Pathology Exam 1 Chapter 1 Death & Disease

Disease o Healthy perform mental/physical functions w/ ease o Diseased perform functions w/ difficulty or not @ all o o Impairs usual functions of one or more organs Lesions structural changes in organs Produce signs & symptoms Some diseases (ex: psychiatric disorders) have dysfunction & symptoms w/out lesions Asymptomatic conditions Considered diseased b/c likely to cause future trouble Progress to clinically apparent if unchecked SymptomsPatients tell you, must be approached in a knowledgeable way SignsWhat you find/ observe. Need to know normal for it

o Symptoms reflect organ dysfunction

Causes of Disease o Many causes act together to produce a particular disease. o Immediate causes physical forces (trauma, heat, radiation), chemical poisons, hypersensitivity (allergy), living agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses), lack of oxygen, lack of essential substances (vitamins), & genetic abnormalities o Predisposing factors increase likelihood of disease age, sex, race, heredity, & environment Effects of Disease o Symptoms = patients complaints (verbal) Evaluate symptoms in context of each patient o Signs = ways to detect lesions inspection, palpitation (what you see/find) Detected by lab work or imaging To evaluate signs, must know the norm o Symptoms + signs + lab work/imaging diagnosis of disease o Course of Disease

Death o

Variable depends on patient & disease Recovery lesions heal signs & symptoms disappear Traces may remain (ex: scars) Persistence more permanent Disability after stroke, but no disease progression Death occurs as disease progressively worsens

Apparent signs of death (clinical recognition) cessation of respiration & cardiac function Recovery is possible resuscitation Cardiac stimulants & mechanical respirators can prolong death Not all cells will die @ same time Unquestionable signs of death One to several hours after death algor mortis (lower body temp.), rigor mortis

Pathology Exam 1 (muscles stiffen), blood pools on venous side, livor mortis (blood settles due to gravity), dry & cloudy eyes Purification due to saprophytic bacteria invading the body

List Disease Synonyms for disease Lesions Asymptomatic disease Immediate cause Predisposing factors Symptoms Signs Laboratory studies Imaging procedures Diagnosis Course of disease Recovery Persistence Death Apparent signs of death Unquestionable signs of death Algor mortis Rigor mortis Livor Mortis Putrefaction