Rr210402 Signals and Systems

Code No: RR210402 Set No.
1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering, Electronics & Control Engineering,
Electronics & Telematics and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Write the significance of spectral analysis in communication systems. [4M]

(b) Explain how a function can be approximated by a set of orthogonal functions.
[6M]
(c) Derive the expression by which the Mean square error can be evaluated. [6M]
2. (a) Find the exponential fourier series and plot the magnitude and phase spectra
of the following figure2atriangular wave form. [12M]
Figure 2a
(b) State different properties of Fourier series. [4M]
3. (a) Find out the Fourier transform of the periodic pulse train shown in the fol-
lowing figure3a [8M].
Figure 3a
(b) Find out the Fourier transform of the Cosine wave x(t)=A Cos(2πfc t) u(t).
Hence plot its amplitude spectrum. [8M]
4. Determine the maximum bandwidth of signals that can be transmitted through the
lowpass RC filter shown in the figure4., if over this bandwidth the gain variation
is to be with in 10 percent and the phase variation is to be within 7 percent of the
ideal characteristics. [16M]
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Code No: RR210402 Set No. 1
Figure 4
5. (a) A power signal g(t) has a PSD Sg (ω) = N/(A2 ) -2πB ≤ ω ≤ 2πB ., shown
in the figure5a. Where A and N are constants. Determine the PSD and the
mean square value of its derivative d(g(t)/dt. [5+5=10M]
Figure 5a
(b) Derive the relation between power and power density spectrum. [6M]
6. (a) Determine and sketch the auto correlation function of given exponential pulse.
F(t) = e−at . [8M]
(b) Show that auto-correlation function and energy density spectrum form a Fourier
transform pair. [8M]
s+1
7. (a) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of s2 +4s+13
. [8M]
(b) Let x(t) be a signal that has a rational Laplace transform with exactly Two
poles at s = -1 and s = -3. If g(t)=e2t x(t) and G(jw) [Fourier transform of
g(t) ] converges, Determine whether x(t) is left sided, right sided or two sided.
[8M]
8. (a) Given X (z) = z / [z-1]ˆ3, find x (n) using contour integration method. [8M]
(b) Distinguish between one-sided and two –sided z-transforms. What are this
applications. [8M]
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
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1. (a) Explain the significance of spectrum analysis of signal with regard to synthesis
of systems. [4M]
(b) Define orthogonal signal space and bring out clearly its application in repre-
senting a signal. [6M]
(c) Obtain the condition under which two signals f1 (t) & f2 (t) are said to be
orthogonal to each other. Hence prove that Sin nwot and Cos mwot are
orthogonal to each other for all integer values of m,n. [6M]
2. (a) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for the half wave rectified sine wave
shown in figure2a: [10M]
Figure 2a
(b) Explain the significance of waveform symmetry in Fourier analysis. [6M]
3. (a) Obtain the Fourier transform of the following:

i. x(t)=A Sin (2πfc t). u(t). [4M]
ii. x(t)=f(t).Cos(2πfc t+Φ). [4M]
(b) State and prove the following properties of Fourier transform.
i. Multiplication in time domain. [4M]
ii. Convolution in time domain. [4M]
4. (a) Find the impulse response of the system shown in figure4a. Find the transfer
function. What would be its frequency response? Sketch the response.
[2+4+2=8M]
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Figure 4a
(b) The transfer function of a system is given by H(w)=k. Where k is a constant.
Sketch the magnitude and phase function of this transfer function. Evaluate
the impulse response of this filter. Sketch this response and state whether the
filter is physically realizable. [4+2+2=8M]
5. For the following signal find the power, and rms value, and sketch the PSD
(a) (A+sin100t) cos 200t.

(b) State and prove Parseval’s theorem. [16M]
6. Consider two energy signals g1 (t) and g2 (t), which may be complex-valued. Show
∞
that ∫ |g1 (t) − g2 (t)|2 dt = R11 (0)+R22 (0)-2 Re[R12 (0)]. where R11 (λ) and R22 (λ)
−∞
are Autocorrelation functions of g1 (t) and g2 (t) respectively and R12 (λ ) is their
cross correlation. [16M]
7. (a) Use geometric evaluation from the pole-zero plot to determine the magnitude
of the Fourier transform of the signal whose Laplace transform is specified as
2
X(s) = ss2 −s+1
+s+1
ℜ e{s} > -(1/2). [6+2=8M]
(b) Determine the Laplace transform and associated region of convergence
And pole-zero plot for the following function of time x(t)=e−2t u(t)+e−3t u(t).
[6+2=8M]
8. Prove that the sequences x1 (n) =an u (n) and x2 (n) = - an u (-n-1) have the same
X (z) and differ only in ROC.Plot their ROCs. [8+8=16M]
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
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1. (a) Define vector space and hence explain important properties of vector space.
[6M]
(b) Determine whether the given vectors are linearly independent or not. [6M]
X = 2ax + ay -3az
Y = ax - 4az
z = 4ax + 3ay -az
(c) Bring out the concept of signal space from vector space and its importance in
signal analysis. [4M]
2. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform shown below and hence
determine the exponential Fourier series. Also find an and bn of the trigonometric
series and compare the results the following figure2. [16M]
Figure 2
3. (a) Find and sketch the convolution of two signals: [8M]
x (t) = 2π ( (t-5)/2) and h (t) = π ( ( t-2)/4).
(b) Find the Fourier Transform. of sin(8t + 0.1π). [8M]
4. (a) Explain the difference between a time invariant system and time variant sys-
tem? Write some practical cases where you can find the systems. What do
you understand by the filter characteristics of a linear system? Explain the
condition of causality? [2+2+4+2=10M]
(b) What is the effect of under sampling? [6M]
5. Consider a gaussian filter H(ω) = exp(-kω 2 +jωt0 ).
(a) Determine and sketch the unit impulse response of this filter. [6M]
(b) State, with reasons, whether this filter is physically realizable. [6M]
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(c) Can this filter be made approximately realizable by providing a sufficient
amount of delay t0 ? [4M]
6. (a) Determine the auto correlation function of a sinc pulse ASinc(2 ̟ t). [8M]
(b) List out the properties of auto correlation function. [8M]
7. (a) Use geometric evaluation from the pole-zero plot to determine the magnitude
of the Fourier transform of the signal whose Laplace transform is specified as
2 −s+1
X(s) = ss2 +s+1 ℜ e{s} > -(1/2). [6+2=8M]
(b) Determine the Laplace transform and associated region of convergence
And pole-zero plot for the following function of time x(t)=e−2t u(t)+e−3t u(t).
[6+2=8M]
8. (a) Find the inverse z transform of X (z) using power series method, given
X (z)=1/[1-az−1 ],|z| < |a|. [8M]
(b) Prove that for causal sequences the R.O.C in exterior of circle of some radius
‘r’. [8M]
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Write the significance of spectral analysis in communication systems. [4M]

(b) Explain how a function can be approximated by a set of orthogonal functions.
[6M]
(c) Derive the expression by which the Mean square error can be evaluated. [6M]
2. (a) Find the exponential Fourier series and plot the magnitude and phase spec-
trums for the full wave rectified sine wave the following figure2a. [10M]
Figure 2a
(b) Explain the conditions under which any periodic waveform can be expressed
using Fourier series. [6M]
3. (a) Determine the Fourier transform of the following square wave the following
figure3a. [8M]
Figure 3a
(b) State and prove Parseval’s energy theorem. [8M]
4. There are several possible ways of estimating an essential bandwidth of non-band
limited signal. For a low pass signal, for example, the essential bandwidth may
be chosen as a frequency where the amplitude spectrum of the signal decays to k
percent of its peak value. The choice of k depends on the nature of application.
Choosing k= 5 determine the essential bandwidth of g(t)=exp(-at) u(t). [16M]
5. (a) A power signal g(t) has a PSD Sg (ω) = N/(A2 ) -2πB ≤ ω ≤ 2πB ., shown
in the figure5a. Where A and N are constants. Determine the PSD and the
mean square value of its derivative d(g(t)/dt. [5+5=10M]
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Figure 5a
(b) Derive the relation between power and power density spectrum. [6M]
6. Determine the cross correlation function R12 (λ ) of two signals g1 (t) and g2 (t) de-
fined by
ACos(2πf1 t + θ1 ), 0 ≤ t ≤ T ACos(2πf2 t + θ2 ), 0 ≤ t ≤ T
g1 (t) = g2 (t) =
0, elsewhere 0, elsewhere
How does varying the frequency difference | f1 -f2 | affect this cross-correlation func-
tion? [16M]
7. (a) The signal x(t) = sin 2t oscillates between +1 and -1 as t → ∞ . So it does

not have a final value. Show that the application of the final value theorem
gives an incorrect result for the signal. [8M]
(b) State and prove the time-differentiation and time-integration properties.[4+4=8M]
8. (a) State and prove the convolution and scale change properties in z transform.
[4+4=8M]
(b) Prove that the final value of x (n) for X (z) = z2 /[z-1][z-0.2] is 1.25 and its
initial value is unity. [8M]
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Code No: RR210402 Set No.

1. (a) Write the significance of spectral analysis in communication systems. [4M]

3. (a) Obtain the Fourier transform of the following:

(a) (A+sin100t) cos 200t.

5. Consider a gaussian filter H(ω) = exp(-kω 2 +jωt0 ).

1. (a) Write the significance of spectral analysis in communication systems. [4M]

7. (a) The signal x(t) = sin 2t oscillates between +1 and -1 as t → ∞ . So it does

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