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INTRODUCTION Density is used to characterize subs. It is defined as the amount of matter occupying a unit of volume. Density is commonly expressed in g/ml for liquids, g/cm for solids & g/L for gases. It is also describes the characteristic property of the material. D= Where: D=density M=mass V=volume The mass of a liquid / solid may be taken directly from a balance. Similarly, the volume of a liquid sample may be read from a graduated cylinder. For regular solids like a cube / rectangular solid, their volumes can be calculated using the formula V = S & V = lwh respectively. S refers to the length of one of the sides of the cube while l, w, h is for rectangular solids. For irregularly-shaped solids, their volumes are taken using the water displacement method. The irregularly shaped solid is immersed in water & the volume is taken as the volume of the irregularly shaped solid.
Densities Solids
Regular (Weigh all) Wooden blocks Thickness Width Length Marble Diameter Circumference Radius Liquids Type of liquid Water Isopropyl alcohol Coconut oil Unknown (Kerosene) Measurement (50 ml) (5 ml) (5 ml) (5 ml) Measure of graduated Cylinder (100 ml) (10 ml) (10 ml) (10 ml) Pebbles -- weigh -- immerse ( water displacement method) Irregular
Rectangular
Spherical
Mass
46 g 3.3 g 4.8 g 3.1 g
Volume
50 ml 5.0 ml 5.0 ml 5.0 ml
Known density at 30 C
1 g/ml 0.80 g/ml 0.90 g/ml 0.81 g/ml
Percentage Error
8% 18% -7% 23%
In Table 1.1, the results show us that in measuring liquids with the same volume, their mass and density are different. Derived from the experiment we notice that the Coconut oil has the greatest mass among the given liquids while the Unknown Liquid Sample has the least mass.
Table 1.2 Results of Density Measurement of a Regular Rectangular Solid Regular Rectangular Solid Block of wood Mass
33.9 g
Length
48 cm
Width
37 cm
Height
36 cm
Volume
Density
In Table 1.2, there is an indication that shows us in measuring rectangular-shaped solids we use the formula V = lwh to get the volume and then divide the mass by the volume to get the density.
Table 1.3 Results of Density Measurement of a Regular Spherical Solid Regular Spherical Solid Marble Mass
29 g
Diameter
70.2 cm
Volume
Density
In Table 1.3, we can see that the density was derived by using the formula ( we can derive the volume. And mass over volume will give us the density.
Table 1.4 Results of Density Measurement of an Irregular Solid Irregular Solid Pebble Mass
4.8 g
Volume
2 ml
Density
7.4 g/ml
In Table 1.4, we can see the density was derived by dividing mass over volume. In order for us to get the volume of an irregular-shaped solid we had to immerse it in water. This method is called water displacement method. We subtract the final volume of water from the initial volume of water to derive the volume of the irregular-shaped object.
REFERENCES Samonte, Joseph L.; Figueroa, Lolibeth V. General Chemistry Laboratory Manual 3 Publishing, Inc. 2007
rd
Edition C&E
Prepared by: Arkel Jed Angelo G. Espaar, BS Computer Engineering Freshman College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology De La Salle University-Dasmarias Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines Lassanah Mamadu A. Keita, BS Computer Engineering Freshman College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology De La Salle University-Dasmarias Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines