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Sanitary pipe fitting

Purpose: a. Transport the fluid (i.e. liquids) foods without any microbial contamination through the environment or contact surfaces. b. To make drainage easy. c. To increase the efficiency of the processing products. Material used for the sanitary pipe fitting Material natureE-3-A

To prevent the microbial spoilage pipe should be designed according to 3-A and standards. For this stainless steel is the most common material used in sanitary piping. Stainless steel has advantages of--1. 2. 3. 4. Non-corrosive Non-absorbent Non-toxic Cost effective Surface roughness (o.8 mm) Surface finish

Food contact surfaces must be finally polished (150 grit) Measurement of surface finish1. Roughness average (Ra)- It relates to roughness as an arithmetic average of surface roughness as measured by stylus motion of an instrument. e.g. Ra = 4 (Mirror finish) 2. Grit- Traditionally surface finish is measured by Grit in food and dairy industry. Grit is the no. of abrasive grains per given area. Higher the grit number smoother is the finish.

Relationship between Grit and Ra Grit 150 180 240 320 Ra 30-35 20-25 15-20 9-11

Piping is usually polished on inside, since the product contact surface should be smooth to prevent attachment of solids and microbes. Polishing is done by 1. 2. Electro polishing- It is done by the chemical-electrical treatment Mechanical polishing-It is done by heat Grading of SS with brief description Grade 303 304 304L Description corrosion resistant to most foods and cleaners Excellent resistant to wide range of foods and cleaning solutions. Low carbon variation of 304. Avoids harmful carbide ppt. during welding 316 Added Mo, Better corrosion and pitting resistance. Higher strength at elevated temperature. AL-6XN Specially designed to resist corrosion pitting and chloride induced Corrosion and stress cracking.

Terms related to pipe fitting. Wall thicknessWall thickness of pipe is indicated by schedule number. Ten schedule

number are in use i.e. 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160. Higher the schedule number corresponds to higher the wall thickness. SizesPipes and tubing are specified in terms of their diameter and their wall thickness. inside

Usually the term nominal diameters are actually outer diameter and it is close to diameter for 3-12 in pipe. Pipes-

Pipe is heavy walled relatively large in diameter and are of moderate length of 20-40 ft.

Tubings- Tubings are thin walled and are of coil shaped, several hundred feet long. Fitting- Term fitting is used for Join two pieces of pipe Change pipe line direction Change pipeline diameter Terminate a pipe line Couplings and unions Elbows and tees reducers Reducers, bushings Plugs and valves

Join two streams to from third Tyes, wyes Control flow valves

As per our need the auxiliary material should be takenAdapter : .

A fitting designed to connect different types of pipe together

Bulkhead Fitting: Fitting designed to be mounted in a wall or bulkhead and to allow connection on either side of barrier pipe

Cap: Designed to attach an over the outside of a pipe end to dead

end the flow. Attachment

techniques include welding, brazing, adhesives, and threads, depending on application and material.

Coupling

Rigid: Fitting designed to join two pieces of pipe

. Coupling Flexible:

Coupling with some amount of flexibility; does not include true expansion fittings. Cross / 4 Way: Fitting with four connection ports, typically in the shape of a cross.

Elbow

90: Allows for a 90 change in direction, frequently includes a Elbows are also called Ells . curve or radius.

Elbow

45: Elbow configured for a 45 change in direction

Elbow

Reducing: Joins two pieces of pipe (usually 90) of different sizes.

Elbow

Other Angle: Any other angle elbow, such as 30 or 60.

FLANGES: Flanges can be fit onto pipe ends to provide mounting geometry. Flanges of three types: 1) screwed flange, 2) slip-on flange, 3) Blind flange. To used to connect fitting, typically via bolting or welding. 5

Nipple: Common description of a short piece of pipe, typically with male threaded ends. Offset: Fitting between runs of pipe that are parallel but not aligned.

Plug: Designed to insert into a pipe end to dead end the flow.

Reducer Concentric:

Fitting with different size ends to mate pipes of different diameter; concentric reducers join pipe runs on the same axis. Side outlet elbow:

Fitting with different size ends to mate pipes of different diameter; eccentric reducers join pipe runs that are parallel but not aligned

Side outlet Elbow:

Elbow with an additional outlet at the corner perpendicular to the plane of the elbow; total of three outlets. Tee Standard: Three port fitting in the shape of a T Standard configuration through path (typically called the run ) and the

indicates that the straight

perpendicular section (branch) all have the same size ports.

Wye

Standard:

Three

port fitting in the general shape of the letter Y or in which a branch departs

the run at an angle other than 90. The designation standard refers to the three outlets being the same size.

Swivel: To allowing one or more fitting ends to rotate or swivel.

Basic guide lines during the installation of sanitary pipe fitting in food industries 1. Self drainage systems without sags i.e. product should not accumulate after the processing. 2. Clean In place system

3. Sanitary weld fitting must be provided at pumps, valves, tanks and other point of contact. 4. Pipes should be rigidly supported, considering thermal expansions and product load. 5. Piping should be installed at least 150 mm (6 inch) away from the walls and floor, to provide through cleaning around it. 6. Avoid badly installed pipe fitting, because if leakage occur, then direct contamination should happen. 7. Use check valves and vacuum breakers in steam lines connected to sanitary tubings or cook vessels to prevent product suck back .

8. When pipeline is being insulated which has coupling, that use gasket be sure that are correct gasket; and the pipe work and coupling are correctly aligned and tightened. 9. Gasket must not only be of the right size and shape, it must be of a suitable composition; which is directly dependent on the food, detergent and sanitizer, with which it comes in contact and the maximum temperature to which the gasket is exposed. 10. Welding joints should be smooth i.e. free of lumps and discoloration and should be minimum places.

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