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II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the
weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and
weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston
and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and
weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give
your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler
operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500 F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the
maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating be-
tween the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pres-
sures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat
at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at
the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically
but irreversibly in such a way that the actual △H is 0.9 of the isenotropic
△H. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450 C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pres-
sure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work
of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the
water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450 C are : V = 1, 010cm3 kg −1 , β =
425x10−6 K −1 and CP = 4.178kJkg −1 K −1 [4+12]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1
(b) A laboratory needs to use 2,000 cm3 of an antifreeze consisting of 30 mole
percent solution of methanol in water. What volumes of pure methanol and
pure water at 25 0C must be mixed to form 2,000 cm3 of antifreeze, also
at 250 C? Partial molar volumes for methanol and water in 30 mole percent
methanol solution at 250 C are: for methanol 38.632 cm3 mol−1 and for water
17.765 cm3 mol−1 . For pure species the volumes are: 40.727cm3 mol−1 for
methanol and 18.068cm3 mol−1 for water. [8+8]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2 O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
3. With help of Maxwell’s equation prove that the specific heats of ideal gases are
functions of temperature only. [6+10]
4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy in
terms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi = [∂(nV)/∂ni ]P, T, nj . What
physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2 O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2 SO4 +2N H3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. (a) Define the “Yield Coefficient”and explain its significance in the growth of cells
by substrate utilization
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
(b) The following is the stoichiometric equation for combustion of the cell Pseudomonas
fluorescens growing in glucose medium.
CH1.66 N0.2 O0.27 + 1.28 O2 → CO2 + 0.1N2 + 0.83H2 O
Assuming the heat of combustion of 104 kcal per moleO2 , calculate the heat
released by combustion of bacteria in k cal/gram. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]
(a) Saturated liquid water from the condenser at 5 psig in pumped into a boiler
operating at 175 psia. [8]
(b) The steam leaves the boiler superheated 1500 F.
i. Assuming the condenser and boiler pressures are constant, calculate the
maximum efficiency of the cycle (i.e. for a reversible adiabatic turbine).
ii. For comparison calculate the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating be-
tween the saturation temperature at the boiler and the condenser pres-
sures. Make the same calculation for the Carnot engine absorbing heat
at the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler and discarding heat at
the saturation temperature in the condenser.
iii. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle if the turbine operates adiabatically
but irreversibly in such a way that the actual △H is 0.9 of the isenotropic
△H. [2+3+3]
3. Water at 450 C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pres-
sure of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work
of the pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the
water. Saturated liquid water properties at 450 C are : V = 1, 010cm3 kg −1 , β =
425x10−6 K −1 and CP = 4.178kJkg −1 K −1 [4+12]
4. (a) Describe the important characteristics of an ideal gas mixture and write Gibb’s
theorem.
(b) Derive the property equations describing the ideal gas behavior of mixtures.
[8+8]
6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom F for each of the following systems.
(a) A system of two miscible Non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in
vapour/liquid equilibrium.
(b) A system prepared by partially decomposing CaCo3 into an evacuated space.
(c) A system prepared by partially decomposing N H4 Cl into an evacuated space.
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
(d) A system consisting of the gases CO, CO2, H2, H2O, and CH4 in chemical
equilibrium. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2 SO4 +2N H3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
4. Estimate the fugacity of the Cyclopentane at 1100C and 275 bar. At 1100c the
vapor pressure of cyclopentane is 5.267 bar. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2 O → H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [4+12]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
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