NAME CLASS

: OOI SUE CHENG : 5ST

TEACHER : PN. WAN SAUDA BT. MOHD. ZAIN

OBJECTIVES

The aims of carrying out this project work are:

1. To apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems.

2. To improve thinking skills. 3. To promote effective mathematical communication. 4. To develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a way that increase student interest and confidence. 5. To use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. 6. To provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning. 7. To develop positive attitude towards mathematics.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank God that finally, I have succeeded in finishing this project work. I would like to thank my beloved Additional Mathematics teacher, Pn. Wan Sauda bt. Mohd. Zain for all the guidance she had provided me during the process in finishing this project work. I also appreciate her patience in guiding me completing this project work. I would like to give a thousand thanks to my father and mother for giving me their full support in this project work, financially and mentally. They gave me moral support when I needed it. I would also like to thank my fellow friends who had helped me in finding the information that Im clusless of, and the time we spent together discussing this project work. Last but not least, I would like to express my highest gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this coursework. I really appreciate all the help. Again, thank you very much.

CONTENTS
NO CONTENT PAGE

1 2 3 4

OBJECTIVES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTRODUCTION PART 1 8 9 - 10 PART 2 12 15 15 - 16

1 2 4-7 8

Part 1 (i) Part 1 (ii)

5

11

Part 2 (a) Part 2 (b) (i) Part 2 (b) (ii)

6

PART 3 17 20 17 17 - 18 18 19 FURTHER EXPLORATION CONCLUSION REFLECTION

17

Part 3 (a) Part 3 (b) Part 3 (c) Part 3 (d) Part 3 (e) Part 3 (f)
7 8 9

21 - 25 26 27

INTRODUCTION
A healthy diet is one that helps maintain or improve general health. It is important for lowering many chronic health risks, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cancer. A healthy diet involves consuming appropriate amounts of all essential nutrients and an adequate amount of water. Nutrients can be obtained from many different foods, so there are numerous diets that may be considered healthy. A healthy diet needs to have a balance of macro nutrients (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates), calories to support energy needs, and micro nutrients to meet the needs for human nutrition without inducing toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming excessive amounts. A healthy diet is one that is arrived at with the intent of improving or maintaining optimal health. This usually involves consuming nutrients by eating the appropriate amounts from all of the food groups, including an adequate amount of water. Since human nutrition is complex, a healthy diet may vary widely, and is subject to an individual's genetic makeup, environment, and health. For around 20% of the human population, lack of access to food and malnutrition are the main impediments to healthy eating. Conversely, people in developed countries have the opposite problem; concern is often not about volume of food but appropriate choices.

Diet table

Food Type

Carnivore

Omnivore

Pescetarian

Vegetarian

Vegan

Islamic

Hindu

Paleolithic diet

Fruits and berries

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Greens

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Vegetables

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Starchy vegetables

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Grains

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Poultry

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Fish (scaled)

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Seafood (non-fish)

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Beef

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Pork

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Eggs

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Dairy

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Nuts

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Women Height Healthy Weight Range Kilograms

(Pounds) 4'10" 5'0" 5'1" 5'2" 5'3" 5'4" 5'5" 5'6" 5'7" 5'8" 5'9" 5'10" 5'11" 6'0" 109-121 113-126 115-129 118-132 121-135 124-138 127-141 130-144 133-147 136-150 139-153 142-156 145-159 148-162 49-54 51-57 52-58 53-59 54-61 56-62 57-63 58-65 60-66 61-68 63-69 64-70 65-72 67-73

Men Height 5'2" Healthy Weight Range (pounds) 131-141 Kilograms 59-63

5'3" 5'4" 5'5" 5'6" 5'7" 5'8" 5'9" 5'10" 5'11" 6'0" 6'1" 6'2" 6'3" 6'4"

133-143 135-145 137-148 139-151 142-154 145-157 148-160 151-163 154-166 157-170 160-174 164-178 167-182 171-187

60-64 61-65 62-67 63-68 64-69 65-71 67-72 68-73 69-75 71-77 72-78 74-80 75-82 77-84

PART I If you look around your class, you will notice that your classmates are different in terms of height, mass, shoe size etc. You probably would have expected most people to be around the average mass. Based on these studies, the ministry has collected data and interpreted it into statistical data for further action.

Hence, briefly discuss

(i) History about statistic, and

(ii) Application of statistic in everyday life.

History About Statistic The history of statistics can be said to start around 1749 although, over time, there have been changes to the interpretation of what the word statistics means. In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types, and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In modern terms, "statistics" means both sets of collected information, as in national accounts and temperature records, and analytical work which requires statistical inference. Statistical activities are often associated with models expressed using probabilities, and require probability theory for them to be put on a firm theoretical basis. A number of statistical concepts have had an important impact on a wide range of sciences. These include the design of experiments and approaches to statistical inference such as Bayesian inference, each of which can be considered to have their own sequence in the development of the ideas underlying modern statistics.

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace, one of the main early developers of Bayesian statistics.

Application Of Statistic in Everyday Life Statistic is the collection of data and its representation or interpretation. Statistics use three means of comparison through the data mean, median and mode. Mean is used as one of the comparing properties of statistics. It is defined as the average of all the clarification.

(i)

It helps teachers to see the average marks of the students.

(ii)

It is used in factories, for the authorities to recognize whether the benefits of the workers is continued or not.

(iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

It is also used to contrast the salaries of the workers. To calculate the average speed of anything. It is also used by the government to find the income or expenses of any person. Using this the family could balance their expanses with their average income.

Example to find the mean: Find the mean of 4,7,2,9,3. Solution: Mean = (4+7+2+9+3)/5=5

Median is defined as the middle value of any observation. Its application in daily life are as follow: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) It is used to measure the distribution of the earnings Used to find the players height e.g. football player To find the middle age from the class students. Also used to find the poverty line.

Example to find the middle value: From the series 7,2,4,9,1,6,8 the middle values is calculated by arranging the series into ascending order that is 1,2,4,6,7,9. Here, the median value is 6.

Mode contains the highest frequency in any data. Its application are as follows: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) It is used to influx of the public transport. The number of games succeeded by any team of players. The frequency of the need of infants. Used to find the number of the mode is also seen in calculation of the wages, in the patients going to the hospitals, the mode of travel etc.

Example to find mode: 1,2,3,3,3,4 Solution: In this the mode is 3 because it recurs the most.

PART II The Ministry of Health has done many studies on the effect of food sold in the school canteen on children. To support the government effort, you are required to run the project. This project required you to obtain the mass and height of 100 students in certain forms of your school. Based on the raw data collected, tabulate your data into a frequency table.

Mass of Students (kg) 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100 101 - 120

Tally

Frequency 14 50 24 8 4

Table 1

a) Draw a histogram from the Table 1 and find the mode mass. b) Hence, draw another two histogram by changing to a smaller class intervals and increasing of the classes.

Mode mass is 52.0 i. Explain briefly, what do you observe as the class size decreases and the number of classes increases? As the class size decreases and the number of classes increases, the range of mass of students decreases follow by the tally and frequency also decreases. Therefore, as the value of frequency of number of students decreases, the accuracy of data increases.

ii.

Find mode for every histogram that you have drawn and interpret it. The mode for the first and second histogram are 52.0 while the mode for the third histogram is 51.5. As the size of class decrease, the value of the frequency also decrease and more accurate. The mode is measure according to the highest frequency. Therefore, the most accurate mode is 51.5.

Class Size 10

Class Size 5

Mass of students 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80 81 90 91 100 101 110 4

Frequency

Mass of students 21 25

Frequency 1

10 24 26 14 10 5 3 2

26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 61 65 66 70 71 75 76 80 81 85 86 90 91 95 96 100 101 105 106 110 111 115 116 120

3 4 6 10 14 15 11 10 4 6 4 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1

PART III

a) Using the data from Table 1, complete Table 2 below. Mass of Students (kg) 0 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100 101 - 120 Upper Boundary 20.5 40.5 60.5 80.5 100.5 120.5 Table 2 Frequency 0 14 50 24 8 4 Cumulative Frequency 0 14 64 88 96 100

b) Hence, draw an ogive based on the data. c) From the ogive, find median, first quartile, third quartile and interquartile range. Median = 55.5 First Quartile = 48.5 Third Quartile = 66.5 Interquartile range = Third Quartile First Quartile = 66.5 48.5 = 18.0
d) Without drawing an ogive, find the median, first quartile, third quartile and interquartile

range. Median = L + [ (N/2 F)/fm ] C = 40.5 + [ (50-14)/50 ] x 20 = 54.9 First Quartile = L + [ (N/4 F)/fm ] C = 40.5 + [ (25-14)/50 ] x 20

= 44.9 Third Quartile = L + [ (3N/4 F)/fm ] C = 60.5 + [ (75-64)/24 ] x 20 = 69.67 Interquartile range = Third Quartile First Quartile = 69.67 44.9 = 24.77

e) State the range and interquartile range. What is the different between the range and interquartile range? Range = largest midpoint smallest midpoint = 110.5 30.5 = 80.0 Interquartile range = Third Quartile First Quartile = 69.67 44.9 = 24.77 Different between range and interquartile range = 80.0 24.77 = 55.23

f) Calculate the mean, variance and standard deviations. Explain briefly why mean, variance and standard deviations are used in statistic to interpret data. Mass of Midpoint, x Frequency, f fx fx

Students (kg) 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100 101 - 120 30.5 50.5 70.5 90.5 110.5 14 50 24 8 4 100 427 2525 1692 724 442 5810 13023.5 127512.5 119286.0 65522.0 48841.0 374185

Mean = 5810/100 = 58.1 Variance = (374185/100) (58.1) = 366.24 Standard deviation = 366.24 = 19.137 Mean, variance and standard deviations are used in statistics to interpret data because: Mean - It is widely known. It can be calculate easily and accurately. It can represent the data as a whole. In enables comparison between one data with the whole set of data.

Variance It takes into consideration all the values in the set of data. Standard deviation It takes into consideration the deviation of each value in the set of data from their mean.

FURTHER EXPLORATION
The body mass index, BMI = mass (kg)/ [ height(m) x height (m)] gives an indication on the physical state of a person as being underweight, normal, overweight or obese.

BMI Categories Underweight Normal Overweight Obese

BMI < 18.5 18.5 24.9 25 29.9 > 30

i) Calculate BMI for every student from the survey and classify them into categories as above. Hence calculate the percentage of each category.

ii) Display the result on your school notice board as a guide for pupils to take care of their

eating habits by practicing the moral values.

It is important to practice good eating habits. Good eating habits mean practicing moral values by taking food in the correct quantity at the correct time. Good eating habits include:

a) Taking meals at the appropriate time. We have to eat breakfast, lunch and dinner at the correct times. b) Refraining from overeating or eating too little during a meal. c) Eating a balanced diet d) Eating sufficient amounts of fibre from fruits and vegetables. e) Drinking at least 2 to 3 litres of water daily. This will help to flush out toxins from the body. f) Avoiding excessive fatty food and food rich in sugar or high in sodium .

iii) An obese person is more prone to develop diseases such as diabetes, stroke and heart attack. Comment on this statement. Suggest ways and strategies that a person can adopt to reduce or increase mass and live a healthier life.

- Obesity is defined as the condition where a persons body exceeds 20% the normal weight

(according to height) where the person exceeds 30 of BMI.

- The person easy to get diabetes, stroke and heart attack.

- Factors which lead to obesity include eating excessive, eating too much carbohydrates and fats as well as lack of exercise.
- Diabetes is cause by the person who consume high content of glucose in food. - A diet rich in saturated fats result in heart attack because it block the blood flow in the

blood vessel, the narrow of lumen causes high blood pressure. - High blood pressure causes the small arteries to burst and lead to strokes in brain. - Ways to live a healthier life are: Practicing balanced diet. Avoid foods rich in fats and red meat Avoid smoking. Consume more fruits and vegetables Exercise and lead a healthy lifestyle. Avoid intake of high sugar content food Choose wholemeal bread. Take cereals for breakfast instead of fried food. Cut down sugary foods and sweets. Reduce intake of fried food. Eat low fat, low sugar snacks without monosodium glutamate (MSG).

CONCLUSION
Finally, I managed to complete my Additional Mathematics Project Work. I learnt deeply about the history of statistic and its application that helps us to collect, analyse and interpret data

properly. We use to apply statistic in our daily life. By using statistic, I answered and presented my project work systematically and clearly. I managed to obtain the mass and height of 100 students in my school and interpret it by using frequency table and histogram. Therefore, I should be thankful to the people who contribute in the idea of statistics. Besides that, I also learnt to calculate the body mass index of every students in my survey. Fortunately, 68% of these students have a normal weight. I was clearly known that the important of healthier life to prevent diseases such as diabetes, stroke and heart attack. We must practice good eating habits and healthy diet. In addition, I learn to solve more Additional Mathematics question. Every time I succeeded solving the question, more and more challenging questions I will go through. This will attract my attention because it is special, exciting and interesting. Lastly, I felt so happy to complete this task. I would like to thank everyone who lend a hand to me in conducting this project work. I did learnt a lot. Thanks again.

REFLECTION
During conducting this project, I learnt that Additional Mathematics is a very interesting subject. It is vital because it is closely related to our daily lives. Its existence help us a lot in our

social life. Human being depend on Additional Mathematics to have a better life style. Statistic helps human to calculate data and perform in an order manner. Next, I also learnt that the necessary to practice a balance diet and healthy lifestyle. Besides that, I had learnt to be punctual to and independent in completing this project in time. I also learnt to discipline myself to finish the project. Then, I learnt to be patient when answering the questions one by one. Moreover, I am glad to accept this project work. Through this project, i gained lots of knowledge and experience. I felt happy when I succeeded in answering the question. The more challenging question I solved, the more I increase the great interest towards Additional Mathematics. Lastly, I found that Additional Mathematics seemed easier to understand than before. I managed to answer every single question without much problems. Additional Mathematics is truly an interesting subject for all of us.