ASSIGNMENT ON DBMS

SUBMITTED BY: AKANKSHA KAPOOR BBA 2nd SEM(M) 03617001709

SUBMITTED TO: MS.SHAMPY

TECNIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES MADHUBAN CHOWK,ROHINI NEW DELHI-110085

ENTITY
An entity is an object that exist and is distinguishable from other objects. in other words an entity is a person, place, thing, event or concept about which info is recorded. For e.g.-when one wants to store info about students, then it has details like student no. ,student name, address phone number to class of the student etc. All of these details together is placed in the table called student. For e.g.- in a banking event, the entities are customers ,bank a/c and mortgaged loan .

ENTITY SET
The collection of all entities of a particular entity in the database at any point in time is called as entity set. it is an extension of entity type.

ENTITY TYPES
They are defined as collection of entities that have the same attributes .for e.g.-a employee in company database, a employee entity shares the same attributes , but each entities has its own value for each attribute. ENTITY TYPE Attributes Entity set EMPLOYEE name, age, pay rakesh,40,10000 Arun,55,3500 It is represented in ER diagram as a rectangular box and closing the entity type . attributes names are closed in oval shape and are attained to their entity type by straight line.

ATTRIBUTES
It is the property of an entity .in simple way we can say that an attribute gives the characteristics of the entity .in another words every entity has some basic attributes that characteristics . The attributes has 2 parts in it1)attribute instance 2)attribute type Attribute type is the column name/the field name like student entity and the value stored in it is attribute instance.

Types of attributes
Single valued v/s multivalued attributes
An attribute which have single value for the same entity is known as multivalue attribute E.g.- colours for the car entity

Multivalued-are displayed in derible ovals company colour

car

model

composite v/s atomic attribute

the attributes which can be divided into smaller independent attribute are called as composite attribute . eg-address of the employee entity address sector add. sector no. City House no. state pin

The attribute which can not be divided into smaller sub parts are called as atomic attribute Eg-age of the employee
fnam e

mna mee

lname

age

name

pay

employee

Stored v/s derived attribute

Attribute which can be derived from another attribute is known as derived attribute Eg-age of the employee entity can be determined from todays date and birth date of the employee An attribute which can not derived from an other attribute is known as a stored attribute For eg-birth date of the employee. Null value An attribute for an entity has null value if either the value of that attribute is not known (missing) or not applicable to that entity.eg-if the person does not have any degree then college degree attribute value will null/if it is not known then also it will be null. Complexed attribute

If an attribute for an entity is built using composite and multivalued attribute .such an attribute is called a complexed attribute For eg-if the person have more than one residence and each residence can have multiple phones An attribute {address phone (phone{(area code, phone no.)},address(sector address, sector no., house no.)city, state, pin))} Here,{}are used to enclose multivalued attributes &() are used to enclosed composed attributes with comma separately individual attributes. Key attributes of entity types We define a key attributes as an attribute which have distinct value for each entity in the entity set. For e.g.-roll no.is a key attribute.it has its name underlined inside the oval. Roll Weak entity
no

They do not have key attribute. it is also called as child entity type/subordinate entity type.

Strong entity type Entity type that have a key attribute is called strong entity type.
Roll no.
age

class

student Domain attributeIt is a set of possible values that may be assigned to a given attribute .for eg-if the age of employees is allowed between 18 to 58. We can specify the domain of age attribute to the set of integer no. Between 18 to 58.