Code No: R05312002 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Determine the minimum amount of air required for complete combustion of coal
having composition of carbon 80%, hydrogen 5%, oxygen 6%, nitrogen 2.5%, sul-
phur 1.5%, and ash 5%. And also estimate the higher and lower calorific values for
kg of coal. [16]

2. (a) How are the steam boilers classified? Explain the salient features of each type.
(b) Sketch and describe the working principle of Lancashire boiler along with its
advantages. [8+8]

3. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of high level jet condenser and explain.
(b) What are the requirements of modern surface condensers? Explain. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the effects of super saturation on discharge and heat drop in a steam
nozzle?
(b) Steam enters into a convergent - divergent nozzle at 2.2 MN/m2 , 260 o C and
leaves at 0.4 MN/m2 . Assuming frictionless up to the throat and nozzle effi-
ciency of 85%, determine
i. Flow rate in kg/s for a throat area of 32.2 cm2
ii. exit diameter in cm
iii. length of the divergent portion if the cone angle is 10o . [6+10]

5. A certain stage of a Parson’s reaction turbine consists of one row of fixed blades
and one row of moving blades. The details of the turbine are given below: mean
blade diameter = 0.68 m; speed of the turbine = 3000 rpm; mass of steam passing
per second = 13.5 kg; steam velocity at exit from the fixed blades = 143.7 m/s;
blade outlet angle = 300 . Calculate the power developed in the stage and gross
efficiency assuming carry over coefficient is 0.74 and efficiency of conversion of heat
energy into the kinetic energy of blade is 92%. [16]

6. (a) Derive the equation for the work required to compress the air to the desired
pressure in a centrifugal compressor.
(b) An axial flow compressor with compression ratio of 5, draws air at 20 o C
delivers it at 50 o C. Assuming 5% degree of reaction, find the velocity of flow
if the blade velocity is 100 m/s. Also find the number of stages if work factor
= 0.85, α = 10o , β = 40o and Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of open cycle gas turbine unit and explain its
working along with its merits and demerits.

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 1
(b) What is the effect of pressure ratio during compression on the performance of
gas turbine cycle. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the essential differences between rocket propulsion and turbojet propul-
sion?
(b) What is the importance of specific impulse in rocket engines? [8+8]

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. The volumetric analysis of the gas supplied to a gas engine is H2 44%; CH4 32 %;
CO 9%; O2 4%; N2 11%. Determine the volumetric composition of the resulting
dry exhaust gases, assuming that the volume of air supplied is 5.2 times that of the
gas and that combustion is complete. [16]

2. (a) What are the factors involved in the selection of a boiler? In what circum-
stances are the water tube boilers used in preference to fire tube boilers?
(b) Sketch and describe Cochran vertical boiler. What are its special features?
[8+8]

3. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of high level jet condenser and explain its working
principle.
(b) What different air leakage sources of a steam condenser? Explain the methods
to eliminate air leakages. [8+8]

4. (a) Mention types of nozzles. Show graphically how the specific volume, area and
velocity varies along length of a nozzle.
(b) In a convergent divergent nozzle steam at 990 kN/m2 and 483 K is flown at
the rate of 2 kg/s. If the exit pressure is below critical pressure and the nozzle
throat area is 15 cm2 , find the coefficient of discharge. [8+8]

5. The blade angles of both fixed and moving blades of a reaction steam turbine are
350 at the receiving tips and 200 at the discharging tips. At a certain point in the
turbine, the drum diameter is 1.37 m and the blade height is 127 mm. The pressure
of steam supply to a ring of fixed blades at this point is 1.25 bar the dryness fraction
is 0.925. Find the work done in next row of moving blades for 1 kg of steam at 600
rpm. Assume the efficiency of 85% for the pair of rings of fixed and moving blades,
find the heat drop in the pair and the state of steam at entrance to the next row
of fixed blades. [16]

6. (a) Compare the axial flow compressor with centrifugal compressor with their
merits and demerits.
(b) What is surging in axial flow compressor? What are its effects? Describe
briefly. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the working principle of gas turbine along with p-v and T-s diagrams.
(b) Describe the differences between closed and open cycle gas turbines. [8+8]

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 2
8. (a) What is meant by thrust? Derive its equation of turboprop engine from the
first principles.
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bipropellants used in rocket en-
gines over monopropellants. [8+8]

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How does a modified Rankine cycle differ from a simple Rankine cycle? Write
also expression of modified Rankine cycle efficiency.
(b) Compare the Rankine cycle efficiency of a high pressure plant operating from
80 bar and 400 o C and a low pressure plant operating from 40 bar and 400
o
C, if the condenser pressure in both cases is 0.07 bar. [8+8]
2. (a) Why is draught necessary in a boiler? Explain the fan draught and steam jet
draught.
(b) A forced draught fan discharges 1,200 m3 of air per minute through the outlet
of 2.1 m2 and maintains a static pressure of 10 cm of water. The temperature
of air is 27 o C. Calculate the power of the motor to drive the forced draught
fan if the efficiency of the fan is 80%. Assume that the weight of 1 m3 of air
at NTP is 1.293 kg. [8+8]
3. (a) What are different types of cooling towers? Explain with suitable figures.
(b) The air entering a steam condenser with steam is estimated at 6 kg/hr. The
temperature at the inlet to air cooler section 30 0 C and at the outlet is 26 0 C.
The vacuum in the shell is essentially constant throughout and is 721 mm of
Hg, while the barometer reads 758 mm of Hg. Calculate
i. the volume of air entering the cooling section per hour
ii. the mass of moisture contained in the air
iii. the mass of steam condensed per hr in the cooling section. [8+8]
4. (a) Draw a rough sketch of total heat - entropy diagram for the steam nozzle and
explain salient features.
(b) A convergent divergent nozzle which has a throat area of 40 cm2 receives steam
at a pressure of 7 bar and 115 o C. Approach velocity is negligible and discharges
against a pressure of 1.2 bar. The expansion is in equilibrium throughout and
loss by fluid friction in the convergent part of the nozzle is negligible. But
the loss due to friction in the divergent portion is 10% of the total heat drop.
Calculate
i. Rate of steam flow through the nozzle and the nozzle exit area
ii. moisture of steam leaving the nozzle. [6+10]
5. The blade tip angles of a reaction turbine are 320 and 250 for fixed and moving
blades respectively. The mean ring diameter of a pair of blades is 1.5 m and the
blade height is 0.15 m. The steam which passed through the pair at a rate of 20
kg/s is dry and saturated at 24 bar. Find

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 3
(a) axial velocity
(b) blade speed and
(c) power developed at that speed. [16]

6. (a) What are different types of diffusers used in centrifugal compressor? Explain
their advantages and limitations.
(b) Define and derive the terms stage efficiency and pressure coefficient of an axial
flow air compressor. [8+8]

7. (a) What are different assumption made in evaluation of thermal efficiency of

Brayton cycle and derive thermal efficiency equation.
(b) A gas turbine plant is supplied with air at a pressure of 1 bar and 300 K. The
air is then compressed to a pressure of 5 bar and then heated to 850 0 C in the
combustion chamber. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. [8+8]

8. (a) What are different types of turbo jet propulsions? Explain them with simple
figures.
(b) Derive the equation for calculation of effective jet velocity in rocket? [8+8]

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) List out the advantages of reheat cycle over simple Rankine cycle.
(b) A two stage steam turbine receives steam at 40 bar and 375 o C. The expansion
in the first turbine is carried out until the steam is just dry. Before entering the
second turbine the steam is reheated at constant pressure to original temper-
ature of 375 o C. The steam expands in the LP turbine to a condenser pressure
of 0.035 bar, Calculate:
i. work output in kJ/kg
ii. heat supplied per kg of steam
iii. specific steam consumption
iv. the cycle efficiency.
The process of expansion may be considered isentropic and feed pump
work neglected. [4+12]

2. (a) What are the high pressure boilers? Explain the advantages gained by em-
ploying forced circulation in these high pressure boilers.
(b) Describe the working of a Benson boiler with the help of neat sketch. [8+8]

3. In a condenser test, the following observations were made: Vacuum = 690 mm

of Hg; barometer reading = 750 mm of Hg; mean temperature of condensation =
35 0 C; hot well temperature = 29 0 C; mass of cooling water = 45000 kg/h; inlet
cooling water temperature = 18 0 C; Outlet temperature of cooling water = 30 0 C;
mass of condensate per hr = 250 kg; calculate

(a) mass of air present per m3 of condensate volume

(b) the state of steam entering the condenser and
(c) the vacuum efficiency. [16]

4. (a) Explain the terms “over expanding” and “under expanding” as applied to a
fluid flow through a nozzle.
(b) Describe the changes which occur in a convergent divergent nozzle as the back
pressure is slowly increased from the design pressure up to the pressure at
entry. [8+8]

5. The blade tip angles of a reaction turbine are 320 and 250 for fixed and moving
blades respectively. The mean ring diameter of a pair of blades is 1.5 m and the
blade height is 0.15 m. The steam which passed through the pair at a rate of 20
kg/s is dry and saturated at 24 bar. Find

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Code No: R05312002 Set No. 4
(a) axial velocity
(b) blade speed and
(c) power developed at that speed. [16]

6. (a) Define the term slip factor and power input factor with respect to the cen-
trifugal compressor. Explain them.
(b) An axial flow compressor, with compression ratio as 4, draws air at 20 o C and
delivers it at 197 o C. The mean blade speed and flow velocity are constant
throughout the compressor. Assuming 50% reaction blading and taking blade
velocity as 180 m/s, find the flow velocity and the number of stages if work
factor = 0.85, α = 12o , β = 42o and Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. [8+8]

7. In a gas turbine, the pressure ratio to which air at 15 0 C is compressed to a com-

pression ratio of 6. The same air is then heated to a maximum temperature of
750 0 C first in a heat exchanger and then combustion chamber. It is expanded in
two stages such that the expansion work is maximum. The air is then reheated to
750 0 C after first stage. Determine the cycle thermal efficiency, work ratio and net
shaft work per kg of air. [16]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of Pulse jet engine with suitable diagrams.
(b) Discuss the possibility of rocket powered vehicle having a flight velocity greater
than the exhaust velocity of the rocket motor? [8+8]

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