EE2302 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-2 UNIT-1 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR PART-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define pitch or in an alternator. What is meant by voltage regulation?

What are the conditions for parallel operation of an alternator? Write the causes of harmonics in the voltage and current waves of electrical machinery? Calculate the pitch factor for the under given winding: 36 stator slots, 4 poles, coil span 1 to 8 6. Write down the conditions to be satisfied for proper synchronization of alternators. 7. Why the stator core is laminated? PART-B 1. Describe construction and working of an alternator. 2. Derive the emf equation of an alternator. Explain pitch factor and distribution factor. 3. Explain the determination of direct and quadrature axis synchronous reactance using slip test. 4. A 3 phase, 6 pole, star-connected alternator revolves at 1000rpm. The stator has 90 slots and 8 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05 Wb (sinusoidally distributed). Calculate the voltage generated by the machine if the winding factor is 0.96. 5. Elaborate the discussion on capability curve with its boundaries of synchronous machine, 6. Discuss the parallel operation of two alternators with identical speed/load characteristics. 7. Explain the procedure to determine the regulation of an alternator by EMF method from open circuit and short circuit test data. 8. A three phase star-connected synchronous generator rated at 10kVA, 4000V has an armature resistance of 0.5/phase and synchronous reactance of 1.2 /phase. Calculate the voltage regulation at full load at 0.8 power factor lagging using EMF method. 9. Derive the emf equation of an alternator and explain the terms involved. 10. A three phase, 50Hz, 8 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 120 slots and 8 conductor per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05Wb, sinusoidally distributed. Determine the phase and line voltages if the coil if full pitched. 11. A 5kVA, 220V, star-connected three phase salient pole alternator with direct and quadrature axes reactance 12 and 7 respectively, delivers full load current at unity power factor. Calculate the excitation voltage, neglecting resistance. 12. Two exactly similar turbo-alternators are rated at 25MW each. They are running in parallel. The speed load characteristics of the driving turbines are such that the frequency of alternator-1 drops uniformly from 50Hz to 48Hz on full load and that of alternator-2 from 50Hz to 47.5. How will the two machines share a load of 40MW?

13. What is armature reaction? Explain the effect of armature reaction on the terminal voltage of an alternator at (i) unity power factor load and (ii) zero leading power factor loads. Draw the relevant phasor diagram. 14. A 1500 kVA, 6600V, three phase star-connected alternator with a resistance of 0.4 and reactance of 6/phase lagging, and normal rated voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at 0.8pf lagging. 15. What is meant by synchronizing alternators? Explain with diagram any one method of synchronizing two three-phase alternators. 16. Determine armature reaction and explain the effect of armature reaction on different power factor loads of synchronous generators. 17. Explain two reaction theory of salient pole synchronous machine. 18. An 11kV, 1000kV, 3 phase, star-connected alternator has a resistance of 2/phase. The OC and full load zero power factor characteristics are given below. Find the voltage regulation of the alternator for full load current at 0.8pf lagging by potier method. Field current(A) 40 50 110 140 180 OCC line voltage 5800 7000 12500 137500 15000 Line volts zero pf 0 1500 8500 10500 12500

UNIT-3 INDUCTION MOTOR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. PART-A Why the rotor slots are slightly skewed in squirrel cage IM? A 50Hz, 6 pole, 3-phase induction motor runs at 970 rpm. Find slip. What are the fundamental characteristics of a rotating magnetic field. State two advantages of speed control of induction motor by injecting an e.m.f in the rotor circuit. What is locked rotor torque? Why slots on the motor of induction motor are skewed? A 3 phase, 50Hz, induction motor has 2 poles, if the slip is 2% at a certain load, determine the speed of the rotor. Mention some of the applications of three phase induction motor.

PART-B 1. Explain the principle of operation of 3-phase induction motor and explain how the rotating magnetic field is produced by three phase currents. 2. A 50 HP, 6-pole, 50Hz, slip ring induction motor runs at 960 rpm on full load with a rotor current of 40A. Allow 300W for copper loss in S.C and 1200 W for mechanical losses, find R2 per phase of the 3-phase rotor. 3. Derive the expression for the torque of an induction motor and obtain the condition for maximum torque. 4. A three phase induction motor has starting torque 100% and a maximum torque of 200% of full load torque. Find slip at maximum torque. 5. Explain the different power stages of an induction motor with losses. 6. An 18.65 kW, 4 pole, 50Hz, 3 phase induction motor has friction and windage losses of 2.5% of the output. Full load slip is 4%. Find for full load. (a) Rotor copper losses. (b) Rotor input (c) Shaft torque (d) The gross electromagnetic torque. 7. Write a brief note on induction generator. 8. Write a brief note on double cage rotor induction motors. 9. Explain briefly how slip-frequency currents are set up in the rotor bars of a three phase induction motor and why this frequency varies with load. 10. A 415V, 3 phase, 50Hz, 4 pole, star-connected induction motor runs at 24 rev/s on full load. The rotor resistance and reactance per phase are 0.35ohm and 3.5Ohm respectively and the effective rotor-stator turns ratios is 0.85:1

Calculate: (a) Slip (b) The full load torque (c) The power output if the mechanical losses amount to 770W. (d) The maximum torque, (e) The speed at which the maximum torque occurs and (f) The starting torque. 11. The following data refers to a 12 pole, 420V, 50Hz, three phase mesh connected induction motor.(r1=2.95, x1=6.82, r2=2.08, x2=4.1 per phase) On no load, the line value of magnetizing current is 6.7A and the total core loss is 269W. determine the power factor, input current, equivalent rotor current and torque developed by the motor at a slip of 3% using exact equivalent circuit. Determine the maximum torque developed and the corresponding speed. 12. Draw the approximate circuit model of an induction motor and explain what each circuit element represents. 13. A 6 pole, 50Hz, 3 phase induction has a rotor resistance of 0.25 per phase and a maximum torque of 10 N-m at 875 rpm. Calculate (1) the torque when the slip is 5% and (2) the resistance to be added to the rotor circuit to obtain 60% of the maximum torque at starting. Explain why two values are obtained for this resistance. Which value will be used? The stator impedance is assumed to be negligible. 14. Discuss briefly the effect on the speed torque characteristics of an induction motor produced by: 91) halving the applied voltage with normal frequency (2) halving both the applied voltage and frequency. 15. A 12 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz induction motor draws 2.80A and 110kW under blocked rotor test. Find the starting torque when a direct to rated voltage and frequency supply. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal under blocked rotor test.