PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) Programmable logic control or PLC is the most commonly used industrial automation technique

in the world. It is universally applied for factory automation, process control and manufacturing systems. Programmable logic control originated from the creation of computerized versions of relay control systems used to control manufacturing and chemical process systems. The programming is done using a special technique called ladder logic, which allows sequences of logical actions to be set up, inter-linked and timed. A standard task in logic control is batch control and sequencing in a process system. PLC INTRODUCTION A PLC or Programmable Logic Controller is a user friendly, microprocessor specialized computer that carries out control functions of many types and levels of complexity. Its purpose is to monitor crucial process parameters and adjust process operations accordingly. It can be programmed, controlled and operated by a person unskilled in operating computers. Essentially, a PLC's operator draws the lines and devices of ladder diagrams with a keyboard onto a display screen. The resulting drawing is converted into computer machine language and run as a user program. PLC will operate any system that has output devices that go on and off (Discrete, or Digital, outputs). It can also operate any system with variable (analog) outputs. The Programmable Logic Control can be operated on the input side by ON/OFF devices or by variable (analog) input devices. Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans was the main method for controlling a system. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for manufacturing controls. Programmable Logic Controllers have been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain predominant for some time to come. Most of this is because of the advantages they offer.

PLC ADVANTAGES

Flexibility: One single Programmable Logic Controller can easily run many machines. Correcting Errors: In old days, with wired relay-type panels, any program alterations required time for rewiring of panels and devices. With PLC control any change in circuit design or sequence is as simple as retyping the logic. Correcting errors in PLC is extremely short and cost effective.

Space Efficient: Today's Programmable Logic Control memory is getting bigger and bigger this means that we can generate more and more contacts, coils, timers, sequencers, counters and so on. We can have thousands of contact timers and counters in a single PLC. Imagine what it would be like to have so many things in one panel.

Low Cost: Prices of Programmable Logic Controlers vary from few hundreds to few thousands. This is nothing compared to the prices of the contact and coils and timers that you would pay to match the same things. Add to that the installation cost, the shipping cost and so on.

Testing: A Programmable Logic Control program can be tested and evaluated in a lab. The program can be tested, validated and corrected saving very valuable time. Visual observation: When running a PLC program a visual operation can be seen on the screen. Hence troubleshooting a circuit is really quick, easy and simple.

PLC DISADVANTAGE 1. Because it is a new technology, so that should require training. 2. Some applications that perform a single function, is not efficient in the use of PLC. 3. Limited usage environments, high temperatures and harsh vibrations can disrupt electronic equipment on the PLC. 4. Need extra security equipment such as really. 5. PLC is not considered necessary when applied to industrial systems that do not need to change the wiring

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER, PLC For this mechanical relay we use UR1 Substrate 18 trough, part no. 6ES7-400-1TA01-0AA for PLC the price is RM 2946.72. Please refer at the appendixes for product view. Repair per year (twice) = RM 4410 Energy consumption per month, 100 watt = RM0.40 1200 watt x RM0.40 = RM480

Cost per month = RM 480

Cost per year = RM 480 + RM4410 = RM 4890 Total cost per year = RM2946.72+ RM 4890 = RM 7836.72

APPENDIX

UR1 Substrate 18 trough, part no. 6ES7-400-1TA01-0AA

PRODUCT OUTPUT

CANT DECIDE UNTIL THE CIRCUIT IS DONE!!!!!