MODULE 0 2

NONPARAMETRIC TEST WITH SPSS

Test statistics

CHI SQUARE Data. Use ordered or unordered numeric categorical variables (ordinal or nominal levels of measurement). PROCEDURES 1. Click on Analyze from the menu bar. 2. Click on Descriptive Statistics from the pull-down menu. 3. Click on Crosstabs to open the Crosstabs dialog box. 4. Click on the name of the row variable (gender) and the top right arrow button. 5. Click on the name of the column variable (goals) and the middle right arrow button. 6. Click on the Cells button to open the Crosstabs: Cell Display dialog box. 7. Click on Row in the Percentages box to indicate that you want percentages by gender (the row variable). 8. Click on Continue. 9. Click on the Statistics button to open the Crosstabs: Statistics dialog box. 10. Click on Chi-Square. 11. Click on Continue. 12. Click on OK.

One sample t test Data. To test the values of a quantitative variable against a hypothesized test value, choose a quantitative variable and enter a hypothesized test value.

PAIR SAMPLE T TEST

Data. For each paired test, specify two quantitative variables (interval level of measurement or ratio level of measurement). For a matched-pairs or case-control study, the response for each test subject and its matched control subject must be in the same case in the data file. Enter OR opening the data file: 1. Click on Analyze from the menu bar. 2. Click on Compare Means from the pull-down menu. 3. Click on Paired-Samples T Test from the pull-down menu. This opens the Paired-Samples T Test dialog box . 4. Click on the before variable. It will appear in the Current Selections box as Variable 1. 5. Click on the after variable. It will appear in the Current Selections box as Variable 2.

6. Move the paired variables into the Paired Variables box by clicking on the right arrow button. 7. Click on OK to run the procedure.

Independent sample t test

Data. The values of the quantitative variable of interest are in a single column in the data file. The procedure uses a grouping variable with two values to separate the cases into two groups. The grouping variable can be numeric (values such as 1 and 2 or 6.25 and 12.5) or short string (such as yes and no). As an alternative, you can use a quantitative variable, such as age, to split the cases into two groups by specifying a cutpoint . Assumptions. For the equal-variance t test, the observations should be independent, random samples from normal distributions with the same population variance. For the unequal-variance t test, the observations should be independent, random samples from normal distributions. The two-sample t test is fairly robust to departures from normality. When checking distributions graphically, look to see that they are symmetric and have no outliers.

Procedures 1. Click on Analyze from the menu bar. 2. Click on Compare Means from the pull-down menu. 3. Click on Independent Samples T-Test from the pull-down menu to open the IndependentSamples T Test dialog box . 4. Click on and move the temp variable the Test Variable(s) box using the upper right arrow button. 5. Click on and move the sex variable to the Grouping Variable box using the lower right arrow button. 6. Notice that two question marks appear in parentheses after the variable sex. This signifies that you need to indicate the two values of the class variable for which you wish to calculate mean differences. To do so, click on Define Groups to open the Define Groups dialog box. 7. In our example, females are coded 0 and males are coded 1. Therefore, enter these numbers in the Group 1 and Group 2 boxes. (The cut point option is used if there are more than two values of the grouping variable.) 8. Click on Continue to close the dialog box. 9. Click on OK to run the procedure.

OUTPUT

To Obtain Tests for Several Independent Samples

This feature requires the Statistics Base option. From the menus choose: Analyze Nonparametric Tests Legacy Dialogs K Independent Samples...

Select one or more numeric variables.

Select a grouping variable and click Define Range to specify minimum and maximum integer values for the grouping variable.

KRUSKA WALIS
Data. Use numeric variables that can be ordered. Assumptions. Use independent, random samples. The Kruskal-Wallis H test requires that the tested samples be similar in shape

Mann-Whitney Test Moses Test Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Data. Use quantitative variables (interval or ratio level of measurement).

Wald-Wolfowitz Test Median Test Sign Test

Compiled by Oloyede I/08053049890 Research Embassy @ http://doctoralresearch.gnbo.com.ng