A Quick Review Of

Clinical Anatomy Of Thorax (KLM)

Flial Chest:
Fracture of many ribs which leads to paradoxical movements during respiration

Thoracotomy:
Surgical creation of opening through thoracic wall to enter pleural cavity

Median Sternoctomy:
Cutting of sternum in median plane for heart surgery

Pectus Excavatum /Funnel Chest:

Receding of sternum into thorax creating a depression

Pectus Cavinatum /Pigeon Chest:

Projecting of sternum out of thorax

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:

Compression of structures at thoracic INLET. Named with respect to structures leaving the thorax and entering the neck.

Rib Dislocation :
Slipping or displacement of costal cartilages

Paralysis of Diaphragm:
Due to injury to phrenic nerve, other side unaffected

Herpes Zoster Infection:

Strip like infection on a specific dermatome due to attack of zoster virus on the nerve supplying it. Skin red, lesions, vesicular eruptions, pain.

Intercostal Nerve Block:

Injecting an anaesthetic near intercostal nerve to break the communication at synapses

Pau de Orange Sign:

Appearance of breast like orange peel due to blockage of lymphatics and collection of fluids at spaces primarily due to cancer

Mammography:
Technique used to detect breast masses

Radical Mastectomy:
Removal of breasts, pectoral muscles, fat, and lymph nodes.

Polymastia:
Presence of more than 2 breasts

Polythelia:
Presence of accessory nipples

Gynacomastia:
Hypertrophy of breasts in males

Pneumothorax:
Collection of air in pleural cavity

Hemothorax:
Collection of Blood in pleural cavity primarily due to rupture of vessels

Hydrothorax:
Collection of Water in pleural cavity

Empyema:
Collection of pus in pleural cavity

Pleurectomy:
Incision of pleura for surgical purpose

Thoracentesis:
Draining of fluid from pleural cavity by inserting needle through 9th intercostal space

Pleurodesis:
Create adherence of pleural layers by powder and sclerotizing agent to avoid secondary atelectasis

Plueritis / Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura. Causes sharp stabbing pain on exertion

Azgous lobe:
Extra lobe in right lung above azygous vein

Pneumonectomy:

Removal of a lung.

Lobectomy:
Removal of a lobe of lung

Segmentactomy:
Removal of a bronchopulmonary segment of lung

Segmental Atelectasis:
Atelactasis of a bronchopulmonary segment

Pulmonary Embolism:
Blockage of Pulmonary artery or its branch due to embolus

Hemoptysis:
Spitting of blood due to hemorrhage to bronchial segment

Hemidiapharagm:
Paralysis of one side diaphragm due to injury to phrenic nerve of that side.

Pericarditis:
Inflammation of pericardium

Pericardial Effusion:
Collection of fluids inside the pericardium

Temponade:
Compression of heart due to any reason. eg. Hemopericadium or pericarditis

Pericardiocentesis:
Draining of fluid from pericardial cavity through 5th or 6th intercostal space

Dextrocardia:
Deviation of heart apex towards right side

Valvular Stenosis:
Narrowing of valve and difficulty in opening.

Regurgitation:
Dilatation of valve and difficulty in closing.

Atherosclerosis:
Deposition of lipids inside the vessels

Angina Pectoris:
Pain in heart muscle due to ischemia and less oxygenation

Coronory bypass:
Connecting parts of coronory artery proximal and distal to obstruction with a vessel.

Treadmill's Stress Test /Tolerance Test:

Examination of chances of angina with the help of exercise

Fibrillation:
Rapid, irregular, circuitous contractions of cardiac muscle fibers

Aortic Aneurysm:
Localized dilatation of Aorta

Coarctation of aorta:
Narrowing of aorta near ligamentum arteriosum

Postductal Coarctation:
Coarctation of aorta distal to ligamentum arteriosum

Chylothorax:
Rupture of thoracic duct and collection of lymph /chyle in thoracic cavity Send "MedCom" (without inverted commas) to 9900 and receive all first year stuff FREE on ur mobile via sms daily... Prepared By: Muhammad Kamran For More Study Stuff

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