Acellular pertussis vaccination enhances B.

parapertussis colonization CIDD

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Evolution and virulence Heterogeneities Immunodynamics Parasite interactions Phylodynamics Control Emerging diseases Synopses

Acellular pertussis vaccination enhances B. parapertussis colonization

An acellular whooping cough vaccine actually enhances the colonization of Bordetella parapertussis in mice; pointing towards a rise in B. parapertussis incidence resulting from acellular vaccination, which may have contributed to the observed increase in whooping cough over the last decade. Despite Published: 2010 widespread Author(s): Long GH, Karanikas AT, vaccination, Harvill ET, Read AF, & Hudson PJ whooping cough Title: Acellular pertussis vaccination facilitates Bordetella parapertussis incidence is infection in a rodent model of on the rise bordetellosis worldwide, making it Journal: Proceedings of the Royal Overlayed image of a wild type Society Biological Sciences the only mouse sitting on a plate of vaccineBordetella. Image courtesy of Alexia doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0010 preventable Karanikas. disease associated with increasing deaths in the United States. Although this disease is most often attributed to Bordetella pertussis infection, it is also caused by the closely related pathogen, B. parapertussis. However, B. pertussis has remained the center of attention, whereas B. parapertussis has been greatly overlooked in the development of whooping cough vaccines. In this study, former CIDD post-doctoral researcher Grainne Long, CIDD graduate student Alexia Karanikas, and professors Eric Harvill, Andrew Read, and Peter Hudson evaluated a commonly used acellular pertussis vaccine for its efficacy against both of these causative agents of whooping cough during single infection and co-infection. Their data showed no within-host competition between B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, as well as a strong acellular vaccine-induced protection against infection with B. pertussis in both singly and co-infected mice. In contrast, vaccination led to a 40-fold enhancement of B. parapertussis colonization in the lungs of mice. Though the mechanism behind this increased colonization was not specifically elucidated, it is speculated to involve specific immune responses skewed or dampened by the acellular vaccine, including cytokine and antibody production during infection. Despite this vaccine being hugely effective against B. pertussis, which was once the primary childhood killer, these data suggest that the vaccine

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http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/acellular-vaccine-enhancement-b.-parapertussis[9/5/2012 7:18:16 PM]

Acellular pertussis vaccination enhances B. parapertussis colonization CIDD

may be contributing to the observed rise in whooping cough incidence over the last decade by promoting B. parapertussis infection. Highlighting the extreme consideration that should be exercised in future vaccine development, this work supports the use of vaccines that also target B. parapertussis as a potentially more efficient way to battle whooping cough.

Synopsis written by Alexia Karanikas Information about vaccine safety.

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http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/acellular-vaccine-enhancement-b.-parapertussis[9/5/2012 7:18:16 PM]