Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No.

4, October 2011, PP: 321-328

.
. . .
. .

Keywords AC-AC power conversion, five-phase matrix converter, Indirect Space Vector Modulation


1. .INTRODUCTION

AC-AC power converters transform a constant voltage
constant frequency supply into a variable voltage with
variable frequency output required for many applications, as
the adjustable speed drives. There are two kinds of AC-AC
converter topologies, as shown in Fig.1:
DC-Link converters (AC-DC-AC)
Direct AC-AC converters
DC link converters have the disadvantage of large capacitor
for the voltage source inverters or large inductor for the
current source inverters. These disadvantages are overcome
by direct AC-AC converters.


Now the matrix converter is the superior of direct AC-AC
converters. Was firstly introduced in 1976 and it steadily
growth, pushed by the progress of the power electronics
device technology. In recent years the matrix converter has
received an increased amount of interest and has been
studied intensely as an alternative to conventional AC-DC-
AC power converter systems.
This paper proposes a new matrix converter which converts
the ac power from three-phase to five-phase when
supplying inductive loads.

2. FIVE-PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER
TOPOLOGY

The analysis of the proposed system can be achieved using
either of two strategies:

a) Direct Matrix Converter (DMC), and
b) Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC).

Direct Five-Phase Matrix Converter

The direct five-phase matrix converter is a direct three-
phase to five-phase through one stage; it utilizes fifteen
switches, as shown in Fig.2. Each of the fifteen switches
depicted is a bidirectional switch, which are connected so
that any of the input phases (A, B, and C) can be connected
to any of the output phases; (a, b, c, d, and e) for a given
switching.

With the fifteen bi-directional switches, the Matrix
Converter has 2
15
different switching states. Some of the
basic rules or constrains must be regarded when applying
different switching states to the Matrix Converter at any
switching time. These rules are:

The input phases must never be shorted, and
The output phases must not be left open, due
to the inductive nature of the load.

Due to the above constraints, the switching states reduce to
3
5
different switching combinations for connecting output
phases to input phases.
A Novel Five-Phase Matrix-Converter
Using Space Vector Modulation Control Algorithm

Essam M. Rashad, SMIEEE

Sheriff M. Dabour
emrashad@ieee.org

shdabour@yahoo.com
Faculty of Engineering-Tanta University-Egypt

ABSTRACT

In this paper the control algorithm for a novel five-phase matrix converter under balanced input voltage conditions
is proposed. This algorithm is essentially based on the indirect space vector modulation. The complete algorithm, analysis
and the model of the proposed matrix converter are introduced. The model has been applied for the case of inductive loads.
The simulation results of input-output voltages and current waveforms are presented. Finally, the results show that five-
phase matrix converter based on space vector modulation can be implemented.
E. M. Rashad and S. M. Dabour, A Novel Five-Phase Matrix Converter ..
Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, PP: 321-328


The output voltages :
o
(v
a
v
b
v
c
v
d
v
e
) and the input currents
i

(i
A
i
B
i
C
) are therefore derived directly from the input
voltages :

(v
A
v
B
v
C
), and the output currents i
o
(i
a
i
b
i
c
i
d
i
e
)
as following.

|:
o
] = |S]. |:

] (1)

|i

] = |S]
1
. |i
o
] (2)

where, S is the modulation matrix or the duty cycles of the
switches.

S =
l
l
l
l
l
S
uA
S
uB
S
uC
S
bA
S
bB
S
bC
S
cA
S
dA
S
cA
S
cB
S
dB
S
cB
S
cC
S
dC
S
cC
1
1
1
1
1
(3)
Indirect Five-Phase Matrix Converter

This topology to model the matrix converter actually
corresponds to regard the matrix converter as a double-
PWM converter without any DC-Link energy storage,
where matrix converter was described to an equivalent
model combining current source rectifier and voltage source
inverter connected through virtual dc link and it was first
proposed by [6] for three phase to three-phase matrix
converter, and by applying this algorithm on the direct five-
phase matrix converter, the resulting indirect five-phase
matrix converter is shown in Fig. 3.

The rectifier stage has the same topology of the three-phase
rectifier with six switches, S
1
~ S
6
, and the Inverter stage
has a standard five-phase voltage source inverter topology
consisting of ten switches, S
7
~ S
16
. Both power stages are
directly connected through virtual dc-link and inherently
provide bidirectional power flow capability because of its
symmetrical topology.

3. SPACE VECTOR MODULATION OF THE
PROPOSED CONVERTER

The space vector modulation (SVM) technique constructs
the desired sinusoidal output five-phase voltage by selecting
the valid switching states of a matrix converter and
calculating their corresponding on-time durations.

The basic idea of the indirect modulation is to decouple the
control of the input current and the control of output
voltage. This is done by splitting the modulation matrix S
for the converter into the product of a rectifier transfer
function R and an inverter transfer function I. The
modulation matrix for the Matrix Converter is thus defined
as following [3], [4]:

S = I. R (4)
Where I =
l
l
l
l
l
s
7
s
8
s
9
s
10
s
11
s
13
s
15
s
12
s
14
s
16
1
1
1
1
1
(5)

And R = j
s
1
s
3
s
5
s
2
s
4
s
6
[ (6)

Therefore
S =
l
l
l
l
l
s
7
s
1
+s
8
s
2
s
7
s
3
+s
8
s
4
s
7
s
5
+s
8
s
6
s
9
s
1
+s
10
s
2
s
9
s
3
+s
10
s
4
s
9
s
5
+s
10
s
6
s
11
s
1
+s
12
s
2
s
13
s
1
+s
14
s
2
s
15
s
1
+s
16
s
2
s
11
s
3
+s
12
s
4
s
13
s
3
+s
14
s
4
s
15
s
3
+s
16
s
4
s
11
s
5
+s
12
s
6
s
13
s
5
+s
14
s
6
s
15
s
5
+s
16
s
6
1
1
1
1
1
(7)

The above transfer matrix exhibits that the output phases are
compounded by the product and sum of the input phases
through rectifier switches S
1
~ S
6
and inverter switches S
7
~
S
16
.

l
l
l
l
l
:
u
:
b
:
c
:
d
:
c
1
1
1
1
1
=
l
l
l
l
l
S
uA
S
uB
S
uC
S
bA
S
bB
S
bC
S
cA
S
dA
S
cA
S
cB
S
dB
S
cB
S
cC
S
dC
S
cC
1
1
1
1
1
_
:
A
:
B
:
C
_ (8)

The first row of the above matrix represents how output
phase a is built from the input phase A, B and C for the
direct MC using indirect topology and this mathematical
expression can be interpreted again in the graphical
viewpoint as shown in Fig. 4.


Fig. 3: Indirect Five-phase Matrix converter topology.


Fig 2: Direct Five-phase Matrix converter topology.

E. M. Rashad and S. M. Dabour, A Novel Five-Phase Matrix Converter ..
Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, PP: 321-328

Based on the indirect modulation technique the following
sections describe two independent space vector modulations
for three-phase current source rectifier, and five-phase
voltage source inverter stages and then the two modulation
results are combined to modulate the five-phase matrix
converter.

Space Vector Rectifier (SVR)

The rectifier converts the input three-phase voltage to DC-
voltage. At the same time the rectifier algorithm assures the
input currents to be sinusoidal. This section introduces a
space vector PWM in the rectifier stage. The rectifier part of
the equivalent model shown in Fig. 3 can be assumed to be
a stand-alone current source rectifier (CSR) as shown in
Fig. 5.


Fig. 5: Rectifier stage topology

In the indirect space vector modulation, all quantities are
referred to a virtual dc link which is obtained by chop of the
input voltages.

The input currents can be represented as the virtual dc-link
current I
DC
multiplied by the switching states of rectifier
transfer function R given by eq. (6) as following;

_
I
A
I
B
I
C
_ = _
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
_ . _
I
p
I
n
_ (9)
Then the input current I
IN
is expressed as space vectors as
following;

I
IN
=
2
S
(I
A
+o. I
B
+o
2
. I
C
)

= |I
IN
|c
]u
i
(10)

The rectifier switches, S
1
~ S
6
can have only possible nine
allowed combinations to avoid an open circuit at the dc link
rails. The nine combinations can be divided into six nonzero
input currents which are active vector I
1
~ I
6
and three zero
input currents which are zero vector I
7
~ I
9
, as in Table 1,
and Fig. 6 shows current space vector hexagon.

TABLE 1

Switching states and switching vectors for the Rectifier side

Vectors On switch I
A
I
B
I
C
I
IN
o

I
1
S1S4 I
p
-I
p
u
2
3
I
p
-/6
I
2
S1S6 I
p
u -I
p

2
3
I
p
/6
I
3
S3S6 u I
p
-I
p

2
3
I
p
/2
I
4
S2S3 -I
p
I
p
u
2
3
I
p
5/6
I
5
S2S5 -I
p
u I
p

2
3
I
p
-5/6
I
6
S4S5 u -I
p
I
p

2
3
I
p
-/2
I
7
S1S2 u u u u u
I
8
S3S4 u u u u u
I
9
S5S6 u u u u u


Fig. 6: Rectifier current hexagon

I
3
(BC)
1
2 3
4
5 6
I
1
(AB)
I
2
(AC)
I
4
(BA)
I
5
(CA)
I
6
(CB)

(a)


(b)

Fig. 4: Transformation from indirect model to direct matrix converter in
phase a (a) Phase A of indirect model, and (b) Phase a of direct model

E. M. Rashad and S. M. Dabour, A Novel Five-Phase Matrix Converter ..
Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, PP: 321-328

Figure 7 shows the reference input current vector I
IN
*
within a sector of the current hexagon. The I
IN
* is
synthesized by impressing the adjacent switching vectors I

and I

with the duty cycles d

and d

, respectively.


If the input currents are considered constant during a short
switching interval T
S
, the reference vector can be expressed
by the current-time product sum of the adjacent active
vectors as;

I
IN
-
= J
y
. I
y
+J
6
. I
6
+J
o
. I
o
(11)

Thus, the duty cycle of the active vectors are written as;

J
y
= m
c
. sin[
n
S
-0
c

(12)
J
6
= m
c
. sin (0
c
)

J
o
= 1 -(J
y
-J
6
)

where,
C
indicates the angle of the reference current vector
within the actual hexagon sector. The m
C
is the current
modulation index and defines the desired current transfer
ratio such as
u m
C
1

m
C
=
I
IN
-
I
C

The current modulation index m
C
is often fixed to unity and
the voltage modulation index m
V
is variable according to a
required overall voltage transfer gain.

Space Vector Inverter (SVI)

This section introduces a space vector PWM in the inverter
stage. Consider the inverter part of the equivalent model in
Fig. 3 as a standalone VSI supplied by a dc voltage source,
as shown in Fig.8. The power conversion is performed via
the virtual dc-link of V
DC
.

where, V
DC
= V
p
- V
n


The output voltages can be obtained by multiplying the
virtual dc-link voltage V
DC
by inverter transfer function I so
that:
l
l
l
l
l
I
u
I
b
I
c
I
d
I
c
1
1
1
1
1
=
l
l
l
l
l
s
7
s
8
s
9
s
10
s
11
s
13
s
15
s
12
s
14
s
16
1
1
1
1
1
_
v
DC
2
-v
DC
2
_ (13)


Then the output voltage space vector is expressed as a
function of phase voltages as follows:

I
out
=
2
S
(I
u
+b. I
b
+b
2
. I
c
+b
3
. I
d
+b
4
. I
c
)

= |I
out
|c
]u
c
(14)

where, b = c
]2n5
, V
OUT
is the output voltage, and o
o
is the
space vector angle. The inverter switches, S
7
- S
16
have only
thirty two allowed combinations to avoid a short circuit
through five half bridges. The thirty two combinations have
thirty nonzero output voltages or active vectors (V
1
to V
30
)
and two zero output voltages or zero vector V
0
as shown in
Table 2. The discrete thirty two space vectors can be
represented as a decagon in a complex plane shown in Fig.
9.


Fig.9: The inverter stage decagon


Fig.8: Inverter stage from of indirect five-phase matrix converter
Vp
Vn
E. M. Rashad and S. M. Dabour, A Novel Five-Phase Matrix Converter ..
Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, PP: 321-328

TABLE 2
SWITCHING STATES AND SWITCHING VECTORS FOR THE INVERTER SIDE
Vectors F
a
F
h
F
c
F
d
F
e
F
uut
u
u

V
1
(11001)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
0
V
2
(11000)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
/5
V
3
(11100)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
2/5
V
4
(01100)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
3/5
V
5
(01110)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
4/5
V
6
(00110)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.6472I
C

V
7
(00111)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
-4/5
V
8
(00011)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
-3/5
V
9
(10011)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
-2/5
V
10
(10001)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.6472I
C
-/5
V
11
(10000)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.4I
C
0
V
12
(11101)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.4I
C
/5
V
13
(01000)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.4I
C
2/5
V
14
(11110)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.4I
C
3/5
V
15
(10100)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.4I
C
4/5
V
16
(01111)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.4I
C

V
17
(00010)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.4I
C
-4/5
V
18
(10111)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.4I
C
-3/5
V
19
(10111)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.4I
C
-2/5
V
20
(11011)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.4I
C
-/5
V
21
(01001)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
0
V
22
(11010)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
/5
V
23
(11010)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
2/5
V
24
(11010)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
3/5
V
25
(11010)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
4/5
V
26
(10110)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.2472I
C

V
27
(00101)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
-4/5
V
28
(01011)
-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
-3/5
V
29
(10010)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
-2/5
V
30
(10101)
v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

v
DC
2
u.2472I
C
-/5
V
31
(00000)
-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2

-v
DC
2
0 0
V
32
(11111)
v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2

v
DC
2
0 0
The space vector scheme reviewed here considers the outer
most and the intermediate decagons of space vectors in d-q
plane as shown in Fig.10.

Fig.10: Synthesis of reference voltage vector

Figure 10 shows the outermost decagon of the input
reference voltage vector V
o
* within a sector of the voltage
decagon. The V
o
* is synthesized by impressing the adjacent
voltage vectors I
u
and I
[
with the duty cycles J
u
and J
[
,
respectively.

J
u
= m

. sin(nS -0

) (15)

J
[
= m

. sin (0

) (16)

where
m

=
I
o
-
I
I
sin (4nS)


I
I
= u.6472I
C


Therefore maximum fundamental peak output voltage V
max

is given by:

I
mux
= u.6472I
C
cos [
n
1u

= u.61SS I
C


Space vector modulation with large and medium vectors is
based on the proportional sub-division of the time of
application of each vector from outer and intermediate
sectors. The times obtained are sub-divided according to the
ratio of medium and large vector lengths, so that the duty
ratios are given by:

J
uI
= J
u
v
l
v
l
+v
m


J
um
= J
u
v
m
v
l
+v
m

(17)
J
[I
= J
[
v
l
v
l
+v
m


J
[m
= J
[
v
m
v
l
+v
m



where, I
m
= u.4I
C


V

V
o
*

v

E. M. Rashad and S. M. Dabour, A Novel Five-Phase Matrix Converter ..
Engineering Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, PP: 321-328

L
i
n
e

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
v
)

P
h
a
s
e

C
u
r
r
e
n
t
s

(
A
)

L
i
n
e

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
v
)

time (s)
P
h
a
s
e

C
u
r
r
e
n
t
s

(
A
)

time (s)
L
i
n
e

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
v
)

P
h
a
s
e

C
u
r
r
e
n
t
s

(
A
)


The time of zero space vectors application can be obtained
so that its duty ratio J
o
is given by:

J
o
= 1 -(J
uI
+J
um
+J
[I
+J
[m
) (18)

To minimize the number of the inverter-switching, the
sequence of the impressed voltage vectors is given by:

I
um
- I
[I
- I
uI
- I
[m
- I
o


4. SIMULATION RESULT

Simulation of the five-phase matrix converter has been
performed with a passive RL load. The load parameters are
10 and 0.12H. The converter is fed by a three-phase
sinusoidal supply which has line voltage and frequency of
380V and 50Hz, respectively. The switches are controlled
using the indirect space vector modulation method
described above at switching frequency of 6-kHz. Three
values of output frequencies have been considered, namely
30, 50, and 70-Hz.

Figures 11, 12, and 13 describe the output line voltage and
load currents of the MC for the above mentioned
conditions. This figure shows very clearly the validity of the
proposed model of the MC.



(a)



(b)

Fig. 11: For output frequency 30Hz (a) output line voltage, (b) output five
phase currents.

The RL load currents are near sinusoidal currents. In
addition, it can be observed that the matrix converter can
generate output frequencies that are not restricted by the
source frequency.




(a)


(b)

Fig. 12: For output frequency 50Hz (a) output line voltage, (b) output five
phase currents.



(a)




(b)

Fig. 13: For output frequency 70 Hz (a) output line voltage, (b) output five
phase currents.

Figure 14 shows that the input current generated by the MC
has the form of several pulses with a high di/dt, making it
necessary to introduce an input filter to avoid the generation
of over-voltages. This figure shows very clearly zero input
time (s)
time (s)
time (s)
time (s)
E

t

F



F






V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
v
)
Engineering R
current displac
the MC. While
Fig. 14: The inpu
Fig. 15: Virtual
angle, 220 v input
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
v
)

Table 3 list th
the change of t

TOTAL HARMON


5. Conclusi

This paper pre
converter base
algorithm. Th
combination o
Both rectifier
Simulation res
According to
presented is a
An experimen
will be conside

E. M. Rash
Research Journa
cement angle i
e Fig. 15 show
ut voltage v
A
and cu
DC voltage at m
t voltage, and inpu
v
A

he change in T
the output freq
TA
NIC DISTORTION F
Output frequen
20
30
50
70
100
ion
esents a novel t
ed on the ind
he converter
of three-phase r
and inverter
sults are presen
the results o
advisable for th
ntal implemen
ered in future w
had and S. M. D
al, Vol. 34, No
i.e. unity input
s the virtual dc
urrent i
A

m
c
=1, zero input
ut frequency 50 Hz
time (s)
i
A

THD of the ou
quency.
ABLE 3

FOR DIFFERENT OU

ncy (Hz) % TH
4.84
4.42
4. 13
4.62
5.21
three-phase to
direct space v
has been c
rectifier and fiv
r are space v
nted for five ph
btained, the c
he establishing
tation of the
work.
Dabour, A N
o. 4, October 20
t power factor
c-link voltage.
current displacem
z.
utput current w
UTPUT FREQUENCIE
HD
4
2
3
2

five-phase mat
ector modulat
considered as
ve-phase inver
ector modulat
hase passive lo
control algorit
g in the indust
proposed syst
Novel Five-Phas
011, PP: 321-3
r of


ment
6. Re
[1] M.
Tec
Pow
[2] A
Am
Pow
[3] P.
Mat
Feed
Proc
[4] H. J.
adju
A&
[5] A Iqb
Out
Inve
Feb
[6] H X
Driv
Pow
[7] H.
Vec
Con
[8] Bim
Pren





with
ES
trix
tion
s a
rter.
ted.
oad.
thm
try.
tem
se Matrix Conv
28
eferences
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hnique Which E
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