Intro.

The Science of Tajweed

Tajweed is one of the most prominent sciences of Quran. It is the science governed by:
deep rooted static rules derived from the oral recitation of the Quran by the Prophet Muhammad after hearing the revelation from the angle Gabriel.
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Importance of Tajweed
Preserves the meaning of the revealed words of Allah in sound and expression Protects it from any alteration Retains the unique method of recitation.

Description of Tajweed
It is a saying or an act of reciting Qur'an in accordance with the established rules of Nutq, pronunciation and intonations, such as tafkheem (valorization), Ghunnah (chanting), and Iqlaab (transposition). It deals with:
Accent Phonetics Rhythm
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Principles in the Science of Tajweed :

1. Its definition.
Linguistic definition: Betterment; Improvement. Applied definition: Articulating every letter from its articulation point and giving the letter its rights and dues of characteristics. Rights of the letters:
its required characteristics that never leave it

2. Its founder:
Practical point of view: The messenger of Allah Scientific point of view: scholars of Quranic sciences, such as Abu Ubaid Al Q - asim bin Sallaam

3. Its precept.
Knowledge: fardh kifayaah Application: fardh ain

The dues of the letters:

its presented characteristics that are present in it some of the time, and not present at other times. i.e. the madd, idgham 5
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Why Tajweed?
No rules revealed? The mixture between Arabs and non Arabs. Preserving the Arabic Tongue!. Preserve the recitation of the Quran from mistakes Guarantee the reader of the Quran integrity of pronunciation Tajweed is an important element in reciting the Quran with a nice and touchy way
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The knowledge of Tajweed is contingent on four matters:

Knowledge of the articulation points of the letters Knowledge of the characteristics of the letters Knowledge of what rules change in the letters due to the order of letters Exercising the tongue and a lot of repetition

Manners for Reading the Quran

Understanding of the origin of the words This is an indication to the greatness of the words being read, and the bounty of Allah; Glorified is He, to His creation when He addressed His creation with these words. Understanding the meaning. This means interacting and reacting to every verse according to what is proper for it. Individualization This means that the reader feels that every message in the Quran is meant especially for him personally.

The Ethics of Reciting and Listening To the Quran

The recitation should always start with taawwudh, i.e. saying Aoutho billahi minash-shaitanirrajeem. The recitation from the beginning of sura(s) should comments with basmallah, i.e. saying Bismillahi ar-Rahmanirahim.

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Types of Mistakes (Lahn)

The ornament of the Quranic recitation is a good melodic, and Allah loves the recitation with such a voice. The Quran should be recited with a voice which helps the person to comprehend, surrender, and experience humility. It should be recited in Arabic style by strictly observing the rules of the science of Tajweed and by avoiding any playing around with the duration of syllables.
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Al Jali (The Obviuos)

Letters Words Taskheel

Al Khafi (The Hidden)

Normal people would know Specialist would know
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Taskheel
Fatha Tanween Fath Tanween Dham Kasra Tanween Kasr Dhamma

Tanween

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Other Important Tashkeel

Shadda
Mad Alif
Examples:

Mad

Sokon

Mad Waw
Examples:

Mad Yaa:
Examples:
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The Sun and the Moon Letters

Applied for letters after AL Sun Letters:
Ta, Tha, Da, Sha, Saa, Na Dha , Ra, Za, Sa, Daa, Taa, Dhaa, La,

The Sun and the Moon Letters

Applied for letters after AL

Moon Letters
A, Ba, Qa, Ja, Haa, Ka, Ma, Kha, Wa, A, Ha, Gha, Ya Fa,

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The La Of the Name Allah

The la mushaddadah (stressed) of the name Allah, if preceded by any letter carrying a short vowel either fatha or dhammah should be recited with a broad sound. The same rule applies to the la of Allahumma.

Ghunna (Chanting)
Nasal Voice of 2 beats Comes from the nasal. Used in many situations covered later. Also used whenever we have Mem or Non with Shaddah.

The letter la of the name Allah should be recited with a thin sound when preceded by any letter carrying the short vowel kasrah.
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The Noun Sakina (Consonantal Na) and Tanween (Nunnation)

Four Rules
1 2 3 4 Ithhar Idgham Ikhfa Iqlab

1- Ithhar
(MANIFESTATION OF THE LETTER)

The pronunciation of a consonantal na or tanween should be manifested if it is followed by one of these six letters: A, Haa, Kha, A, Gha, Ha.

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2- Idgham
)MERGING OF THE LETTER(

IQLAB
(ALTERATION OF THE LETTER) Change to Mem Then conceal Mem with Baa With Some Ghunna

Perfect Idgham

Imperfect Idgham

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IKHFAA
(CONCEALING OF THE LETTER SOUND) It literally means concealment It is a state between full Izhar and full merging Here the actual sound consonantal na or tanween is concealed, but their lowered nasal sound with a maximum duration of two harakah (beats) is added to the pronunciation of the next letter of Ikhfaa All letters except ..
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The Ma Sakina (Consonantal Ma)

1 Ikhfa Al Shafawi: Whenever a consonantal ma is followed by another word beginning with ba

2 Idgham Shafawi: ma should be merged with ghunnah with the second ma.
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Qalqalah (Shaking)
3- Ithhar Shafawi
it should be clearly pronounced. Special attention should be given to the Fa and Wa

Whenever on of the letters Qa ,Taa ,Ba ,Ja and Da carries the sign of sukoun (silence), the letter is shaken or echoed .There are two types of Qalqalah.
Minor Qalqalah Major Qalqalah
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Minor Qalqalah (Shortened Qalqalah); letter of Qalqalah is in the middle of the word.

(Madd) Prolongation
Madd literally means vowel prolonging. Technically it means an extension to the duration of Harf al-Madd (letter of prolongation), which are Alif, Ya and Wa, when:
The Alif is Saakinah and the preceding constant carries fathah. The Ya is Saakinah and the preceding constant carried kasrah. The Wa is Saakinah and the preceding constant carried dhammah.
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Major Qalqalah (Lengthy Qalqalah); when the letter of Qalqalah is at the end of the word.

Madd Aslee (Original Prolongation)

When u have a long vowel letter not FOLLOWED by:
Hamza Letter with Sokon Letter with Shaddah

Madd before Hamzah

Detached Prolongation (Madd Monfasel)
The long vowel letter followed by a Hamza in the SECOND word It requires two words 4-5 Beats

It is only 2 beats Normal Prolongation

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Madd before Hamzah

Attached Prolongation (Madd Mottasel)
The long vowel letter followed by a Hamza in the SAME word It requires ONLY ONE word 4-5 Beats

Prolongation due to Sokon

When the long vowel letter is followed by a Sokon.
End of verse where
If u are stopping on a word that has a long vowel at the end of it. Number of beats:
2 4 6

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Prolongation due To Shaddah

When there is a shaddah sign over the letter following Madd, 6 Beats

Alphabetical Madd
29 Sura begin with one to five letters out of fourteen letters of the Arabic Alphabet (twenty-eight letters in total). Those letters should be pronounced separately and in succession 3 Categories

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First Category
The letter Alif. This letter is pronounced as in the normal way (Alif) without Madd.

Second Category
The letters Ha, Ya, Ra, Haa, and Taa. Each letter is pronounced as a two etter word ends in - l a long vowel Alif 2 Beats

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Third Category
The letters Ma, Ka, La, Sa, A, Saa, Qa, and Noon. Each letter is pronounced as two consonants with a vowel in between.

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