Le Bureau du Procureur

The Office of the Prosecutor

OTPBriefing

Issue#129 827August2012

NEWS

PrinciplesandProcedures ofReparationProcess EstablishedinLubanga Case ProsecutorBensouda participatesinthe6th InternationalHumanitarian LawDialoguesin Chautauqua

PrinciplesandProceduresofReparationProcessEstablished inLubangaCase

7AugustTrialChamberIestablishedtheprinciplesandprocedurestobeapplied to reparations. It issued the following principles, inter alia: (i) dignity, non discriminationandnonstigmatisation;(ii)grantingreparationstodirectandindirect victims,givingprioritytothevictimswhoareinaparticularlyvulnerablesituation or who require urgent assistance; (iii) a genderinclusive approach; (iv) appropriate measuresforthevictimsofsexualandgenderbasedviolence;(v)measuresforchild soldiersguaranteeingthedevelopmentofvictimspersonalities,talentsandabilities to the fullest possible extent and ensuring the development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; (vi) the forms of reparation may be restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, and other forms such as those having symbolic, preventativeortransformativevalue;(vii)reparationsmaybeawardedtoindividualor groupsofvictims,ifineithercasetheysufferedpersonalharm;(viii)ataminimumthe Court must be satisfied that there exists a but/for relationship between the crime and the harm; and (ix) the standard of a balance of probabilities is sufficient and proportionate to establish the facts that are relevant to an order for reparations when directedagainsttheconvictedperson. Initsapplication,theProsecutionhadadvocatedforaconceptionofreparationsbasedon the principleofrestorative justice. Inits decision, the Chamberagreedto go beyond the notion of punitive justice (para.177 Decision). The Chamber also agreed with the Prosecution submissions that victims may be granted reparations regardless of their participationinthetrialproceedings(para.194Decision).[seecontinuationonpage2]

ProsecutorBensoudaparticipatesintheSixthInternationalHumanitarianLawDialogues inChautauqua,givesCharneylectureandreceivesCoxHumanitarianAward
2628 August Prosecutor Bensouda participated in the Sixth International Humanitarian Law Dialogues gathered in Chautauqua, NY during which the Sixth Chautauqua Declaration was adopted by the assembled international Prosecutors; on 26 August, the Prosecutor participated in the ceremony to lay her stone as new Prosecutor of the ICC. During her visit to the US, the Prosecutor also delivered on 24 August the 2012 Jonathan I. Charney Distinguished Lecture in InternationalLaworganizedbytheVanderbiltUniversityLawSchoolatNashville,Tennessee.The Prosecutor completed her visit to the US on 29 August by receiving the 2012 Cox Humanitarian AwardforAdvancingGlobalJusticefromtheFrederickK.CoxInternationalLawCenterLectureon GlobalJusticeatCaseWesternReserveUniversitySchoolofLawinCleveland,whereshealsopresentedalecture.

 I.PreliminaryExaminations

OTPActivities
OVERVIEW
7situationsunderinvestigation 15casesinrelationto24persons 12outstandingarrestwarrants 8preliminaryexaminationsin4differentcontinents Phases 1casebeforePreTrialChambers 6casesbeforeTrialChambers 1verdict

PreliminaryexaminationsrefertotheanalyticalprocessbywhichtheOTPassesseswhetherthereisareasonablebasistoproceedwithan investigationinagivensituation. In accordance with Article 15 of the Statute, the OTP proactively gathers and evaluates information from multiple sources, including communicationsfromindividualsandpartiesconcerned(phase1initialreview).Followingasequentialprocess,andirrespectiveofthe mechanism by which the jurisdiction of the Court is triggered, the Office then applies the same legal criteria laid out in Article 53 of the Statute, namely temporal/territorial/personal jurisdiction (phase 2a), subjectmatter jurisdiction (phase 2b), admissibility, including complementarityandgravity(phase3)andtheinterestsofjustice(phase4). Currently, the OTP is conducting preliminary examinations into eight situations:Afghanistan,Honduras,Korea,Nigeria and Mali (phase 2b),Colombia,GeorgiaandGuinea(Phase3)

II.InvestigationsandProsecutions

1.SituationintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC)Referred:April2004InvestigationOpened:June2004
Trials TheProsecutorvThomasLubangaDyilochargedwithwarcrimesofconscripting,enlistingandusingchildrentoactivelyparticipatein hostilitiescommittedintheIturiregion20022003 Status:Judgmentdeliveredon14March2012;Mr.Lubangawassentencedon10Julytoatotalof14yearsofimprisonment;principlesand procedurestobeappliedtoreparationsestablishedon7August. TheProsecutorvGermainKatangaandMathieuNgudjoloChuichargedwithwarcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanitycommittedduringthe attackofthevillageofBogorointheIturiregionon24February2003 Status:Defencecasepresentationconcluded,closingoralstatementstookplacefrom15to23May2012 WarrantsPending TheProsecutorvBoscoNtagandachargedwithwarcrimesofconscripting,enlistingandusingchildrentoactivelyparticipateinhostilities committed in the Ituri region 20022003; a second warrant was issued to include war crimes of murder, attacks against the civilian population,rapeandsexualslavery,andpillaging,aswellascrimesagainsthumanityofmurder,rapeandsexualslavery,andpersecution Issued:22August2006&13July2012

TheProsecutorvSylvestreMudacumura charged with war crimes of attacking civilians, murder, mutilation, cruel treatment, rape, torture, destructionofproperty,pillagingandoutragesagainstpersonaldignitycommittedinNorthandSouthKivuProvincesoftheDRCbetween 20January2009andendofSeptember2010 Issued:13July2012

ReparationsdecisioninLubangacase [Continuation from page 1] The Prosecution had submitted that the beneficiaries of reparations should include not only the directandindirectvictimsintheLubangacase(thatisthechildrenunlawfullyrecruitedbytheUPCorusedtoparticipatein hostilitiesandtheirimmediatefamilies)butalsotheindividualsandcommunitiesthatwereaffectedbythecrimescommitted by the UPC in general, as long as they demonstrate that they suffered harm as a result of the activities of the UPC. The Chamber agreed with this approach (para.179 Decision). In particular, the Chamber decided that victims eligible for reparationsincludeindividualswhosufferedharmwhenhelpingorinterveningonbehalfofdirectvictims,inlinewiththe Prosecutionssubmissions(para.196Decision).TheChamberfurtherdecidedthatlegalentities,suchasschoolsorNGOs,can begrantedreparations(para.197Decision).

 Withregardtovictimsofsexualviolence,theProsecutionhadsubmittedthatfemalerecruitsintheUPCwhoweresexually assaulted and raped by UPC members were clearly victimized and should therefore be entitled to participate at the reparationsstage. TheProsecutionalsosubmittedthatitisnotnecessarythatchildsoldiersdirectlycausethevictimssufferingorloss,butonly thattheharmiscausedbytheUPCmilitia(whichbecamestrongerandabletocausegreaterharmwiththepresenceofchild soldiersinitsranks).InlinewiththeProsecutionssubmissions,theChamberdecidedthatreparationsshouldnotbelimited to direct harm or the immediate effects of the crimes for which Thomas Lubanga was convicted, as long as there is a but/forrelationshipbetweenthecrimeandtheharmandthatthecrimesforwhichThomasLubangawasconvictedwerethe proximatecauseoftheharmforwhichreparationsaresought(para.249250Decision). TheProsecutionhadsubmittedthatreparationsshouldnotbelimitedtofinancialawards.Inparticular,itsuggestedthatthe ChambercouldorderorrequestThomasLubangatomakeapublicorprivateapologytothevictims.TheChamberfollowed theProsecutionssubmission(para.241Decision). TheProsecutionhadrecommendedappointingoneormoreexpertstoassessvictimeligibilityandhowtobestapproachthe possibilityofcollectivereparations.TheChamberrecommendedthatamultidisciplinaryteamofexpertsisretainedtoprovide assistancetotheCourtconcerningtheassessmentoftheharmssufferedandtheapproachtobetakenasregardsreparationsin general,inparticularforthecommunitiesaffected(para.263Decision).

2.SituationinUgandaReferred:January2004Investigationopened:July2004
WarrantsPending TheProsecutorvJosephKonyetal.chargedwithwarcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanitycommittedduringLRAsinsurgencyactivitiesin NorthernUganda20022004 Issued: 8 July 2005. On 11 July 2007, PreTrial Chamber I ordered to terminate the proceedings against Raska Lukwiya. On 8 November 2007,theOTPsubmittedinformationtothePTConthereporteddeathofVincentOtti.

3.SituationinDarfur,theSudanReferred:March2005Investigationopened:June2005
Trial The Prosecutor v Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus charged with war crimes committed during an attack againsttheHaskanitaAUpeacekeepingbaseinNorthDarfuron29September2007 Status:Chargesconfirmed,trialdatetobeset Prosecutiontopresentadditionalevidence TheProsecutorvBaharIdrissAbuGardachargedwithwarcrimescommittedduringanattackagainsttheHaskanitaAUpeacekeepingbase inNorthDarfuron29September2007 WarrantsPending The Prosecutor v Omar Al Bashir charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed as part of the counter insurgencycampaigninDarfur20032008(atleast) Issued:4March2009&12July2010 The Prosecutor v Ali Kushayb and Ahmad Harun charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the attacks againstthecivilianpopulationinDarfurAugust2003March2004 Issued:27February2007 TheProsecutorvAbdelRaheemMuhammadHusseinchargedwithwarcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanitycommittedduringattacksagainst thecivilianpopulationinDarfurAugust2003March2004 Issued:1March2012

4.SituationintheCentralAfricanRepublic(CAR)Referred:January2005Investigationopened:May2007
Trial The Prosecutor v JeanPierre Bemba Gombo charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity, including a massive rape campaign, committedinCARbetween26October200215March2003 Status:Prosecutioncompletedthepresentationofitscaseon21March2012

5.SituationinKenyaOTPrequesttostartinvestigation:November2009Investigationopened:March2010
Trials

The Prosecutor v William Samoei Ruto and Joshua Arap Sang charged with crimes against humanity committed during the postelectoral violenceinKenyaonorabout30December2007endJanuary2008 Status:Casesenttotrialon23January2012,dateoftrialsetfor10April2013(chargeswerenotconfirmedagainstHenriKosgey,butthe OTPwillpresentadditionalevidence) TheProsecutorvFrancisKirimiMuthauraandUhuruMuigaiKenyatta charged with crimes against humanity committed during the post electoralviolenceinKenya2428January2008

Status:

Casesenttotrialon23January2012,dateoftrialsetfor11April2013 (chargeswerenotconfirmedagainstMohammedAli,but theOTPwillpresentadditionalevidence)

27 July 2012 The UN Human Rights Committee, issuing its latest periodic report on Kenyas implementation of the provisionsoftheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights,whilenotingtheeffortsofKenyatocooperatewiththe ICCinprosecutingthosewhobearthegreatestresponsibilityforthepost2007electionviolenceandthecontinuingworkof theTruth,JusticeandReconciliationCommission,regrettedthelackofinvestigationsandprosecutionsoftheothercategories ofperpetratorswhichexacerbatestheclimateofimpunitythatprevailsthere.TheyconcludedthatKenyashould,asamatterof urgency,pursueallcasesofpost2007electionviolencetoensurethatallallegationsofhumanrightsviolationsarethoroughlyinvestigated andthattheperpetratorsarebroughttojustice,andthatvictimsareadequatelycompensated.Inthisregard,theStatepartyshouldensure thattherecommendationsoftheCommissionofInquiryintothePostElectionViolence(WakiInquiry)aredulyimplemented. 31JulyHumanRightsWatchissuedalettertotheUSSecretaryofStateHillaryClinton,askingtoutilizeherforthcoming visit to Kenya to press for the creation of a special mechanism to prosecute those responsible for violence after the 2007 Kenyanelections,togetherwithgreateraccountabilitybypolicyandsecurityforces.Mr.BekelewroteKenyasgeneralelections areslatedforMarch2013,yetfewperpetratorshavebeenbroughttojusticefortheviolencefollowingthe2007elections.TheInternational CriminalCourthaschargedfourhighprofilesuspectsincludingtwopresidentialaspirantswithcrimesagainsthumanityforthepost election violence, but the Kenyan government has not upheld its promises to prosecute other cases We urge you to press for greater accountability by police and security forces, which, according to our fieldbased investigations, continue to commit torture, beatings, arbitraryarrests,andunauthorizedsearchesofhomes. TheProsecutorv.WilliamSamoeiRutoandJoshuaArapSang 21 August Following Trial Chamber IIs order of 5 July 2012, the Prosecution submitted an updated postconfirmation hearingdocumentcontainingthecharges(DCC),withreferencetotherelevantparagraphsofthePTCconfirmationdecision on21August2012.WhiletheProsecutionmaintainsthechargesagainstRutoasanindirectcoperpetratorinthecommission ofmurder,deportationorforcibletransferofapopulationandpersecutionithasexcludedthecrimeofotherformsofsexual violence against Uhuru and Muthaura bringing the number of charges to five (5) instead of six (6); namely murder, deportationorforcibletransfer,rape,persecutionandotherinhumaneacts.Sangwillnowfacechargesofonlycontributingto thecommissionofmurder,deportationorforcibletransferofapopulationandpersecution.TheProsecutionhasannexeda chartpresentingtheissues,whichremainindisputebetweentheParties. 6.SituationinLibyaReferred:February2011Investigationopened:March2011
WarrantsPending The Prosecutor v Saif AlIslam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al Senussi charged with crimes against humanity committed during attacks on the civilianpopulationbytheLibyanSecurityForces15Februaryatleast28February2011 Issued:27June2011;theChamberdecidedthatLibyacouldpostponetheexecutionoftherequesttosurrenderSaifAlIslamGaddafion1 June2012,pendingafinaldeterminationontheadmissibilitychallenge.

Prosecutorv.SaifAlIslamGaddafiandAbdullahAlSenussi 9 August PreTrial Chamber I rejected the GOLs request to convene a status conference, deeming it neither useful nor appropriateasthepresentissuescanallbeaddressedinwriting.Itgrantedtherequestforanextensionoftimebywhichto replytotheresponsestotheadmissibilitychallengeandsuspendedthedeadlinependingtheappointmentofanewMinistry ofJusticeteaminLibya.NotingthatMr.Gaddafihasnowbeenindetentionforninemonths,itorderedtheGOLtoprovidea reportby7September2012asto:(i)thestatusoftheappointmentoftheMinisterofJustice,AttorneyGeneralandProsecutor GeneralinLibya,andcounselsabilitytoreceiveinstructions;(ii)thestatusofthenationalproceedingsagainstMr.Gaddafi, includingwhetherhehashadalawyerappointed;and(iii)Mr.Gaddafisconditionsofdetention.Inlightoftheforegoing,it alsorejectedtheGOLsrequest#199toreplytotheOPCDsresponseandtheRegistrysobservations.

7.SituationinCtedIvoireOTPrequesttostartinvestigation:June2011Investigationopened:October2011
Warrantexecuted

The Prosecutor v Laurent Gbagbo charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed after the November 2010 Ivorian elections. Issued:23November2011(underseal) Status:initialappearanceon5December2011;confirmationofchargeshearingpostponedtodateyettobeset

Prosecutorv.LaurentGbagbo 15 August Pretrial Chamber I issued its decision on the Corrigendum of the challenge to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on the basis of articles 12(3), 19(2), 21(3), 55 and 59 of the Rome Statute filed by the Mr. Gbagbos Defence. PTCI rejected the Defence challenge to the Courts jurisdiction over the case, finding that the Court has jurisdictionoverallallegedcrimescommittedsince19September2002onthebasisofthedeclarationlodgedbyCtedIvoire on 18 April 2003. It also took the view that the second limb of the Defence challenge related to the alleged violation of the rightsoftheSuspectbetweenhisarrestandhistransfertotheCourtcannotbeconsideredachallengetothejurisdictionbut decidedtoentertainitinlightofitspowertostayproceedingsincaseofabuseofprocess.However,itdidnotfindanybreach ofhisrightsthatcanbeattributedtotheCourtandthatwouldwarrantthestayofproceedings. TheDefencechallengetothejurisdictionoftheCourtbasedonthelimitedscopeofCtedlvoiresacceptanceofjurisdiction underarticle12(3)oftheStatutewasrejectedastheChamberfoundthatcontrarytotheDefencesubmissionitwillbeultimately fortheCourttodeterminewhetherthescopeofacceptance,assetoutinthedeclaration,isconsistentwiththeobjectiveparametersofthe situation at hand and the Court has jurisdiction over all alleged crimes committed since 19 September 2002 on the basis of the Declarationof18April2003. Regarding the submissions of the Defence regarding the violation of Mr. Gbagbos rights between 11 April 2011 and 29 November2011towhichheisentitledunderIvorianlaw,internationallawandarticles55(l)(b)and(d)and59(2)oftheStatute suchasarbitraryarrestanddetention,theChamberdecidedArticle55(1)asnotapplicable.Thechambernotedthatthethe alleged violations of article 55(1) of the Statute were not perpetrated by the Prosecutor or by the Ivorian authorities on behalf of the ProsecutororanyorganoftheCourt and MrGbagbowasarrestedanddetainedbytheIvorianauthoritiesandsubsequentlycharged witheconomiccrimesincircumstancesseeminglyunconnectedtotheproceedingsbeforetheCourt. Similarly, regarding the alleged violation of the Article 59 of the Statute, the Chamber noted that the link asserted by the Defence between the alleged violations of Mr Gbagbos fundamental rights and the Court by claiming that the Prosecutor was under a duty of care as concernsMrGbagboduringhisdetentioninCtedlvoirewerenotpersuasive.

III.ArrestsCooperation
11PERSONSSOUGHTBYTHECOURT

TheProsecutorv BoscoNtaganda(moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:DRC,inandaroundGoma TheProsecutorv JosephKonyetal(moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:variously,atdifferenttimes,intheborderareabetweenDRC,CARandSouthSudan

 TheProsecutorv AhmedHarunandAliKushayb (moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:SouthKordofan,Sudan(A.Harun) Sudan(A.Kushayb) TheProsecutorv OmarHassanAhmadAlBashir(moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:Khartoum,Sudan TheProsecutorvAbdelRaheemMuhammadHussein(moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:Khartoum,Sudan TheProsecutorv SaifAlIslamGaddafiandAbdullahAlSenussi (moreinformationhere) Currentlocation:Libya/Mauritania

IV.OtherCooperation

V.UpcomingEvents
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6 Prosecutorgives keynoteremarksat theSymposium Strengthening GenderJustice through International Prosecutions, organizedby Womens Initiativesfor GenderJusticeand UNWomen,The Hague 13 Prosecutorbriefs theFriendsofthe Court,TheHague

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17 18 TheProsecutor conductsofficial visittoSweden

19 20 TheProsecutor givesakeynote speechatthe international conferencePeace forHumanityin the21stCentury organizedbyThe Universityfor PeaceCentre.The Hague

21 TheProsecutor attendsthe Breakfast Meetingon Protectionof EducationDuring Insecurityand Conflict:Legal Response organizedby EducationAbove allwiththe EmiressofQatar andameeting withtheAmerican Societyof InternationalLaw andtheCouncil forForeign Relations,New York

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26 TheProsecutor attendsthe nineteenth sessionofthe Committeeon Budgetand Finance,The Hague

27 TheProsecutor attendsthe nineteenthsession oftheCommittee onBudgetand Finance,The Hague

28 TheProsecutor attendsthe nineteenthsession oftheCommittee onBudgetand Finance,The Hague

29 TheProsecutor attendsthe nineteenthsession oftheCommittee onBudgetand Finance,The Hague

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VI.OtherInformation

*ThisdocumentreflectstheviewsoftheOfficeoftheProsecutoroftheICC.Formoreinformation,contactMrs.OliviaSwaakGoldman,InternationalCooperationAdviser intheOfficeoftheProsecutor,atOlivia.SwaakGoldman@icccpi.int