Jurong Junior College JC1 Mathematics H2 (9740) Tutorial 4: Graphing Techniques Solution Section A: Basic Questions 1 1(a) y = 2+ x 1 x =1 Vertical

Asymptotes: Horizontal Asymptote: y = 2 1(b) x 2 + 3x 1 3 = x +1 x+2 x+2 Vertical Asymptotes: x = 2 Oblique Asymptote: y = x + 1 y= x x = 0+ ( x + 2)( x 2) x 4 Vertical Asymptotes: x = 2 and x = 2 Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0 y=
2

1(c)

1(d)

1 x Vertical Asymptotes: Oblique Asymptote: y = x y=

x=0 y=x

1(e)

1 1 = 0+ 2 x +4 x +4 Vertical Asymptotes: NIL [Note: Thers is no real root for which x 2 + 4 = 0.] Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
2

1(f)

y = 1 + e x Vertical Asymptotes:

NIL

[Note: e x is defined for all real values of x.]

Horizontal Asymptote: y = 1 [Note: As x +, e x 0, so y 1. As x , e x +, so y +.]

2(a)

y = x3 2 x + 3

(0.816, 4.09)
3

(0.816, 1.91)
1.89

y 2(b) y=e
2 x

y=0 y
2(c)
y = ln( x + 2)

ln 2

x = 2

2(d)

y2 = x 1 y

2(e)

y=

9 x4 1 = 2 x + 1 2 2(2 x + 1)
y

y=

1 2

x=

1 2 y

2(f)

y = x ln x , x > 0

x 1 (0.368, 0.368)

2(g)

y=

x2 x + 2 8 = x+2+ x 3 x 3

y y = x+2

(5.83, 10.7)

2 2 3
(0.172, 0.657) x

x=3

x2 + 4 x + 1 2 2(h) y = = x +3 x +1 x +1

y = x+3

3
3.73

1
3 0.268

x = 1

2(i)

y = 1+

6 24 x 3 x +3

y =1
x

(9, 0)
9

(1, 8)

x = 3

x=3

3(a) 3(c) 3(d)

x2 y2 + = 1 - An ellipse 4 9 x2 y2 = 1 - A hyperbola 4 9

3(b) 3(e)

x2 y2 + = 1 - A circle 4 4 ( x 2) 2 + y 2 = 1 - An ellipse 25

( x 1) 2 = 16 + 4( y + 3) 2 ( x 1) 2 4( y + 3) 2 = 16
(x 1) 2 ( y + 3) 2 =1 16 4 x2 + y 2 + 2 x 6 y = 6 - A hyperbola

3(f)

x2 + 2 x + y2 6 y = 6 ( x + 1) 2 12 + ( y 3) 2 32 = 6 ( x + 1) 2 + ( y 3) 2 = 16 - A circle

4(a)

y 2 + 4 x 2 = 16

x2 y 2 + =1 4 16

4(b)

x y =1 25 4

y=

2 x 5

2 y= x 5 4(c) ( x 2) + ( y 1) = 5
2 2

2 (2, 1) 5 x 4
y2 ( x 1) 2 = 1 9

4(d)

y = 3( x 1)

3 2

(1, 3)

0
3

(1, 0) (1, -3)

3 2

y = 3( x 1) 6

5(a)

5(b)

5(c)

5(d)

5(e)

6(a)

x y = f ( x) y = f 2 Geometrical transformation: A stretch parallel to the x-axis with a scale factor of 2.

y = g( x ) y = g( x + 2) Geometrical transformation: A translation of 2 units in the direction of the x-axis. y = h( x ) y = 2h( x ) Geometrical transformation: A stretch parallel to the y-axis with a scale factor of 2. y = k( x ) y = k( x) + 2 Geometrical transformation: A translation of 2 units in the direction of the y-axis y = m( x ) y = m( x ) Geometrical transformation: A reflection about the x-axis.

6(b)

6(c)

6(d)

6(e)

6(f)

y = e2 x + 4 y = e2 x = e4 e2 x + 4 Geometrical transformation: A stretch parallel to the y-axis with a scale factor of e 4 .

OR

y = e2 x + 4 y = e 2 x = e2( x 2) + 4 [Replace x by (x 2).]

Geometrical transformation: A translation of 2 units in the direction of the x-axis. 7

6(g) y = ln(2 x ) y = ln( x + 2)

[Replace x by (x).]

Geometrical transformation: A reflection about the y-axis. 6(h) y= x+2 x+2 y= x +1 2( x +1)
1 .. 2

Geometrical transformation: A stretch parallel to the y-axis with a scale factor of 7(a)
y = f ( x) y = f ( x + 1) 2 (i) A translation of 1 units in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A translation of 2 units in the direction of the y-axis.

7(b)

y = f ( x ) y = f (2 x + 1) (i) A translation of 1 units in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A stretch parallel to the x-axis with a scale factor of 1/2. 1 7(c) y = f ( x) y = f ( x) 2 (i) A stretch parallel to the x-axis with a scale factor of 2. (ii) A reflection about the y-axis.

7(d) y = f ( x ) y = 1 f ( x + 1) . (i) A translation of 1 unit in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A reflection about the x-axis. (iii) A translation of 1 unit in the direction of the y-axis. 8(a) 8(b) 8(c) 8(d) 8(e) The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x + 2) .

x The equation of the resulting graph is y = f . 2 The equation of the resulting graph is y = 2f ( x ). The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x ). The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x ) + 1.

9(i) (4, 2)

( 2,3)

y
y = f ( x + 3)

( 5, 0 )

( 3, 0 )

( 1, 0 )

9(ii) 1 ( , 2) 3
2 ,0 3

1 ,3 3

y = f ( 3x )

( 0, 0 )

x
2 ,0 3

9iii)

(1, 3)

(1, 2 )
( 2, 0 )

y = f (x)

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

9(iv)

(1, 1)
(1, 2)
y = f ( x) 4

( 0, 4 )

9(v)
(1, 8)

(1,12 )
y = 4 f ( x)

( 2, 0 )

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

9(vi)

y
y = f ( x)

( 2, 0 )
(1, 2)

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

(1, 3)
(1, 3) 9(vii)

(1,3)
y= f (x)

( 2, 0 )

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

y
9(viii) (1, 2)

(1,3)
y = f ( x)

( 2, 0 )

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

y
9(ix)

(1,

(1, 3 )
y2 = f ( x)

2)

( 2, 0 )
(1, 2)

( 0, 0 )

( 2, 0 )

(1, 3 )
10

9(x)

1 1, 2

1 1, 3

y=0

y= x = 2 x=0 x=2

1 f ( x)

10(i)
y2 = f ( x)

y= 3

(1, 0 )
y= 3

x = 2

11

10(ii)

y
y= 1 f ( x)

y=

1 3

( 2, 0 )
(0, -2)

x =1

11(i) The graph of y = 3 x could be mapped onto the graph of y = 3x +1 by a stretch parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 3 OR a translation parallel to the x-axis in the negative direction of 1 unit. (ii)
5 x = 3 px p = ln 5 . ln 3

The graph of y = 3x could be mapped onto the graph of ln 3 to the x-axis by a scale factor of . ln 5

y = 5 x by a stretch parallel

12

Standard Questions: 12. f ( x ) = x (2 x )(4 x )

(i) y 2 = f ( x)

(0.845, 3.08)

(0.845, 1.75)
x

2 (0.845,-1.75)

(3.15, -3.08) (ii) y = f ( x)

y (0.845, 3.08) (3.15, 3.08)

(iii) y = f ( x )
y

(-0.845, 3.08) (0.845, 3.08)

4
y

(-3.15, -3.08)

(3.15, -3.08)

(iv) y =

1 f ( x)

(0.845, 0.325)
x

(3.15, -0.325)

x=2 x=4

13

13.

1
(0.368, 0.368) is the minimum point.

(0.368, 0.368)
y= 1 x ln x

(i)
y

y 2 = x ln x . y

(ii)

x x

( 0.368, 2.721)

14.

y y = x 4e x

(4, 4.69)
y = 0 x

(0, 0) is the minimum point and (4, 4.69) is the maximum point.
y y 2 = x 4e x

(4, 2.17) y=0

x

(4, 2.17)

14

14(ii)

y = x 4e x
(4, 4.67) y=0
x

14(iii)

y y = x 4 e x

(4, 0.213)
y=0
x=0

15.

(i) (ii)

y = ( x + 2)2 + 4

x2 x y = +4= +4 4 2

1 2 Step 2: Translation parallel to the y-axis in the positive direction of 2 units Step 3: Reflection about the x-axis Step 1: Stretch parallel to the x-axis by a scale factor of
OR

Step 1: Stretch parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 2 Step 2: Translation parallel to the y-axis in the negative direction of 2 units Step 3: Reflection about the x-axis 16. Let f ( x) = y = x 2 . After A: y = f ( x 3) = ( x 3)2 After B: y = 2f ( x 3) = 2( x 3)2 After C: y = 2f ( x 3) + 5 = 2( x 3) 2 + 5 The equation of the resulting curve is y = 2( x 3)2 + 5 .

15

2f ( x 3) + 5 = x 2 f ( x 3) = f ( x) =
x2 5 2

( x + 3)2 5 2

x2 + 6 x + 4 The equation of the resulting curve is y = . 2

17 (i)
y = f (2 2 x )

(2, 2)

y = f (2 2x)

(1, 0)

5 ( , 0) 2

x y = 1

x=3

17 (ii)

y=4
y = 1 3 f ( x)

(0,1)

x = 4

(2, 5)

16

17(iii)

y=2f ( x)

y = 2

17(iv)
(2,
y= f ( x)

y
2)

17(v)

3
3

x
y = f ( x)

17(vi)
y

(2, 2)

y2 = f ( x)

y =1

( 3, 0 )

y = 1

x = 4

17

y
17(vii)

( 4, 0 )

(2,

1 ) 2

y = 1
y=
1 f ( x)

x = 3

x=0

18(i)

y = f ( x) y = f ( x 2) y = f ( x + 2 2) = f( x ) [ 2 units in the direction of x-axis] ( x , y ) ( x 2, y )

y =1
x

(1, 5)

x =1

18

(ii)

x y = f (1 ) 2

x x y = f(x) y = f(1 + x) y = f(1 + ) y = f (1 ) 2 2 [ translation -1 units in the direction of x-axis. stretch // x-axis, factor 2 ; Reflection in y-axis.]
( x , y ) ( x 1, y ) (2( x 1), y ) ( 2( x 1), y ) = ( 2 x + 2, y ) ( x, y ) (2 2 x, y ) y (0, 0) (2, 0)

(2, 0) (6, 0) (1, 5) (4, 5)

x =1 x = 0
x

y =1

19(a)

y = f ( x) .

x=0

(4, 5)

y = f(x)
y
(b)

f ( x) when x 0 y = f (| x |) = . f ( x) when x < 0

y = f(|x |)

19

20.

2x + 7 x+2 2( x + 2) + 3 y= x+2 3 y = 2+ x+2 A = 2, B = 3 y=

1 1 3 3 2+ x x+2 x+2 x+2

Following the formula for composite transformations, y = d + cf(bx + a)

f ( x) f ( x + 2) 3 f ( x + 2 ) 2 + 3 f ( x + 2 )

Sequence of transformations will be 1) Translation of -2 units along the x - axis 2) Scaling of 3 along the y - axis 3) Translation of 2 units along the y - axis y

7/2

-7/2

-2

20