Day

: Thursday

Date

: September 28th, 2006

Name : -------IC : -------Class : Lower Six Science

Experiment 6
Topic Purpose Materials : : : Thermochemistry To determine the heat of neutralisation of a strong acid with a strong base. KA 1 is 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. KA 2 is a 1.0 mol dm-3 solution of a strong acid W. KA 3 is 1.0 mol dm-3 aqueous sodium hydroxide. KA 4 is 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid. KA 5 is 1.0 mol dm-3 aqueous potassium hydroxide. Polystyrene cup Thermometer 10 cm3 pipette Pipette filler Measuring cylinder Wash bottle with distilled water

Apparatus

Procedure a)

1. 25cm of KA1 is titrated into a titration flask and 3 drops of phenolphthalein is added into the titration flask. 2. The solution is titrated with KA3 which is filled in the burette. 3. Readings are recorded in the table. Results : (b) Complete the table below. Mixture X
KA 1 + KA 3

Mixture Y
KA 2 + KA 3

Mixture Z
KA 4 + KA 5

Highest temperature/ C Initial temperature/ C Increase in temperature/ C Question :

28.5 25.5 3.0

32.5 25.5 7.0

28.5 25.5 3.0

(c)

If 4.2 Joules is required to raise the temperature by 1 C for 1 cm3 of solution, calculate the heat released for each of the experiments conducted. c = 4.2 J g 1 C 1

For KA 1 + KA 3 = mcT H = 40( 4.2 )( 3.0 ) = 504 J For KA 2 + KA 3 = mcT H = 40( 4.2 )( 7.0 ) = 1176 J For KA 4 + KA 5 = mcT H = 40( 4.2 )( 3.0 ) = 504 J (d) Calculate the number of moles of the following solutions added into the plastic cup. (i) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH Mol of NaOH = MV 1000 30(1.0 ) = 1000 = 0.03

(ii)

Potassium hydroxide, KOH Mol of KOH MV 1000 30(1.0 ) = 1000 = 0.03 =

(iii)

Hydrochloric acid, HCl

Mol of HCl

MV 1000 10(1.0) = 1000 = 0.01 =

(iv)

Nitric acid, HNO3 Mol of HNO3 = MV 1000 10(1.0) = 1000 = 0.01

(v)

Acid W Mol of W MV 1000 10(1.0) = 1000 = 0.01 =

(e)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction taking place in mixture X, Y, and Z. X : H + OH H 2 O Y : H + OH H 2 O Z : H + OH H 2 O Calculate the heat of neutralisation for each reaction. For reaction X mcT = H X 504 = 0.01 = 50.4 kJ mol 1

(f)

For reaction Y

mcT X 1176 = 0.01 = 117.6 kJ mol 1 =

For reaction Z mcT = H X 504 = 0.01 = 50.4 kJ mol 1 (g) (i) Explain why the values of the heat of neutralisation you obtained differ in mixtures X, Y, and Z. The value of the heat of neutralisation differ with each mixture X,Y, and Z is due to the differ in the ionisation of the acid and the alkaline. The more the ionisation of an acid will cause the neutralisation to be higher and the lesser the ionisation of the cause the heat of neutralisation to be lower. (ii) that an The heat of neutralisation between a strong acid and a strong base is -57.3 kJ mol-1. How would you improve the given procedure so approximate value of -57.3 kJ mol-1 could be obtained?

heat of acid will

the

We can improve the reading of the heat of neutralisation by using 2 polystyrene cups instead of one and switches off all the fans to minimise the movement of air around the apparatus which helps cool down solution and thus causing inaccuracy in the reading.