Code No: RR411802 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
STEEL MAKING
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the various reactions taking place in a Basic Bessemer converter? [6]
(b) Why the basic Bessemer slag can be employed as a fertilizer-grade slag? [5]
(c) How the basic Bessemer slag differs from Acid Bessemer slag? [5]
2. (a) What is fundamental departure of Kaldo-process from L.D. process? [4]
(b) Explain the Kaldo-process of steel making with the help of a diagram. [8]
(c) What is the major draw back of Kaldo process. [4]
3. (a) What is acid-steel making? How does it differ from basic-steel making? Ex-
plain slag-formation and its composition in each? [8]
(b) What is the nature of lining for acid process and basic process, Explain by
taking any steel making process as an example. [8]
4. (a) Why is the use of soda ash forbidden inspite of its superior dephosphurising
action? [6]
(b) With the help of chemical reactions, prove that ’P’ removal is accelerated
either by a highly basic slag (or) higher oxdising slag. [10]
5. (a) When is a open-hearth practice considered a hot-metal practice? [8]
(b) What practice needs to be followed to minimise scrap consumption in open
hearths not provided with slag flushing facilities. [8]
6. (a) What is the principle of electric furnace steel making? [4]
(b) Give the formula for heat produced in any electrical circuit? [6]
(c) If a steel melts at temperature T, then find out the total heat required to melt
M kgs of steel? [6]
Data :
Assume room-temperature = To
Specific heat of steel = S
Latent heat of fusion = L

7. Explain the principle of ladle-degassing and explain the operation with the help of
a neat sketch. [16]
8. Write a short notes on VOD and VAR processes of refining? [16]

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Code No: RR411802 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
STEEL MAKING
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the Acid Bessemer process in detail with the help of schematic sketch.
[10]
(b) What is the lining-material used in Acid Bessemer converter? [6]

2. Write a short notes on the following.

(a) Blister Steel production [8]

(b) Crucible steel production [8]

3. (a) Explain the physics of bubble formation of carbon-monoxide the refractory-

metal interface? [8]
(b) With the help of diagram, explain the active-sites and inactive-sites of co-
bubble nucleation t refractory-metal interface. [8]

4. Explain the P-reaction taking place in a Basic-Bessemer process with chemical

reactions. [16]

5. (a) What are the chief raw materials used for the acid open-hearth process? [6]
(b) Explain the various considerations that must be taken for selection of acid
open-hearth pig-iron? [10]

6. (a) What are the various types of charging in electric arc furnace? Explain why
top-charging is usually preferred. [8]
(b) What are the different designs of drop-bottom basket type charging devices?
Explain the design of it? [8]

7. Explain the secondary refining using ladle furnace with the help of a neat- diagram.
[16]

8. (a) Explain the various metallurgical variables controlling the continuous casting
of steel. [16]
(b) How can the quality of concast product be improved by modern techniques?
[16]

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Code No: RR411802 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
STEEL MAKING
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the effect of supersonic jet of oxygen on bath-circulating in LD process

with the help of a neat diagram? [8]
(b) What is Jet force Number? Explain its significance? [8]

2. (a) What is fundamental departure of Kaldo-process from L.D. process? [4]

(b) Explain the Kaldo-process of steel making with the help of a diagram. [8]
(c) What is the major draw back of Kaldo process. [4]

3. (a) Name the oxide products of silicon and phosphorous in steel making? What
needs to be added to lesson the danger of backward-reaction of oxide-products?
[8]
(b) Explain how both the above oxides get transferred to slag-phase? What is the
slag-composition obtained for each? [8]

4. (a) Why is gaseous-product of deoxidation considered ideal? Explain the concept

of obtaining metal-cleanliness? [8]
(b) Explain the two different types of steel-deoxidation. [8]

5. (a) How can you assess the Silica-content and ironoxide-content of slag in acid
open hearth process? [10]
(b) How can you say that metal is ready for tapping in acid open hearth process.
[6]

6. Explain the recent trends in arc furnace practice of steel making with respect to
design considerations. [16]

7. Explain the effects of sulphur and phosphorous on the properties of steel? [16]

8. Explain the following. [2X8=16]

(a) Duplex-processes of steelmaking

(b) Triplex-processes of steelmaking

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Code No: RR411802 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
STEEL MAKING
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) List, out the advantages and disadvantages of eccentric and concentric-design
Bessemer-Converters. [8]
(b) Describe the appearance of flame at the converter mouth during various stages
of Acid Bessemer process. [8]

2. (a) Describe LDAC process with the help of chemical reactions. [6]
(b) Why is the modified - LD process termed as LDAC process? [6]
(c) Why is LDAC process can also be known as OLP-process? [4]

3. (a) Steel making is an oxidation process with exception of reducing conditions

required to eliminate sulphur. Justify with the help of chemical reactions. [8]
(b) What is the part played by iron-ore or mill-scale in steel making? Explain
with chemical-reactions. [8]

4. (a) Explain the manganese - reaction with respect to law of mass action? [[8]
(b) Explain the ’S’-reaction with the help of chemical reaction? [[8]

5. (a) Explain the refining, blocking and finishing stages of acid-open hearth process?
[8]
(b) What should be done if Carbon-level in the metal is lower than specification-
level? [8]

6. Explain the recent trends in arc furnace practice of steel making with respect to
design considerations. [16]

7. (a) Describe the development of secondary steel making processes through the
years? [8]
(b) Explain the difference between primary steel making and secondary steel mak-
ing? [8]

8. (a) What is meant by post-solidification treatment? Give some examples. [8]

(b) Write a short notes on any two remelting techniques employed for steel? [8]

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