English department

By Claudio Agurto & Phil Horte COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE GRADOS DE UN ADJETIVO Los grados de comparacin del adjetivo son tres: POSITIVO: Es el adjetivo en su forma simple, bsica: nice, lindo; big, grande; COMPARATIVO: Establece la relacin o comparacin entre dos cosas; SUPERLATIVO: Denota el ms alto grado de una cualidad. Estos dos ltimos grados se explican a continuacin y tienen siempre como punto de partida el adjetivo en su grado positivo: COMPARATIVOS DE IGUALDAD AFIRMATIVO AS + adjective + AS = TAN + adjetivo + COMO

The new software is as interesting as its last version. El nuevo software es tan interesante como su ltima versin. Buenos Aires is as expensive as Tokyo Buenos Aires es tan caro como Tokio. NEGATIVO NOT AS + adjective + AS = NO TAN + adjetivo + COMO CIISA is not as big as DUOC. CIISA no es tan grande como el duoc. A PC is not as expensive as a Laptop Un PC no es tan caro como un Laptop. DE SUPERIORIDAD Los monoslabos y los bislabos terminados en sonido voclico o con acento en la segunda slaba forman el comparativo aadiendo -er al adjetivo: ADJETIVOS HASTA 2 SILABAS adjective + ER + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE A PC is cheaper than a laptop. Un PC es ms barato que un laptop.

English department Con los polislabos se antepone more (ms) al adjetivo seguido de than (que comparativo): ADJETIVOS DE MAS DE 2 SILABAS MORE + adjective + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE

A laptop is more expensive than a PC:. Un laptop es ms caro que un PC:. DE INFERIORIDAD Se antepone less (menos) al adjetivo seguido de than (que comparativo): less expensive than, menos caro que; less intelligent than, menos inteligente que,etc.

SUPERLATIVOS 1. Los monoslabos y bislabos aaden la terminacin -est al adjetivo: ADJETIVOS HASTA 2 SILABAS

THE +adjective + EST=EL MS+ADJ.

You have the fastest processor. /Tienes el procesador ms rpido Apple has the highest technology ./ Apple tiene la tecnologa ms alta.

2. Con los polislabos se antepone the most (el ms, los ms, la ms, las ms) al adjetivo ADJETIVOS DE MAS DE 2 SILABAS

THEMOST + adjective = EL MS

this the most advanced software /este es el software ms avanzado. These are the most important steps/ Estos son los pasos ms importantes 3.El superlativo de inferioridad se forma aadiendo the least (el menos) al adjetivo: This is the least expensive carreer/ Esta es la carrera menos cara

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COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS 5 puntos para recordar REGLA 1 El comparativo y superlativo de los adjetivos de una slaba se forman agregando las terminaciones -er y -est al final del adjetivo: cold >> colder >> coldest

REGLA 2 Los adjetivos que terminan con vocal seguida de una consonante duplican la consonante final antes de agregar las terminaciones -er or -est: hot >> hotter >> hottest

REGLA 3 Los adjetivos de dos slabas que terminan en -y cambian la y por i y recin entonces agregan las terminaciones -er or -est: noisy >> noisier >> noisiest

REGLA 4 En el caso de adjetivos de dos o ms slabas (excepto aquellos terminados en -y) el comparativo y superlativo se forman con more y most: beautiful >> more beautiful >> most beautiful REGLA 5 Recuerda que los comparativos y superlativos "irregulares" cambian totalmente. Aqu tienes algunos:

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

good >> better >> best bad >> worse >> worst far >> farther / further >> farthest / furthest

Compiled and adapted by Claudio Agurto & Phil Horte

English department Exercises

1.- Complete the sentences with the word in brackets. Use as...as or not asas 1) Mozarth / Beethoven (famous) _______________________________________________________________. 2) A church/ a cathedral (not big) _______________________________________________________________. 3) A cat/ a dog (not friendly) ________________________________________________________________. 4) Italian food/ French food (delicious) ________________________________________________________________. 5) A bicycle/ a motorbike (not fast) _________________________________________________________________. 6) Australian wine/ Chilean wine (not good) _________________________________________________________________. 7) A bus ticket/ a plane ticket (not expensive) __________________________________________________________________. 8) June/ July (not cold) __________________________________________________________________. 9) An amusement park/ a museum (not entertaining) __________________________________________________________________. 2.- Complete the following chart with the correct comparative and superlative. Adjective Tall Small Large Slow Fast Old Cheap Long Short Safe High Big Hot Thin Pretty Easy Early Healthy Friendly Busy Dirty Hungry Comfortable Interesting Expensive Dangerous Comparative Superlative

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Popular Generous Difficult 3.- Fill in with the comparative form. 1) A car/ a bicycle (expensive) ________________________________________________________________________. 2) An elephant/ a horse (heavy) ________________________________________________________________________. 3) Winter/ fall (cold) ________________________________________________________________________. 4) Gold/ silver (expensive) _________________________________________________________________________. 5) Tim/ Jack (handsome) _________________________________________________________________________. 6) Italian / German (easy) ___________________________________________________________________________. 7) My mother cooks/ I (good) ___________________________________________________________________________. 8) February/ January (short) ____________________________________________________________________________. 4.- Fill in the gaps with the superlative adjective. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Bill Gates is one of ______________________ people in the world (rich). Monday is ______________________________ of the week (bad). Tokyo is ________________________________ city in the world (large). Cristiano Ronaldo is _______________________ football player in the world (good). Which is ________________________________ word in English? (common) Demian is _______________________________ book I have ever read (interesting). Married with children is ____________________ TV program of all (funny). It is said that ____________________________ things in life are free (good). Mount Everest is ________________________ mountain in the world (high). 10) Alfonso is _______________________________ person I have ever known (wise). 11)Carlos knows ____________________________ jokes in the class (funny). 12)This is __________________________________ ticket I could find (cheap). 13)The Nile river is ___________________________ river in the world (long). 14)Titanic is _________________________________ movie (boring).

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5) Choose the correct adjective. Then fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective. 1. light/ heavy. Laptops are ________________ than desktop computers but ___________ than notebooks. 2. large/ small. The mainframe is the______________ type of computer. A minicomputer is ____________ than a microprocessor. 3. common/ good. Personal computers are ________________ than mainframes, but mainframes are _____________ than personal computers at processing very large amounts of data. 4. powerful/ expensive. Minicomputers are _______________ than mainframes but they are also _________________. 5. fast/cheap. New computers are ______________ than older machines. 6. powerful/ expensive. Laptops are often ____________ than PCs but they are not as __________. 6) Writing Put the words in brackets into the correct form to make an accurate description of sizes of computers. There are different types of computer. The (large) ____________ and (powerful) _______________ are mainframe computers. Mini computers are (small) ______________ than mainframes but are still very powerful. Microcomputers are small enough to sit on a desk. They are the (common) ____________ type of computer. They are usually (powerful) ____________ than minicomputers. Portable computers are (small) _____________ than desktops. The (large) _______________ portable is a laptop. (Small) ____________ portables, about the size of a piece of writing paper, are called notebook computers. Subnotebooks are (small) _____________ than notebooks. You can hold the (small) _______________ computers in one hand. They are called handheld computers or palmtop computers.