EI1202-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION UNIT-I Part A 1. What is meant by measurement? 2. How are the methods of measurement classified? 3.

List out the dynamic characteristics of any measurement? 4. What are the types of errors in measurement? 5. Define a measurement system. 6. Define Instrument. How are the instruments classified? 7. What are the applications of measurement system? 8. What are the various functional elements of a measurement system? 9. What is an absolute Instrument? 10. What is a secondary instrument? Classify. 11. List the static characteristics of an Instrument. 12. What is meant by calibration? 13. What is standard? And what are the types? 14. Define static characteristics of an Instrument. 15. Define dynamic characteristics of an Instrument 16. What is the difference between analog and digital instruments? 17. Distinguish between the direct and indirect methods of measurements. 18. Define median and variance. 19. Define standard deviation. 20. Define average deviation. 21. Define static error. 22. Define arithmetic mean. 23. What is the significance of calibration? 24. What is difference between accuracy and precision? 25.Define error and limiting errors. Part-B 1. Describe in detail the basic elements of a generalized measurement system with examples. 2. Explain in detail Time domain analysis in dynamic analysis of measurement system. 3. What are the static characteristics of a measuring device? Explain them in detail. 4. What are the Dynamic characteristics of a measuring device? Explain them. 5. Describe the types of error occurring in measuring in device. 6. Describe in detail about standards and its types. 7. Describe in detail about calibration and methods of calibration. 8. a) Explain the advantages of electronic instrument. b)The table is given below lists a sample of experimental data.

Value 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency of 1 2 3 6 7 6 4 2 1 occurence Calculate a) Mean b) Mean deviation c) Standard deviation d) Variance e) Probable error of one reading f) Probable error of mean 9. The following values are obtained from the measurement values of 147.2, 147.4, 147.9, 148.1, 147.7, 147.5, 147.6, 147.4, 147.6 & 147.5. Calculate: a) the arithmetic mean b) standard deviation c) The probable error of the ten readings 10. Define the following terms in the context of normal frequency distribution of data. a) Mean value b) Deviation c) Average deviation d) Variance e) Standard deviation 11. If a set of six observations are as follows: 1.5V, 3V, 1V, 5V,2V, 4V. Calculate the arithmetic mean, average deviation and standard deviation. 12. a) Why is feedback necessary in instrumentation systems? b) Explain the significance of negative feedback? c) If the rms value of reading in volts is observed in a digit CRO were 3,5, 3.452, 3.620, 3.523. UNIT-II Part A 1. What is creeping in an Energy meter? 2. State the principle of digital voltmeter. 3. How a PMMC meter can be used as Voltmeter and Ammeter? 4. What is Instrument Transformer and mention its classifications? 5. What is a transfer Instrument? 6. What is the reason for using Moving Iron instruments on both AC and DC? 7. Why the PMMC instruments are not used for AC measurement? 8. What is AUTO ranging? 9. Define resolution of DVM. 10. What is volt ampere hour and watt-hour? 11. What is needed to evaluate phase angle error instrument transformer? 12. What is the purpose of Instrument transformer? 13. What are the types of digital voltmeters? 14. Define nominal ratio of the Transformer. 15. What are the essential parts of a ramp type digital voltmeter? 16. Why it is necessary to make the potential coil circuit purely resistive in wattmeter? 17. How are the resistors checked using digital multimeters? 18. What are the advantages of digital instruments over analog instruments? 19. What are the different methods of measurement of frequency in the power frequency range? 20. What is the precaution to be followed while using current transformer? 21. Give the importance of iron loss measurement.

22. Explain the purpose of Schmitt trigger in digital frequency meter 23. Explain the principle of digital phase meter. 24. Which torque is absent in energy meter? Why? 25. Explain the term as applied to digital displays 3 digits and 4 digit displays.

Part-B 1. Describe the construction and working of PMMC instrument. 2. Derive the torque equation for an electrodynamometer type of wattmeter. 3. Explain with a neat circuit diagram the working of any one type of digital voltmeter. 4. Explain the methods of determination of B-H curve. 5. Draw the circuit diagram of digital frequency meter and explain its working. 6. With a neat diagram, explain the principle of operation of an induction type instrument and obtain An expression for deflecting torque. 7. Explain the construction working of electrodynamometer type of Instrument. 8. Explain the design of 3 wattmeter and give the reactive power measurements in 3 circuits. 9. How the B-H curve is determined for a ring specimen. 10. Explain the construction and working of Weston type frequency meter, Weston type Synchroscope. 11.a) Principle of operation of a current transformer. b) B-h curve analysis of a magnetic circuit. 12. How the range of DC ammeter and DC voltmeter can be extended? Derive the expression to calculate shunt resistance and multiplier resistance.

UNIT-III Part A 1. What is Potentiometer? 2. List the applications of DC potentiometer. 3. List the applications AC potentiometer. 4. What are the types of DC potentiometer? 5. What is a Bridge Circuit? What are the types? 6. What are the uses of bridge Circuit? 7. List the few applications of bridge Circuit. 8. What are the advantages of bridge circuit? 9. What is meant by transformer ratio Bridges? 10. List the applications of ratio transformer. 11. What are the features of ratio transformer? 12. What is a Wheatstone bridge?

13. What are the applications of Wheatstone bridge? 14. What are the sources of error in bridge measurement? 15. Write the balancing equation for Wheatstone bridge. 16. What is Kelvin Bridge? 17. Draw the circuit diagram of Kelvins bridge. 18. Draw the Maxwells AC Bridge and give the balance equation in terms of resistance. 19. What is electromagnetic interference in instrument? 20.What is Kelvins double bridge? 21. Draw the basic diagram of AC Bridge. 22. What is Maxwells bridge? 23. Define Interference. 24. What is earth loop and ground loop? 25. What is the necessity of grounding and state its advantages. Part-B 1. Explain voltage sensitive self balancing bridge, and derive the bridge sensitivity of voltage sensitive Bridge with fundamentals. 2. With fundamentals distinguish between DC and AC potentiometers, and give them any two specific Applications for each. 3. Discuss the advantages and limitations of electromagnetic interference in measurements. 4. Explain in detail the measurements that are made in the following circuits. i) Wheatstone bridge ii) Deflection type bridge 5. i) Explain in detail about the laboratory type DC potentiometer. ii) Give the applications of AC potentiometer. 6. i) Describe about multiple earth and earth loops. ii) Explain the different techniques of grounding. 7. Derive the bridge condition for the Maxwell Bridge and Schering Bridge. 8. Discuss in detail i) Bridge to measure low-Q of a coil. ii) Cause and effects of poor grounding in instruments. 9. Describe the circuit of Kelvin Double bridge used for measurement of low resistance, derive the Conditions for balance. 10. Explain how self inductance can be measured in terms of a standard capacitor using an AC Bridge and give the detectors commonly used in AC Bridge. 11.i) With a diagram explain in detail about Hays bridge. ii)Explain how to determine frequency using Wien bridge with neat circuit diagram. 12. Draw the circuit diagram and phasor diagram for Anderson Bridge. Derive the expression for Unknown inductance. 13. The four arms bridge ABCD, supplied with a sinusoid voltage, have the following values. AB = 330 resistance in parallel with 1.5f capacitor BC = 400 resistance CD = 800 resistance; DA resistance R in series with a 0.2f capacitor.

Determine the (i) value of R and (ii) Supply frequency at which the bridge will be balanced. UNIT-IV Part A 1. Write briefly in ink plotter. 2. Explain briefly on magnetic tapes. 3. What are the advantages of magnetic tape recorder? 4. What is isolation probe? 5. Write two advantages of LED in electronic displays. 6. What is power requirements of LED. 7. What is a recorder? And What are the types? 8. What are the various types of marking mechanism in strip chart recorder? 9. What is X-Y recorder? 10. What are the display devices? 11. What are the methods used for magnetic tape recording? 12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FM method of magnetic tape recording? 13. What are the different types of amplifiers used for CROs? 14. Give the principle of LCD type display device. 15. Draw a circuit diagram of X-Y recorder. 16. State the features of ink-jet printers. 17. Differentiate between LED and LCD. 18. What are the various methods of recording data? 19. In what ways line printers are advantageous over Dot matrix printer? 20. What are the different materials used in LED. Also name the colors emitted. 21. What are the data loggers? 22. What is the function of data logger? 23. Compare line printer and Dot matrix printer. 24. What are the advantages of LCD over LED? 25. What is a dot matrix display? Part-B 1. Explain the FM method of magnetic tape recording and explain its advantages and disadvantages. 2. Discuss in detail about various types of recorders. 3. i) Discuss in detail about Dot matrix display. ii) Discuss in detail about applications of CROs. 4. i)Explain in detail , how the data is stored in a magnetic disk and tape? ii) Describe the performance of digital printer. 5. i) Explain the block diagram of general purpose oscilloscope and also describe about the observation of waveform on CRO. ii) Write notes on LCD. 6. Discuss briefly on types of instrument error and instrument faults. With neat figure explain the need Of WAGNERS EARTH (ground) connection in bridge circuit. 7.i) Describe the different parts of a CRT, with a help of a neat diagram.

ii) Describe the principle of working and circuit diagram of a digital oscillator. 8. i) Describe the basic components of magnetic recorders. ii) Draw and explain the block diagram of digital storage oscilloscope. 9. i) Explain the principle of operation of LCD and differentiate between LED and LCD. II) Draw and explain the structure and main components of conventional cathode ray tube 10. i) What is an X-Y recorder? How do you distinguish is from X-t and Y-t recorders. ii) Describe the pulse duration modulation as used in magnetic tape recording and explain its merits and demerits. 11. Explain the Lissajous patterns used for the frequency measurement. 12. Explain the block diagram of trigger generator. Explain the various controls associated with it. UNIT-V Part A 1. Define transducer and Inverse transducer. 2. Mention some advantages of electrical transducer. 3. Mention some basic requirements of a transducer. 4. What is the classification of transducers? 5. List out important selection of transducers. 6. Define strain gauge and classify. 7. Define gauge factor. 8. What is resistance thermometer? 9. What are the requirements for the resistance materials used in RTDS? 10. Mention the use of capacitive transducer. 11. What is the principle of piezoelectric transducers and name any two piezoelectric materials. 12. What is piezoelectric effect? 13. Give the factors to be considered for selecting a transducer. 14. What are the active transducers? Give an example. 15. What are the passive transducers? Give an example. 16. Define scale factor. 17. Define sensitivity of a transducer. 18. Define analog transducer. 19. Define sensing element and transduction element. 20. What is meant by DAS? Classify. 21. What are the components are used DAS? 22. What is POT? Is it active and passive transducer? 23. Why is potentiometer a transducer? 24. What is thermocouple and LVDT?

Part-B

1. i) Explain the resistive transducer with respective to potentiometer. ii) Explain the capacitive transducer. iii) Describe the piezoelectric transducer and give the formula for coupling co-efficient. 2. i) Explain schematic block diagram of a general DAS and give its objectives. ii) Discuss R-2R ladder type D/A converter. 3. i) Explain the different selection criteria for the transducer. ii) Write a note an inductive transducer and piezoelectric transducer. 4. Explain briefly basic fiber optic components with suitable block diagram. 5. What are the different types of temperature sensors? Explain the working and list their Advantages, limitations and applications. 6. Describe in detail the successive approximation method of analog ti digital conversion. 7. i) Write briefly on thermocouples and thermistors as temperature transducers. ii) With neat figure explain LVDT for velocity measurement. 8. Describe the methods of measurement of pressure using (1) Capacitive transducers (2) Photoelectric transducer 9. with neat block diagram explain single and multi channel DAS. Give example for each block. 10. a) Write short notes i) Integral type AD ii) Thermocouple b) Explain in detail with suitable diagram i) Magnetic tape ii) Digital printers 11.a) Explain any two types of optical transducers b) Explain any two types of digital transducers.