K-12

Submitted by: Andasan, Rochelle Garcia, Michelle Sinag, Maila Reyes, Therese H29

Submitted to: Ms. Raymundo

What is K to 12? 1. K to 12 means Kindergarten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary education.

Kindergarten refers to the 5-year old cohort that takes a standardized kinder curriculum. Elementary education refers to primary schooling that involves six or seven years of education Secondary education refers to high school.

2. It is extending basic education by two years, so instead of having a high school graduate at 16 (years old), we will have high schoolers graduating at 18. 3. Seeks to provide a quality 12-year basic education program that each Filipino is entitled to. Furthermore, the purpose is not simply to add 2 more years of education but more importantly to enhance the basic education curriculum.

Features of K 6-4-2
(1) Kindergarten and 12 years of quality basic education is a right of every Filipino, therefore they must be and will be provided by government and will be free. (2) Those who go through the 12 years cycle will get an elementary diploma (6 years), a junior high school diploma (4 years), and a senior high school diploma (2 years). (3) A full 12 years of basic education will eventually be required for entry into tertiary level education (entering freshmen by SY 2018-2019 or seven years from now).
An open and consultative process will be adopted in the development and

implementation of K to 12.
Change is two-fold: (a) curriculum enhancement and (b) transition management.

Why add two more years?

To decongest and enhance the basic education curriculum To provide better quality education for all The Philippines is the only remaining country in Asia with a 10-year basic education

program
K to 12 is not new. The proposal to expand the basic education dates back to 1925.

 Studies in the Philippines have shown that an additional year of schooling increases

earnings by 7.5%.
Studies validate that improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP

growth by 2% to 2.2%.
Minus 2 instead of plus 2 for those families who cannot afford a college education but

still wish to have their children find a good paying job. Right now, parents spend for at least 4 years of college to have an employable child. In our model, parents will not pay for 2 years of basic education that will give them an employable child. In effect, we are saving parents 2 years of expenses. The plan is not Plus 2 years before graduation but Minus 2 years before work
To inspire a shift in attitude that completion of high school education is more than just

preparation for college but can be sufficient for a gainful employment or career.

K to 12 Education Vision
Graduates of Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program will:
Acquire mastery of basic competencies. Be more emotionally mature. Be socially aware, pro-active, involved in public and civic affairs. Be adequately prepared for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. Be legally employable with potential for better earnings. Be globally competitive. Every graduate of the Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program is an empowered

individual who has learned, through a program that is rooted on sound educational principles and geared towards excellence, the foundations for learning throughout life, the competence to engage in work and be productive, the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to engage in autonomous critical thinking, and the capacity to transform others and ones self.

Pros & Cons in the K+12 Basic Education Debate

In his MINI CRITIQUE column that appears in The Philippine Star, October 14, 2010, Isagani Cruz summarized the following pros and cons on the K+12 debate: The PROS (which is basically the side of the government, well-heeled and articulate leaders from the academe, the business community and the media): Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students. One reason is that students do not get adequate instructional time or time on task. International test results consistently show Filipino students lagging way behind practically everybody else in the world. In the 2008 mathematics exam, for example, we came in dead last. The congested curriculum partly explains the present state of education. Twelve years of content are crammed into ten years. This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. If ten years were adequate, how come employers do not hire fresh high school graduates? How come most high school graduates flunk the UPCAT? Most graduates are too young to enter the labor force. Since most children start Grade 1 when they are 6 years old, they do not reach the legal employable age of 18 when they graduate from high school today. The current system also reinforces the misperception that basic education is just a preparatory step for higher education. Why prioritize the minority of high school graduates that go to college? The short duration of the basic education program also puts the millions of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), especially the professionals, and those who intend to study abroad, at a disadvantage. Our graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad. The best examples are our engineering graduates, who are condemned to international jobs not befitting their professional status due to our not having a 12-year basic education cycle. The short basic education program affects the human development of the Filipino children. If we believe that 17-year-old high school graduates are emotionally, psychologically, and intellectually mature, why do we require them to get parental consent before they get married?

The CONS (which are basically the madlang people whose pocketbooks would be adversely impacted by the proposed additional 2 years of basic education):

Parents have to shell out more money (for transportation and food) for the education of their children. The government does not have the money to pay for two more years of free education, since it does not even have the money to fully support todays ten years. DepEd must first solve the lack of classrooms, furniture and equipment, qualified teachers, and error-free textbooks. We can do in ten years what everyone else in the world takes 12 years to do. Why do we have to follow what the rest of the world is doing? We are better than all of them. Filipinos right now are accepted in prestigious graduate schools in the world, even with only ten years of basic education. As far as the curriculum is concerned, DepEd should fix the current subjects instead of adding new ones. The problem is the content, not the length, of basic education. As an editorial put it, we need to have better education, not more education. A high school diploma will not get anybody anywhere, because business firms will not hire fresh high school graduates. Every family dreams of having a child graduate from college. While students are stuck in Grades 11 and 12, colleges and universities will have no freshmen for two years. This will spell financial disaster for many private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The drop-out rate will increase because of the two extra years.

Law of Demand in relation to K-12 system

1. 2. 3. 4. More years in school lower demand by some parents More years in school possible decrease in number of enrolees More years in school possible decrease in quality of education More years in school possible decrease in teachers

Law of Supply in relation to the K-12 system

1. More years in school higher chance of landing a decent job (even abroad) 2. More years in school increase in number of needed facilities and materials 3. Decrease in teachers decrease in quality of education

Sources: http://www.gov.ph/2010/11/02/briefer-on-the-enhanced-k12-basic-education-program/ http://www.smartparenting.com.ph/kids/preschooler/k-12-101-a-primer-on-the-new-philippineeducation-curriculum