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GENDER DISCRIMINATION Discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership - or perceived membership - in a certain group or category.

It involves the actual behaviors towards groups such as excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to another group. It involves excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to other groups. One such discrimination is gender discrimination. Gender discrimination refers to the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to a person based on their gender. In some societies, this practice is longstanding and acceptable to both genders. Certain religious groups embrace gender discrimination as part of their dogma. However, in most industrialized nations, it is either illegal or generally considered inappropriate. Though gender discrimination refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Gender discrimination may owe to a myriad of factors with important consequences, including psychological, sociological, and religious. Attitudes toward gender discrimination can normally be traced back to the roots of certain segments of society. Much of the discrimination is attributed to stories such as a woman being made from mans rib and societal practices such as dowries paid to fathers by prospective husbands to purchase their daughters to be wives. Countless literary fiction references are made to females being the fairer, weaker sex and males being the strong, invincible hunters of the world. The combined power of these societal and religious beliefs left little room for equitable thinking for centuries, contributing to the process of gender discrimination rather. A girls role in life is still very much judged on the basis of her performance in the kitchen, and a good meal rustled up by a woman is, even today, counted as her real achievement over, say, a clinched deal at the MNC at which she works. This is reflective of the societys view of women. Even if she does excel at the workplace, her primary duty is to the home and hearth, and everything else is secondary. Gender discrimination takes many forms. Gender discrimination in Economy, Gender discrimination in politics, discrimination in social relations, and, above all, gender discrimination in education. Gender discrimination in the market place reduces the available talent in an economy,

which has negative economic consequences. Regions in northern India have lower female labor force participation rates than southern regions. Although the cultural restrictions women face are changing, women are not still as free as men to participate in the formal economy. Female labour participation in India figures are still low: 22 percent according to the Census of India of 1991, and 28 percent according to the National Sample Survey. The definition of economic activity used by both the Census and the National Sample Survey is somewhat restrictive, even though it takes into account involvement in some household enterprises such as farm activities or small-scale artisan production or transacted service provision. However, women in the upper classes are increasingly free to participate in the labor force, especially in the cities. It is seen that the initial decline in female participation is because of an income effectdue to the change from home production to manual work market production, against which a social stigma existswhile, as economies develop, women enter the labor force through white-collar work, against which no social stigma exists. In areas of less urbanisation, most girls are not even sent to school beyond a certain age, if at all. The rationale behind this is that any expenditure on the education of a girl is just an added burden, because she will, ultimately, have to be married off, with a fat dowry. Similarly, we have examples of gender-based discrimination in political participation and decision-making institutions wherein all decisions are made by men, irrespective of the knowledge of the interests of women in society. Although gender discrimination is traditionally viewed as a problem normally encountered by females, it has significantly affected males as well. Jobs customarily and historically held mainly by women were often denied to men based on social stigmas. Some of the more common jobs that fell into this category were nurses, childcare providers and flight attendants. Gender discrimination has become a notorious ill plaguing our society. If our society is to march towards progress and prosperity, all forms of discrimination based on gender should immediately come to an end.

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