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Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation


1. Introduction 2. Geology of Singapore 3. Underground Building Works 4. Foundations 5. Earth Retaining Systems

Geotechnics is the application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Bored Piling

Jet Grouting

Contiguous Pile Soil Nailing Grouting Tunnelling Secant Pile

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the engineering behaviour of earth materials.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Jet Grouting

Sheet Piles

Grout Mix Piles Ground Anchors Geotechnics & Foundation

Steel H-Piles

Soil Improvement

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnical engineering involves:

site investigation
determination of soil/rock properties slope stability building foundation design earth retaining method for excavation settlement and wall movement analysis instrumentation & monitoring system

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation


1. Introduction 2. Geology of Singapore 3. Underground Building Works 4. Foundations 5. Earth Retaining Systems

Geology of Singapore
Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Clay minerals Clay minerals are produced mainly from the chemical weathering and decomposition of feldspars, such as orthoclase and plagioclase, and some micas. They are small in size and very flaky in shape. The key to some of the properties of clay soils, e.g. plasticity, compressibility, swelling/shrinkage potential, lies in the structure of clay minerals. There are three main groups of clay minerals: kaolinites, illites montmorillonites

Geotechnics & Foundation

Size range of grains The range of particle sizes encountered in soil is very large: from boulders with a controlling dimension of over 200mm down to clay particles less than 0.002mm (2mm).

Geotechnics & Foundation

In geotechnical engineering, soils are considered a threephase material composed of: rock or mineral particles, water and air. The voids of a soil, the spaces in between mineral particles, contain the water and air.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation


1. Introduction 2. Geology of Singapore 3. Underground Building Works 4. Foundations 5. Earth Retaining Systems

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation


1. Introduction 2. Geology of Singapore 3. Underground Building Works 4. Foundations 5. Earth Retaining Systems

FOUNDATION DESIGN PROCESS Design Criteria Geotechnical capacity Settlement Differential settlement & tilt Structural strength of foundation elements Durability

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Load test using Osterberg-cell.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation


1. Introduction 2. Geology of Singapore 3. Underground Building Works 4. Foundations 5. Earth Retaining Systems

FORMS OF RETAINING SYSTEMS Commonly used retaining systems: Sheet Piling Contiguous Piling Secant Piling King Post Walls Diaphragm Walls

Geotechnics & Foundation

Installation of Diaphragm Wall

Geotechnics & Foundation

Construction of Contiguous Bored Pile Wall

Geotechnics & Foundation

Construction of Secant Pile Wall

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Secant Bored Pile Walls

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Steel strutting for underground building works.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Installation of steel sheet piles with silent piler.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Soldier piles with timber lagging.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Cofferdam with 5 layers of strutting.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Circular Diaphragm Wall in Taiwan

Circular Diaphragm Wall in Northern Europe D=90m

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

Construction sequence of underground building works with minimal disruption to road traffic.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Top down construction of basemente. Bored pile supporting floor slab.

Geotechnics & Foundation

Geotechnics & Foundation

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