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SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 1 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

SECTION C-2.3.2 FOUNDATION DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

A
Rev. No

22.02.2008
Date

ISSUED FOR COMMENTS


Purpose

SDN
Prepared by

SKK
Checked by

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Approved by

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 2 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

Copyright EIL All rights reserved

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 3 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

1.0

GENERAL M/s. Sohar Refinery Company L.L.C. proposes construction of VDU/BBU Process unit along with Satelite Instrument House,Sub-stations,Storage Tanks and Pump houses,Blending facility, Drum filling and storage area,Pipe sleepers,Fire training ground and Bitumen Truck loading area in their existing Bitumen Project. Subsoil data and foundation recommendations included herein are based on report of soil investigations carried out in the area in June-September 2003 by M/S Fugro Middle East & Partners LLC., P.C. 112, RUWI Sultanate of Oman.

2.0

SUBSOIL PROFILE As per the available bore logs in the nearby areas, the subsoil across the site are generally variable, even within short distances. However, based on laboratory test results the subsoil can be generalised in the following layers: Layer I This layer is consists of sandy silt(ML)/clayey silt(CL-ML) of low plastic to medium plastic soil having very soft to medium stiff consistency and exists from existing ground level and thickness varies from 2.5m(BH-167) to 4.0m(BH-169). A loose well graded sand with silt and gravel layer of 1.5m thick is intruded into this layer near borehole BH-167. Layer IA A sandy elastic silt(MH) having consistency very stiff to hard is encountered near Borehole BH-167 from 4.0m to 6.5m.

Layer II This layer lies below layer I/Layer IA consists of well graded sand with silt and gravel(SW-SM)/well graded gravel with silt and sand(GW-GM)/poorly graded gravel with silt and sand(GP-GM)/poorly graded gravel with sand(GP) in medium dense to very dense state extends up to 11.0m in Borehole BH-167 to Termination depth of Boreholes(BH-168, BH-169 & BH-178). Layer IIA This is a week to moderately week Siltstone Layer exists below layer II near Borehole BH-167.

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

Copyright EIL All rights reserved

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 4 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

3.0

GROUND WATER TABLE The ground water table (GWT) as observed in the bore logs (during June to September 2003) were found to be at a depth of 4.0m to 5.5m below existing ground surface. However, considering variation in GWT due to tidal and seasonal effects, design GWT shall be considered at depth of 2.0m below Finish Ground Level(FGL)for the purpose of design of sub-structures.

4.0

FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS i) Major Structures/Equipments Foundations Bearing capacities as given in the table 1 below may be considered for the design of foundations. Bearing capacities have been worked out based on the available soil data and broad engineering judgment. TABLE- 1 Width of foundation (m) Min. depth of foundation Net Safe Bearing Capacity in shear (T/m2) (iii) 20 25 30 Net Safe Bearing Capacity in (T/m2) for settlement of 25 mm (iv) 15 25 40 mm (v) 20

1m to 6m

(i) Strip (L/B5) Isolated

(ii) 4.0 m below EGL* 4.0m below EGL*

Raft footings ( 6m) *

EGL : Existing ground surface level at the time of investigation (i.e.+3.2m to +4.2m)

NOTES: i) ii) Minimum width of foundation shall be 1.0m. Values given in column (iii) may be increased by 25% under wind/seismic conditions. Foundation pit bottom shall be covered with mud mat immediately after completion of excavation. Any filled up/loose soil/soft patches of soil/oil contaminated soil, if encountered at foundation level during excavation shall be completely removed and replaced with lean concrete. Due to functional requirements, if depth of foundation is required to be increased, bearing capacity may be considered same as given above.

iii)

iv)

v)

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

Copyright EIL All rights reserved

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 5 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

ii)

Minor/Lightly Loaded Structures not Sensitive to Settlement A foundation pit of 1.5m deep shall be made having size 250mm more all round than the foundation. Base of the foundation pit shall be compacted to 95% of maximum laboratory density as obtained by modified proctor test before filling the pit for 500mm thick with excavated soil laid in layers of maximum 150mm thick and compacted to 95% of maximum laboratory density as specified above. On this compacted fill, foundation for these structures may be placed at a depth of 1.0m from FGL for foundation width up to 2.0m and for pressure not exceeding 7.5T/m2. Back filling after casting of foundations shall be done as per the compaction criteria given in clause no. 9.

5.0

TANKAGES: Maximum height and diameter of of tank in this area is limited to 12m and 12.6m respectively. The tanks having diameter more than 10m will be placed on normal sand pad foundation. Top soil up to a depth of 1.0m below EGL is to be removed before preparing formation for the tank foundation. The bottom of the excavated pit shall be compacted well with vibratory /smooth wheeled roller of weight 8 to10 ton or more at optimum moisture content. The pit shall be backfilled with the excavated soil in layers of maximum 250mm loose thickness and compacted to 95% maximum laboratory dry density as per IS 2720 Part-VIII up to 500mm below FGL. Sand pad for tank foundation shall start from 250mm below FGL. The Tank foundation shall fulfill the following settlement criteria : Total Settlement at edge i) ii) Cone roof Flooting roof : 300mm : 150

Differential settlement along periphery i) ii) Cone roof Flooting roof : 1 in 300 : 1in 500

Tanks up to 10m diameter, are to be placed on ring wall foundation ,the net allowable bearing capacity and estimated settlement is estimated to be within 50mm for height of tank less than 10m. 6.0 DEEP EXCAVATIONS FOR FOUNDATIONS In case of deep excavations,like pits because of the high water table conditions, special measures like side supports and appropriate dewatering system (well point/deep well etc.) may have to be employed to ensure stability of excavation, in order to keep the working area dry and to facilitate the construction activities of subFormat No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1 Copyright EIL All rights reserved

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 6 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

structures. Excavation for shallow foundations for allied facilities below water table would also require the aforementioned measures to be employed such as providing side slope (1H:2V) and dewatering through appropriate means (sump & pump method/well point) suit to site. 7.0 UNDER GROUND PIPING The following parameters may be considered for design of under ground piping( laid at 1.0m or more depth below FGL):+ 8.0 Modulus of elasticity (E) kg/cm2 Density of soil (b) K (Earth pressure x Coeff. of friction)factor : 125-150 1900 kg/cm3 0.19

: :

ROADS AND PAVEMENTS Sub-grade for road and pavements shall be prepared by placing a coarse-grained soil layer of 450mm thickness having Plasticity Index(PI) <6. Sub-grade shall be laid in layers not exceeding 150mm thickness and compacted to 95% Modified Proctor Density at moisture content close to optimum moisture content. The road and pavement shall be laid over such compacted sub-grade considering a CBR value of 15%. Cambering and top sealing of the road & pavement may be provided as per the site-specific requirements.

9.0

AGGRESSIVENESS OF SOIL AND GROUND WATER TO FOUNDATION CONCRETE Chemical analysis of ground water & soil samples reveals that the site falls under Class 3 for sulphate and chloride concentrations as per BS 5328. Therefore, to counteract the harmful effects of sulphate and chloride concentrations, cement of types as described below may be used with minimum cement content of 380 kg/m3 and maximum w/c of 0.45 for all sub-structure concreting work. Portland pulverized-fuel ash cements conforming to BS 6588, containing not less than 26% of pfa by mass of the nucleus (the total mass of the cement constituents excluding calcium sulfate and any additives) or combinations of Portland cement conforming to BS 12 with pfa conforming to BS 3892 : Part 1, where there is not less than 25% pfa and not more than 40% pfa by mass of the combination. High slag blastfurnace cement conforming to BS 4246, containing not less than 74% slag by mass of nucleus (the total mass of the cement constituents excluding calcium sulfate and any additives) or combinations of Portland cement conforming to BS 12 with ggbs conforming to BS 6699 where there is not less than 70% ggbs and not more than 85% ggbs by mass of the combination. For this type of cement, ggbs with alumina content greater than

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

Copyright EIL All rights reserved

SRC Job Code SRC Doc No. EIL Job No.

3000701 S-000-1222-004

Project: Sohar Refinery Bitumen Project

6901 6901-000-16-48-DB-004 EIL Doc No. Rev.: A Page 7 of 7 Location: Sohar Refinery, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

14% should be used only with Portland cement having a tricalcium aluminate (C3A) content not exceeding 10%. The minimum cover to reinforcement including links and ties shall be 75 mm for all sub-structures. 10.0 BACK FILLING Soil available at this site is suitable for back filling in foundations and in subgrade for pavement. Back filling in the foundations shall be done with excavated (uncontaminated) soil compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thickness to 95% Standard Proctor Density at moisture content close to optimum moisture content. 11.0 REFERENCES: 1. BS:8004 Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing capacity of shallow Foundation 2. Bowles,J.E. Foundation Analysis and design 5th Edition ,1995 3. Karl Terzaghi, Ralph B.Peck & Gholamreza Mesri Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice- 3rd Edition,1995

Format No. EIL 1641-1924 Rev. 1

Copyright EIL All rights reserved

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