRIDGE

HUB

ZIANA MAC=00C08B44E50C

SITI MAC=00C08B477B72

Rajah 5.4 : Ziana menghantar data kepada Ahmad

BridgesCont
Jadual Bridge PORT A
00C08B44E50C 00C08BBE0052 AHMAD MAC=00C08BBE0052 JAMAL MAC=00C08B11C439

PORT B

PORT A

PORT B

HUB

BRIDGE

HUB

Frame Transmission

ZIANA MAC=00C08B44E50C

SITI MAC=00C08B477B72

BridgesCont

(VI) Routers
Multi-port device that makes decisions on how to manage the contents of the frame, based on protocol and network address. (Peranti multi-port yang membuat
keputusan terhadap bagaimana hendak menguruskan kandungan frame, berdasar kepada protokol dan alamat rangkaian)

Routers route the data between two logically and physically different networks. (Router menghubungkan data antara dua
rangkaian berbeza)

RoutersCont
Unlike Switches and Bridges, which use hardware configured MAC address to determine the destination of the data, router uses logical network address such as IP address to make the decision in determining the destination of the data. (Tidak seperti Switch
dan bridge, yang menggunakan alamat MAC sebagai penentu kepada destinasi bagi data, router menggunakan alamat rangkaian iaitu alamat IP untuk membuat keputusan dalam menentukan destinasi penghantaran data)

RoutersCont

(e) Gateways
Used to connect a computer network with one or more computer networks that use a different communications protocols so that information from a computer network can be given to other computer networks that have a different protocol. (digunakan untuk menghubungkan satu jaringan komputer dengan satu atau lebih
jaringan komputer yang menggunakan protokol komunikasi yang berbeza sehingga informasi dari satu jaringan computer dapat diberikan kepada jaringan komputer lain yang mempunyai protokol berbeza)

A gateway performs the function of translating the data from one format to another format without changing the data itself. (gateway melakukan fungsi menterjemah data dari satu
format ke format lain tanpa mengubah data itu sendiri)

GatewaysCont
A gateway can be a device, system, software. (gateway
boleh jadi atau mungkin peranti, sistem, perisian)

Router acts as a gateway e.g a router that routes the data from a IPX network to a IP network is technically a gateway. (Router bertindak sebagai gateway contohnya router yang
menjadi laluan data dari rangkaian IPX kepada rangkaian IP)

Switch acts as a gateway e.g translational switch converts from a Ethernet network to a token ring network. (Switch bertindak sebagai gateway contohnyanya terjemahan switch dengan menukar
dari rangkaian Ethernet kepada rangkaian token ring)

Build simple peer-to-peer network using TIA/EIA-568-A or TIA/EIA-568-B wiring standard.

Build simple LAN using two hosts and a switch.

Build network drive to share a file.

Assemble and configure a network printer in a simple LAN.