Code No: RR212203 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Categorise various errors and explain the causes and suggest remedies. [12M]
(b) The true value of voltage across a resistor is 50V. The measurement find a
value of 49V. Calculate
i. the absolute error
ii. the percent error
iii. the percent accuracy. [4M]

2. (a) List of instruments used to measure temperature. [4M]

(b) Explain the working principle of bimetallic thermometer. [8M]
(c) Discuss the merits and demerits of bimetallic thermometers. [4M]

3. (a) A displacement capacitive transducer uses a differential arrangement with two

outer plates which are fixed and a central plate which is movable. The distance
between fixed and movable plates is 5mm when no displacement is applied. A
voltage of 1000v rms is applied across the fixed plates. Find the differential
output voltage of a displacement of 0.01mm is applied to the central plate.
Find also the sensitivity of the transducer. [10M]
(b) Write a detailed a note on capacitive transducer signal conditioning. [6M]

4. (a) Draw the sketches of various forms of bimetallic thermometer. [6M]

(b) Discuss various types of transducers available for measuring temperature. [4M]
(c) What are the errors to be accounted in the evaluating performance of resis-
tance thermometers? [6M]

5. (a) Describe the system which makes use of belt drive. [8M]
(b) Compare with the performance of chain drive. [8M]

6. (a) Explain the principle under typing in pneumatic amplifier. [8M]

(b) How is proportional action achieved through pneumatic control mechanism?
[8M]

7. (a) If an additional winding in which DC flows will there be any change in the
operation of a transformer-Explain. [6M]
(b) Explain the operation of a series connected magnetic amplifier with necessary
circuit diagram and waveform. [10M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 1
8. (a) How can a stepper motor be used in numerical control of m/a - explain. [6M]
(b) Draw the diagram of a variable inductance stepper motor and explain its
working. [10M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Categorise various errors and explain the causes and suggest remedies. [12M]
(b) The true value of voltage across a resistor is 50V. The measurement find a
value of 49V. Calculate
i. the absolute error
ii. the percent error
iii. the percent accuracy. [4M]

2. (a) What is the difference between metallic & semiconductor strain gauges? De-
scribe the principle of working & constructional details of the bonded type
strain gauge. [10M]
(b) How is the force on cantilever beam measured by using strain gauge elements?
Find the output in volts/micro strain. [6M]

3. (a) A capacitive transducer uses two quartz diaphragms of area 750mm2 . Sepa-
rated by a distance 3.5mm.A pressure of 900kN/mm2 when applied to the top
diaphragm produces a deflection of 0.6mm. The capacitance is 370pf when no
pressure is applied to the diaphragms. Find the value of capacitance after the
application of a pressure of 900kN/mm2 . [8M]
(b) A capacitive transducer is made up of two concentric cylindrical electrodes.
The outer diameter of the inner cylindrical electrode is 3mm and the dielectric
medium is air. The inner diameter of the outer electrode is 3.1mm. Calculate
the dielectric stress when a voltage of 100v is applied across the electrodes. Is
it within safe limits? The length of electrodes is 20mm. Calculate the change
in capacitance if the inner electrode is moved through a distance of 2mm, The
breakdown strength of air is 3kv/mm. [8M]

4. (a) What are different kinds of photosensitive devices? [6M]

(b) Explain with diagram the working of one of them in detail. [10M]

5. (a) What is the coupling mechanism with operation of a cluch in an automotive?

(b) In what way are different from chain and belt drives?
(c) Enumerate the applications of friction drives. [16M]

6. (a) What is a Booster relay. [4M]

(b) When is it used? [6M]
(c) What are the limitations? [6M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 2
7. (a) Explain how a potentiometer can be used as a control component in servo
control system. [6M]
(b) Explain in detail the various characteristics of potentiometer. [10M]

8. (a) With diagram explain the operation of a permanent magnet stepper motor.
[8M]
(b) How are stepper motors superior to ordinary motors under specific require-
ments. [8M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define the following static characteristics with necessary examples and graphs:
i. Accuracy
ii. sensitivity
iii. static error
iv. Dead space
v. Drift. [10M]
(b) A voltage has a true value of 1.50 volts. An Analog indicating instrument
with a scale range of 0-2.50 volts shows a voltage of 1.46 volts. What are the
values of absolute error and correction. Express the error as a traction of the
true value and the full-scale deflection. [6M]

2. (a) Describe the constructional features of a linear variable differential transformer

and comments on its merit incomparison to a push pull self inductive trans-
ducer. [8M]
(b) Discuss the factors limiting the bandwidth and sensitivity of a linear variable
differential transformer. [8M]

3. (a) A flat frequency response within 10% is required from a piezoelectric crystal.
Find the value of minimum frequency for which it can be used if the time
constant is 2ms. Find also the phase shift. [10M]
(b) How will you measure oscillations using piezoelectric pick up. [6M]

4. (a) Outline the difference between radiation pyrometer and optical pyrometer with
suitable application. [5M]
(b) What is the self heating effect of an RTD? How is this effect reduced? [5M]
(c) Describe the thermoelectric laws and their applications. [6M]

5. (a) Give the significance of the strength of teeth of a gear. [8M]

(b) Describe the special process used for strengthing the teeth of gears. [8M]

6. (a) Briefly explain about the basic pneumatic control mechanism with diagram.
[8M]
(b) Give a schematic blom diagram of a rapid acting pneumatic control mechanism
and explain briefly. [8M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 3
7. (a) If an additional winding in which DC flows will there be any change in the
operation of a transformer-Explain. [6M]
(b) Explain the operation of a series connected magnetic amplifier with necessary
circuit diagram and waveform. [10M]

8. (a) Sketch the block diagram of a servo system using two phase motor and derive
its transter function. [8M]
(b) What will be the response of the system for step input. [8M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define the following static characteristics with necessary examples and graphs:
i. Accuracy
ii. sensitivity
iii. static error
iv. Dead space
v. Drift. [10M]
(b) A voltage has a true value of 1.50 volts. An Analog indicating instrument
with a scale range of 0-2.50 volts shows a voltage of 1.46 volts. What are the
values of absolute error and correction. Express the error as a traction of the
true value and the full-scale deflection. [6M]

2. (a) Define gauge factor Gf for an electrical strain gauge. Compare the character-
istics of metallic and semi conductor type strain gauges. [8M]
(b) Explain with the aid of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation technique. [8M]

3. Describe clearly the principle of constructing a capacitive transducer using

(a) Cantilever spring plate. [8M]

(b) Quartz diaphragms. [8M]

4. (a) Write short notes on bimetallic thermometer. [6M]

(b) A bimetal strip 55 mm long is made of strips of nickel-chrome alloy and Invar
bonded together at 30o C. Each materials has a thickness of 1.5 mm. Find
the radius of curvature of the strip subjected to 110o C, Assume the following
data.
For Invar → α1 = 1.5 × 10−6 o C −1 E1 = 1.5 × 1011 N/m2 .
For Nickel-Chrome alloy →
α2 = 12.5 × 10−6 o C −1 E2 = 2.3 × 1011 N/m2 . [10M]

5. Write short notes on: [16M]

(a) Flat pivot

(b) Flat collar pivot
(c) Conical pivot.

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 4
6. (a) Discriminates between properties and interval and differential control as ap-
plied to control systems. [8M]
(b) Explain the working principles of derivative and integral action of pneumatic
controller. [8M]

7. (a) Explain how a potentiometer can be used as a control component in servo

control system. [6M]
(b) Explain in detail the various characteristics of potentiometer. [10M]

8. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors. [4M]
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[12M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2