HyperRESEARCH+3 0+User+Guide

HyperRESEARCH
Software for Qualitative Data Analysis
User Guide
Version 3.0 Copyright 19882010 All rights reserved
ResearchWare, Inc. www.researchware.com
Copyright Information
Copyright 19882010 Researchware, Inc. All rights reserved. Researchware, Inc. P. O. Box 1258 Randolph, MA 02368-1258 Telephone & fax: 888-497-3737 outside the US: 00+1+781-961-3909 http://www.researchware.com support@researchware.com sales@researchware.com
Web site: Technical questions: Sales questions:
HyperRESEARCH and HyperTRANSCRIBE are trademarks of Researchware, Inc. Mac OS and QuickTime are registered trademarks of Apple, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Intel is a trademark of Intel Corp. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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Welcome to HyperRESEARCH
What's New Installing HyperRESEARCH Using and Upgrading From the Free Limited Edition Using Help and Getting Technical Support Visual Guide: HyperRESEARCH at a Glance Quick Start to Coding HyperRESEARCH Tutorials How HyperRESEARCH Works Preparation: Setting Up Your Study Preparing Source Material Working Collaboratively Backing Up Data Coding: Coding Source Material Including Codes of Type THEME Creating and Managing Codes Analysis: Filtering Cases Filtering and Sorting Code References Expressions and Filtering Criteria Code Proximity Functions Boolean Logic Mapping Code Relations Testing Theories Reporting: Generating Reports Analyzing Code Frequencies Printing Exporting Study Data Keyboard Shortcuts Menus File Menu Edit Menu Cases Menu Sources Menu Codes Menu Reports Menu Theory Menu Window Menu Help Menu Windows Options/Preferences window Study Window
18 Getting Started
31 HyperRESEARCH in Depth
96 HyperRESEARCH Reference
126 131 134 139 139 141 143 144 148 155 157 158 162 164
Code Book Sources List Source Window (Text Files) Source Window (Image Files) Source Window (Media Files) Search Sources Window Annotation Window Autocode Window Code Map Window Theory Builder Display Results Window Report Builder Frequency Report Window File Types Reference
HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH
Welcome to HyperRESEARCH
HyperRESEARCH is a software program that aids in qualitative data analysis, for use on Windows and Mac OS X. You can use HyperRESEARCH to examine and organize source data in a variety of formats, and add key phrasescalled codesto selected sections for later analysis and retrieval. HyperRESEARCH eliminates the repetitive paperwork of traditional qualitative research methods and lets you interact directly with your data. You concentrate on the message, instead of the media. And HyperRESEARCH adjusts itself to your approach, rather than forcing your research into a rigid methodology. The coding processfor textual data and pictures, video, audio, or transcriptsis intuitive and easy. Once youve coded your source material, you can use a variety of tools to analyze the data, create and test theoretical models, look for patterns, and summarize the results.
In this section, youll learn how to install or upgrade HyperRESEARCH. Youll also find out whats new in the latest version. If youre new to HyperRESEARCH, read the information in Getting Started for an introduction to HyperRESEARCH. If you have a question or a problem, check Using Help and Getting Support to find out how to find information in this Help documentation. If youre updating to a new version, be sure to read the topic What's New to find out what new features to look for. To see every topic in the documentation listed in one place, see the Index of All Topics.
Whats New in Version 3.0

Version 3.0 offers new features and enhancements throughout the program. Major new features include code groups, enhanced support for collaborative research teams, and the ability to use a much wider variety of source files.
New features: Source files

HyperRESEARCH 3.0 supports several new kinds of source files, as well as the ability to search all sources and to manage source files with the new Sources List window. Sources in languages not using the Roman alphabet: HyperRESEARCH now supports the Unicode text standard, so your source files can include text using different alphabets and non-alphabetic writing systems. Almost all written languages are supported by Unicode. (Currently, HyperRESEARCH supports languages written from left to right.) Page 1
Styled text files: You can use several new file types as sources for your studies: RTF and the HyperTRANSCRIBE document format. These new source file types let you examine and code textual data that includes style information such as bold, italic, fonts and size changes. (Of course, plain text documents are still supported.) This feature is mainly intended to support styled text, and not all parts of the RTF specification are supported, so other items such as images, tables, or other layout features may not appear.
To work with these new file types, choose Sources Open Text File and choose the file type you want to work with from the popup menu labeled Files of Type (on Windows) or Enable (on Mac OS X). For more information about text source files, see Coding Source Material. HyperTRANSCRIBE source files: HyperRESEARCH can now open transcription files you create in HyperTRANSCRIBE. Instead of exporting your transcriptions as text files, you can directly open them as source files. To work with a HyperTRANSCRIBE file, choose Sources Open Text File and choose HyperTRANSCRIBE Files from the Files of Type (Windows) or Enable (Mac) popup menu.
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HyperRESEARCH displays the media file associated with the transcript in the Related Media pane above the text. Time codes are also supported, so you can click a time code in the transcript to go to that point in the audio or video. Tip: To make a video larger, drag the horizontal bar that separates the Related Media pane from the text. Related Media pane in text source window: The Related Media pane allows you to have quick access to audio or video files that are related to a text source youre coding. This feature is particularly useful when coding transcripts of audio or video. If you are coding a HyperTRANSCRIBE file, the Related Media pane automatically displays the media file. You can also manually display a related file, if you are coding a source file that isnt a HyperTRANSCRIBE file. To display a media file in the Related Media pane, first open you text source file, then click the arrow labeled Related Media at the top of the source window to show the media pane. Click the Media File button and select an audio or video file. You can use the controls to play portions of the file while coding the text. Tip: To make a video larger, drag the horizontal bar that separates the Related Media pane from the text. For more information about the Related Media pane, see the Text Source Window topic. Source list management: The new Sources List window provides a central overview of all source files used in your study. To use the Sources List, choose Sources Sources List. Page 3
In the Sources List, you can see information about a source, add and remove source files, open a source file, or display its icon in its folder. (For more information about the Sources List window, see the Sources List topic.) Batch adding source files: You can now add source files to your study without coding them. This lets you add your source files all at once, then open them from the list. (Opening a source file with the Sources menu and coding it still adds the source to your study. This new method of adding a source file simply increases your options.) To add a single source file, open the Sources List window and choose Add New Source File from the Sources popup menu at the upper left corner of the window. You can also add a folder full of source files with one action, by choosing Add New Sources from Folder from the Sources popup menu. Source file search: You can now easily search across all your studys text source files, whether they have been coded already or not. To start, choose Sources Text Source Search.
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When you search for a word or phrase, a list of all occurrences in your source files is displayed, along with the text surrounding the word or phrase, and the number of times it occurs in that file. For more information about searching, see the Search Sources Window topic. Tilde (~) page separator in text source files: The tilde character is no longer treated as a special page-separator character in text source files. This means that your files with tilde characters will no longer be split into multiple pages in the source window.
New features: Study files

HyperRESEARCH now supports the ability to merge study files automatically without needing to manually copy and paste cases. Filtering name change: The ability to work with a subset of codes or a subset of cases, temporarily hiding others, is now called filtering instead of selecting. Automatically merging studies: Collaborative teams working on the same study can use the Import feature to create a master study file that includes all the work done on the study. This all-inclusive study file can then be redistributed to the team, if desired, for further coding or for analysis.
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To merge other studies into your current study file, choose File Import Other Studies. The studies you choose are imported into your current study. Any codes, annotations, and source files that are used in cases you import are added to your current study, so it contains the complete material from all imported cases from each study file. For more information about merging studies, see Working Collaboratively. Easier case navigation: The case name near the top of the study window is now a popup menu. To quickly switch to another case, choose the case name from the popup menu.
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Deleting multiple cases: You can now remove multiple cases at once, instead of going to each case and deleting it individually. This feature can be particularly useful in conjuction with the new Import Study feature. To remove several cases at a time, choose Cases Delete Multiple Cases, then select the cases you want to remove. (To select more than one case, click the first case you want to use, then use Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows) to select the additional cases.)
New Features: Coding

HyperRESEARCH 3.0 adds support for code groups (nested or hierarchical codes), drag and drop codes, and more versatile code naming. Code Book name change: The Code List Editor is now called the Code Book. Code groups: This powerful new feature lets you organize codes in groups and subgroups. Codes can be grouped together as a set, can be included in more than one group, and groups can be nested, with groups containing other groups.
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For more information about code groups, see Creating and Organizing Codes. Drag-and-drop coding: Dragging individual codes (or code groups) to a source selection now provides an easier, more visual way to code sources. To code using the drag and drop method, first select your source material in the source window. Then click the code in the Code Book and drag it to the selection. The cursor changes to indicate the drag and drop in progress. When you release the mouse button, the section is coded with the code you dragged. Tip: To code a selection with multiple codes, you can either drag and drop a code group, or select multiple codes in the Code Book. To select more than one code, click the first code you want to use, then use Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows) to select the additional codes. Accented characters in code names: You can now use a wider variety of characters in code names. In addition to letters, numbers, and basic punctuation marks, you can now use the following characters: ampersand & exclamation point ! question mark ? percent sign % plus sign + equals sign = slash / backquote ` tilde ~ A-ring , slashed O , A or O with umlaut: , , ,
This provides greater expressive flexibility in code naming, plus the ability to correctly spell code words in several languages other than English. Autocode improvements: Page 8
HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH Autocode has been enhanced with an improved, easier-to-use interface. All source files are now included automatically. (You can still control which sources are used in an Autocode search by removing the ones you dont want to use.) Renaming a code now removes the old code from the Code Book: In previous versions, when you chose Rename from the Edit Code popup menu to change a codes name, the old and new names both appeared in the code list. This has changed so that renaming a code now removes the old name from the Code Book.
New features: Appearance and user interface

There are a number of improvements and enhancements designed to make HyperRESEARCH easier to use. Improved appearance with easier-to-read fonts: Windows throughout HyperRESEARCH have been updated, and the text in some windows has been enlarged. Improved code fans: The appearance of the shadowed fans that appear in the source window to mark coded text has been improved, making overlapping codes much clearer.
A problem that sometimes caused the code fans to disappear in large source files has been corrected. Contextual menus and action menus: Contextual menus (accessed with Control-click on Mac or Right-click on Windows) have been enhanced throughout HyperRESEARCH. An Action popup menu (marked with a gear symbol) has been added to the study window. Both these menu types provide quick access to commonly-used actions from within a window. Welcome screen: Page 9
HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH A new and improved welcome screen gives you quick access to most-used features, including recently-used studies, help, and feedback. To see the Welcome screen, choose Help Welcome to HyperRESEARCH.
One-step minimizing: On Windows systems, minimizing the menu now minimizes all windows into a single icon. List dialog box improvements: Most selection dialog boxes are now resizable. The type-to-select capability has also been improved, so you can now type the first few characters of the item youre looking for, and in most lists, the item will automatically be selected for you.
Other changes and features

This version of HyperRESEARCH includes more than 100 improvements and enhancements. Zero-footprint installation: When you install HyperRESEARCH, you have the option to create a zero-footprint installation on a removable drive such as an external hard drive, USB stick, or other portable device. You can bring your removable drive to any computer and run HyperRESEARCH without leaving any preference files or other files on that computer. This option is useful if you need to use HyperRESEARCH on public lab computers, or other computers where you dont want to leave tracks or extra files behind. If you keep your source files and study file on the same portable drive, you can work on any computer. To create such an installation, simply use the Attached Removable Drive option in the Installer. New code proximity functions: HyperRESEARCH now includes two new functions to use for cross-analysis and code or case filtering: PrecededBy and FollowedBy. For more information about using these functions, see Code Proximity Functions. Create a picture of your setup: To create a file with a picture of your screen, setup, and all windows, choose File Export Screenshot. Send feedback to Researchware: You can send your feedback, questions, and feature requests directly to Researchware, Inc. Simply choose Help comments. Send Feedback and enter an email message with your
Improved robustness: Improved error-checking has been added throughout the program, along with clearer messages and more specific dialog boxes.
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HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH Filtering name change: The ability to work with a subset of codes or a subset of cases, temporarily hiding others, is now called filtering instead of selecting. (For more information about filtering, see the topics Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References.) Theory Builder name change: The Hypothesis Tester is now called the Theory Builder. (For more information about the Theory Builder, see Testing Theories.)
Updating from version 2.0 and later

If youve used an earlier version of HyperRESEARCH (2.0 or later), you can continue to use your existing files in this new version. Simply open the study file as usual and resume working. Converting study files from versions before 2.7: When you open a study file that was last saved in version 2.02.6, HyperRESEARCH automatically converts the file to the version 3.0 format. First, it makes a backup copy of the original file. (The backup copy has the same name as the original, with the phrase -v2.6backup added to the name.) This is a precaution to ensure that if theres any problem converting the file, you still have the original file available. Once you're confident that your study is working in the new version, you can throw away the backup file.
Updating from versions before 2.0

If you have study files that were created in a version earlier than 2.0, please contact support@researchware.com for help converting them to use in the new version.
Installing HyperRESEARCH
HyperRESEARCH is available for download on the Researchware web site. To visit the web site, go to http://www.researchware.com/hr/downloads.html or choose Help Support Page at Researchware.com. You can always download the latest version of HyperRESEARCH from the web site.
System requirements
HyperRESEARCH is compatible with Windows and Mac OS X systems. The specific requirements are as follows: for Windows: Windows XP through Windows 7 45 MB free disk space QuickTime 7.0 or later (for audio and video features) for Mac OS X: Version 10.3 or later 45 MB free disk space Page 11
The installation process

To install HyperRESEARCH, first download the software for your platform from the Researchware web site at http://www.researchware.com/hr/downloads.html. The file you downloaded is an installer. To install, double-click the downloaded program, then follow the instructions to install HyperRESEARCH on your hard drive. Once you have finished the installation process, you can start HyperRESEARCH.
Installing on a portable drive

When you install HyperRESEARCH, you have the option to create a zero-footprint installation on a removable drive such as an external hard drive, USB stick, or other portable device. If you use the Attached Removable Drive option, you can bring your removable drive to any computer and run HyperRESEARCH without leaving any preference files or other files on that computer. All files are stored on the removable drive with the application. Such a program is called zero footprint because it leaves no footprints behind on the computers where you run it. You can install HyperRESEARCH for Windows, Mac OS X, or both, so you can run the program on any computer thats available to you. This option is useful if you need to use HyperRESEARCH on public lab computers, or other computers where you dont want to leave tracks or extra files behind. If you keep your source files and study file on the same portable drive, you can work on any computer.
Licensing HyperRESEARCH
When you start the program, you will be asked whether you want to use it as the Free Limited Edition, or enter a license key to use the full edition. Free Limited Edition: To use the Limited Edition, you dont need a license key: just click the Free Limited Edition button in the startup dialog box every time you start up HyperRESEARCH. (For more information, see the Free Limited Edition topic.) Licensed Edition: When you purchase HyperRESEARCH, you receive a license key via email. To remove the limitations, enter your license key in the License Key box in the startup dialog box. (The Name and License Key are required; the Organization is optional.) Once you have entered the license key, you will no longer be asked for it when starting up HyperRESEARCH. If you have lost your license key, contact technical support at support@researchware.com for help. Please include as much information about your original purchase as possible in order to help us locate your customer record.
For system administrators: all-user and per-user licensing

When you enter a license key for HyperRESEARCH, the program may be licensed for either the current user or all user accounts on this computer, depending on the privileges of the account youre using when you enter the license key. Page 12
HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH When you enter a license key for HyperRESEARCH, the program may be licensed for either the current user or all user accounts on this computer, depending on the privileges of the account youre using when you enter the license key. Most users do not need to concern themselves about this feature: youll simply enter the license key and it will work. If you are an administrator installing HyperRESEARCH on a lab computer thats used by multiple people, you should be aware of the difference between licensing HyperRESEARCH as a user and licensing it as an administrator: If you are logged into an account with administrator privileges when you enter the license key, HyperRESEARCH will place the license information in the same folder as the application. This licenses the software for all accounts on the system, allowing any user on the system to use the software in licensed mode. If you are installing the software on a multi-user computer and want all users to be able to use it, then log in as an administrator to enter the license key. If you are logged into an account that does not have write permission in the HyperRESEARCH folder, HyperRESEARCH will place the license information in the accounts preferences area instead. This means that the application will be licensed only for that account. If a user with another account starts up HyperRESEARCH, it will run in free limited mode and request a license key on startup, as described in the previous section Licensing HyperRESEARCH. If you want only a particular user to have full access, log in as that user to enter the license key. Whenever HyperRESEARCH starts up, it searches for the license key first in the application folder, and then in the users preferences. If it is found in neither place, HyperRESEARCH asks for a license key (and reverts to demo mode if no key is entered).
Using and Upgrading From the Free Limited Edition

Researchware offers the Free Limited Edition of HyperRESEARCH for your use, free of charge. You can use it to evaluate HyperRESEARCH or, if your needs are limited, you can use it as long as you like.
Capabilities of the Free Limited Edition

When you start the program, you are asked whether you want to use it as the free Limited Edition, or enter a license key to use the full edition. To use the Free Limited Edition, click Use Free Limited Edition, without entering any other information. The Limited Edition is limited to 7 cases and 75 codes, with no more than 50 code references per case. There are no other limitations and no timeouts: you can use the Limited Edition to create and save files, print, and use all HyperRESEARCH features. You may continue using the Free Limited Edition as long as you want; there is no time limit. However, if your work requires more cases and codes than are allowed by the Free Edition, you will need to upgrade to the full, licensed edition. Page 13
HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH You may continue using the Free Limited Edition as long as you want; there is no time limit. However, if your work requires more cases and codes than are allowed by the Free Edition, you will need to upgrade to the full, licensed edition. If you create a study using the Limited Edition, and then decide to purchase HyperRESEARCH, you can continue working with your saved study files. The only difference is that once you have licensed HyperRESEARCH, the limits are removed and you can create more cases, codes, and code references.
Upgrading from the Free Limited Edition

To upgrade to the licensed edition and remove the limitations, you will need to purchase a license key. You can do so by visiting http://www.researchware.com. When you purchase HyperRESEARCH, you receive your license key via email. To remove the limitations:
Choose Help
Enter License Key. The license dialog box opens.
(The same dialog box opens when you start the Free Limited Edition, and you can enter your license key there instead.)
Enter your Name and License Key in the dialog box. (The Organization is optional.)
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Once you have entered the license key, you will no longer be asked for it when starting up HyperRESEARCH. Tip: If your computer is used by more than one account, and you need technical details about how to install for a single users use or for all users, see For system administrators: all-user and per-user licensing in the Installation and Requirements topic.
Using files created with the Free Edition

Once you have entered your license key, you can continue working with study files that you saved with the Free Edition. Simply open your saved file and begin working. The only difference you will see is that, with the licensed edition, the number of codes and cases is no longer limited.
Using the HyperRESEARCH Help System and Getting Technical Support

The Help system built in to HyperRESEARCH is a context-sensitive hypertext manual that covers all aspects of using the program. You can always access the Help system by choosing Help HyperRESEARCH Help. In addition, you can display specific help about most windows by clicking the ? button in the upper right corner of the window.
Using the Help window

The Help system contains several features to make it easier to navigate and use the information. To scan the available topics: Scroll through the list of topics on the left. Click a topic to view it. To browse through your session history: To return to the previously-viewed topic, click the Back arrow at the top of the Help window.
The Back and Forward arrows work like the similar controls in your browser, letting you move backward and forward through the topics youve viewed. To search for a word or phrase: Enter the word or phrase in the Search in Help field at the top of the Help window, then press Enter.
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HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH To search for more occurrences, press Enter again. To print a topic: Go to the topic you want to print, then click the Print button at the top right corner of the Help window. You can print a single topic, a section, or the entire Help contents. To use a link: Bold colored text (like this) is linked. You can click a link to go to a topic, visit a web page, open a file, or create a new email message.
Organization
The documentation includes five sections: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH This section describes the process of installing and updating HyperRESEARCH, how to get technical support, and how to use the HyperRESEARCH help system. Getting Started This section describes the basic concepts involved in starting to use HyperRESEARCH. If you are new to HyperRESEARCH, read this section after you install the program. HyperRESEARCH in Depth This section explains background information that helps you understand HyperRESEARCHs capabilities in designing your study, coding, analyzing your data, and reporting your conclusions. HyperRESEARCH Reference This section describes the menus, windows, and keyboard shortcuts you can use in HyperRESEARCH. If you see a menu item, button, or window and you want to know what it does, this is the section to look in.
PDF user guide

The contents of the Help system is also available as a PDF file. This file can be found in the HyperRESEARCH folder installed on your system, along with the Tutorials and tutorial examples.
PDF Help File: HR User Guide.pdf
Getting Technical Support

If you need help or if you have a question thats not answered in this documentation, please visit our Technical Support page by choosing Help Researchware.com. Support Page at
HyperRESEARCH forum: On the Technical Support page, you can visit the HyperRESEARCH discussion forum. The forum is a good place to ask questions about the program and get answers from Researchware engineers and other users.
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You can reach the Technical Support page by choosing Help Researchware.com.
Support Page at
Mailing list: The HyperRESEARCH mailing list is made up of HyperRESEARCH users like you. It s a good place to talk about using the program in real-world situations. You can subscribe and unsubscribe on the HyperRESEARCH technical support page at the Researchware web site, by choosing Help Support Page at Researchware.com.
Technical support: Registered users of HyperRESEARCH are eligible for free technical support. If you encounter a problem thats not discussed in this documentation, or if you have a question, send email to Researchware technical support at support@researchware.com. When seeking help for a problem with HyperRESEARCH, please include the following information: description of the problem list of steps needed to see the problem your computer model your operating system and version the exact wording of any error message you see
The more detailed your report, the faster we can help you find a resolution to the problem. Feature requests: We welcome your requests for changes and new features to make HyperRESEARCH more useful for you. If you have a suggestion, or if theres a new feature youd like to see, please send it to Researchware technical support at support@researchware.com, or choose Help Send Feedback.
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HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started
Getting Started
In this section, youll get a basic overview of working with HyperRESEARCH and learn how to most effectively use the program. To get started fast, take a look at the Visual Guide to HyperRESEARCH to find out what each item on the screen is, then read Quick Start to Coding. This topic guides you through the basic process of coding a text source file. For an in-depth, hands-on introduction, do the Tutorials. The HyperRESEARCH tutorials will guide you through all phases of working with the program, and youll create an actual study as you go. For an overview of HyperRESEARCH concepts and techniques, read How HyperRESEARCH Works first. If youve used an earlier version of HyperRESEARCH and you want to find out about new features and capabilities, read What's New for more information.
Visual Guide: HyperRESEARCH at a Glance
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The Study Window up close
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For more about the study window, see the Study Window topic.
The Code Book up close
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For more about the Code Book window, see the Code Book topic.
The Source Window up close
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For more about source windows, see the Text Source Window, Image Source Window, and Media Source Window topics.
Quick Start to Coding

To begin the coding process with HyperRESEARCH, follow these basic steps:
When the program starts up, you see the Welcome to HyperRESEARCH window. Click HyperRESEARCH Study under Create New to open a new, empty study file. (If youve already started HyperRESEARCH, insteach choose File New Study.)
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The Study window opens (on the left) along with the Code Book (to the right of the Study window).
Choose Cases
Rename to name your first case.
The case is your basic unit of analysis and comparison. You can create more cases by choosing Cases New, and move between them using either the Cases menu or the left and right arrows near the top left of the study window. Page 23
HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started The case is your basic unit of analysis and comparison. You can create more cases by choosing Cases New, and move between them using either the Cases menu or the left and right arrows near the top left of the study window. Whenever you code a selection from a source document, the code reference is added to the current case.
Choose Sources Open Text File to choose a text file to code. (This file can be plain text (.txt), RTF , or a HyperTRANSCRIBE transcription file.) The text file you choose appears in the Text source window on the right side of the screen.
Select a passage in the text by dragging over it. You can select and code any portion of the text, from a single letter to multiple paragraphs. Then choose Codes New Code and enter the code name. (The code should be a word or two encapsulating the significance of the passage youre coding. Code names can include any combination of letters, numbers, dashes, periods, and underscores.) The code appears in the Code Book and becomes part of your studys code list.
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Click Apply Code at the top of the Code Book, or press Enter, to attach the code to the selected passage. The code appears next to the passage, and the code reference appears in the Study window.
Continue coding your source file in the same way. You can apply the same code to multiple passages, or apply more than one code to the same passage. (You might want to apply two codes to the same passage if it demonstrates more than one concept.) Coded passages can also overlap, so you can apply one code to a paragraph and a different code to a sentence or phrase in that paragraph. Tip: To add a code directly to the Code Book, choose Codes New. You can add a code to the Code Book without selecting a passage first. Once a code is in the Code Book, you can use it for coding any source file. Tip: To code a passage using a code thats already in the Code Book, first select the code in the list, then select the passage in the source window and either press Enter or click Apply Code. Page 25
HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started Tip: To code a passage using a code thats already in the Code Book, first select the code in the list, then select the passage in the source window and either press Enter or click Apply Code. To switch to another text file, chose Sources Open Text File and choose the new file, then resume coding. You can include as many source files as needed in a case, and you can use the same source file in more than one case. For more information about coding source files, and to learn about coding images, audio, and video, see Coding Source Material.
The HyperRESEARCH Tutorials

The tutorials take you through the steps of creating and analyzing a pair of example studies: QDA Study and Cinderella Study. Each tutorial is a PDF file located inside the Documentation folder in the HyperRESEARCH folder on your disk.
Tutorial files
Click a tutorial name to open that tutorial file.
Tutorial 1: Beginning a Study Tutorial 2: Working with Codes Tutorial 3: Working with Cases Tutorial 4: Analyzing Codes and Reporting Tutorial 5: Graphic, Video and Audio Sources Tutorial 6: Advanced Code and Retrieve Features Tutorial 7: The Theory Builder
Example study and source files

These two sample studies are used in the tutorials. Click a study file to open it. If you want to look at all the files for a sample study, click a folder to open the folder containing the study file and all the source material. QDA Study QDA Study folder
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Cinderella Study Cinderella Study folder Tutorial 5 also uses a set of supplemental media files. To make the download as small as possible, these files are not included in the main HyperRESEARCH package. You can download the Multimedia Samples file from the HyperRESEARCH download page at http://www.researchware.com/hr/downloads.html.
How HyperRESEARCH Works

HyperRESEARCH is Researchwares software for qualitative analysis. With HyperRESEARCH, you can code and retrieve, build theories, and conduct analyses of your data. You can work with text files, audio (sound), video, and pictures. HyperRESEARCHs features include: Case-based approach that presents your data the way you collected it Advanced multimedia capabilities for audio and video data Sophisticated reporting and theory-building features Full cross-platform capabilitytrade files between Mac and PC
The process of qualitative analysis

Qualitative analysis is a technique that can be used either with hand methods, or more easily with computer assistance. Traditional methods of qualitative analyis: Traditional qualitative analysis is labor-intensive. After gathering data, researchers transcribe the source material with a typewriter or word processor, make multiple photocopies of the text, painstakingly read through and assign codes to the material, cut the pages up into coded passages, and then manually sort the coded text in order to analyze the patterns they find. Using HyperRESEARCH: With HyperRESEARCH, your workflow will be similar, but each step will be made easier by the computers capability for data storage, automated searching, and display. You can use audio or video source files directly, if you prefer, without needing to transcribe them first. (You can also use text and pictures.) You can assign codes manually to any section of text, audio, video, or part of a picture. You can also use the Autocode window to automatically search for and code particular phrases in your text source files. Analysis is easy with the Report Builder, where you can choose a subset of cases and codes to work with, choose what data to use, and sort your reports automatically. Page 27
HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started Analysis is easy with the Report Builder, where you can choose a subset of cases and codes to work with, choose what data to use, and sort your reports automatically. The Theory Builder lets you set up and test your ideas about how concepts are related in your study.
Some basic terms

HyperRESEARCH, and this help file, use some terminology that you should be familiar with. Understanding these terms will help you understand how to use the program. (Some of these terms are general ones that pertain to all qualitative analysis, while some are specific to computer-aided qualitative work.) What's a study file? A study file is created by HyperRESEARCH to hold your study data. The study file contains your list of codes, your cases, and all the references to source material that youve coded. (The study file does not contain your source files, but does contain the name and location of each source file youve used.) What's a source file? A source file is a file that contains data youre analyzing. Source files might consist of interview transcripts, audio or video recordings of a subject, questionnaire answers, snippets of television commercials, or anything else that youre studying. HyperRESEARCH can use text, audio, video, and pictures as sources. What's a case? A case is the atomic unit of your study, the basic unit of analysis you are studying. How you define what a case is will depend on the nature of your study, but some examples are: a study of student outcomes in different classes, where each class is a case an exploration of how political views influence achievement, where each person is a case a study of survey results, where each survey-taker is a case You can use any number of source files in a single case, and share source files across cases. What's a code? A code is a word or phrase that designates an idea. You create new codes in the Code Book, which holds the list of all codes used throughout your study. When you find a portion of source material that relates to one of your codes, you code that source material, marking it with the code you choose. What's a code reference? A code reference is a reference to a portion of source material thats been coded. The code reference includes the code you used, the name of the source file, the type of source (text, audio, video, or picture), and where the coded portion is in the source file. Page 28
For example, if you code a paragraph of text, the code reference includes the code, the name and location of the text file, and the character number where the paragraph begins and ends. Code references for each case are displayed in the study window. For more information about how code references are shown, see the Study Window topic.
Coding with HyperRESEARCH

Heres how you might start a typical study. You open a file (text, image, audio or video) that contains material for your study. When you select a portion of the media and choose Codes Apply Code, HyperRESEARCH presents you with a list of code names you have created. You can choose an existing code name, or add a new one. HyperRESEARCH records the exact location of the selected media, along with the specified code name. It automatically stores this code reference on a virtual index card as you work. This index card is referred to as a case. With a single mouse click on a code reference, you can display any media in context that you have previously coded. In this way, you can easily review and modify your coding. You can also code your text source material automatically. The Autocoding feature automatically codes all occurrences of any word or phrase across all your textual source materials. You can then easily browse through and rename, modify or delete the code references as necessary. (For more information about the Autocode feature, see the Autocode Window topic.)
Analysis with HyperRESEARCH

At any time during the coding process, you can begin to analyze your data. HyperRESEARCH allows you to filter the cases that contain certain combinations of codes. There is no typing or syntax involved; you simply chose your codes from a list and then the appropriate Boolean operator (and, or, not) to build as complex an expression as is necessary to filter a set of cases. An example of the kind of query you can make is: Work with all cases that have one or more references to (Code A OR Code B) AND CODE Y You can do something similar with codes. Either across the entire list of cases or only on the cases which you have currently filtered, you can choose to work with only certain codes which you pick from your Code Book or which match criteria you devise. Once you have identified a set of cases and codes, you can display a report with a list of the code references specified by your case and code filters. The references in the reports are hyperlinked to the source material so that you can review each reference to its source material in context. You may also elect to have HyperRESEARCH gather the referenced textual source material and include it in the report.
Building and testing theories

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HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started HyperRESEARCH has a unique modeling feature called the Theory Builder. Using expert systems techniques, this analysis engine provides powerful tools for testing theories you may have about the themes in your data. (For more information about the Theory Builder, see the Theory Builder and Testing Theories topics.)
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH in Depth
HyperRESEARCH in Depth
This section describes the practical tasks involved in creating a qualitative study, and how you accomplish each of them using HyperRESEARCH. There are four stages to qualitative research: Preparation, Coding, Analysis, and Reporting. Preparation: This is where youll decide on the form of your study and answer some basic questions such as: Whats my basic unit of analysis? Do I need to use a standard list of terms for coding, or let the source material suggest codes to me, or some of both? What source materials will I be using and in what form? (You dont necessarily need to decide all these things before you begin coding. You can lay out your study before you begin working with your material, or let the design emerge from the process of coding, or a combination.) Coding: When youre in the Coding stage, youre working directly with your source data. Youll add codes to mark significant sections, make notes on those sections, and possibly work collaboratively with other researchers on coding the source material. Analysis: In the Analysis stage, youre working with data youve previously coded, looking for interesting and useful patterns in this data. You can create and test models with the Theory Builder, use the Code Map to explore relationships between codes, and work with subsets of your data to examine specific facets. Reporting: During the Reporting stage, youre producing data in a form that can be presented to colleagues, incorporated in memos or research papers, or exported for further analysis using other tools. For some projects, you may go through each stage in order during your research, but HyperRESEARCH offers you the flexibility to move back and forth between these stages. For example, you can: Start coding immediately, and let your study design emerge organically. Change your study designfor example, split a case or create additional cases during coding. Perform some analysis and then return to coding additional material. Generate preliminary reports to evaluate your progress during the coding stage. Re-code with new concepts as you analyze previously-coded material and your understanding of the data evolves. You can make fundamental changes at any point without affecting your previous work. Tip: If youre starting out with HyperRESEARCH, first try out the Tutorials. These tutorials will guide you through all phases of working with the program, and youll create an actual study as you go.
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HyperRESEARCH: Preparation
Designing a Study and Preparing to Work in HyperRESEARCH

As youre preparing to start work, youll be thinking about how your study will be organized: the basic units of analysis that will become cases, the codes youll be using and how theyll be grouped, and which source materials youll use (and what needs to be done to prepare them for coding). In this phase, you get ready to begin the work of coding and analysis by preparing everything. Tip: You don't need to specify a design first; you can start coding immediately, developing your study design organically as it emerges from the data. Even if youre taking this approach, its a good idea to be familiar with this information so you can use it during the process of designing your study over time These topics will help you in preparing to work and designing your study: Setting Up Your Study: Designing and laying out your study, creating cases and codes to start with, and adding source references to prepare for coding. Preparing Source Material: Putting your text, pictures, audio, and video data into formats that HyperRESEARCH can use. Working Collaboratively: Planning for sharing source files and studies, and working as part of a team on coding a study. Backing Up Data: Making sure your critical data is protected, creating a backup strategy, and setting up automatic backups.
Also see:
Installation and Requirements in Welcome to HyperRESEARCH Options/Preferences Window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Sources List in HyperRESEARCH Reference File Types in HyperRESEARCH Reference Tutorial 5: Graphic, Video and Audio Sources
Setting Up Your Study

HyperRESEARCH keeps track of your coding scheme and all references to your source materials in a document called a study. Before you create a study in HyperRESEARCH, you should know the basic unit of your study (each of these units will constitute a case), you should have your source files prepared and completed, and, if youre working in a team, you should consider how you and your team members will work together.
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Setting up cases
A case is the basic unit of analysis in a study. One case may represent an individual or a group such as a department, school district or corporation. In your study window, you will see each case as a separate pane. You can navigate between cases, or temporarily exclude some of your cases so that you can work with a subset of your data. When creating your study, you should first consider what a case will consist of. When deciding what a case will consist of, consider how your study naturally breaks down. What are you comparing or contrasting? Also consider the number of code references you will be adding to each case. If you will be adding more than several hundred code references to any case, this may be a sign that you should consider defining your cases differently. You can add new cases to your study at any time, so you dont need to decide on your complete list of cases at the beginning. But you should decide on the basic unit of your study so that you can set up your initial cases accordingly. Tip: You can sort code references, but cases always appear in alphabetical order in the study file. If you want to change the order of cases, try adding a number to the beginning of each cases name to change its alphabetical order. For example, if you want case Zeta to always come first, rename it 01 Zeta.
Creating a list of codes

There are two basic approaches to coding. You can either create a standardized list of codes at the beginning and use this for all coding, or you can enter new codes as youre reading through the source material. Or you can combine these two approaches, starting out with a basic list of codes for the concepts you want to track and adding new ones during the coding process as you find new insights in your source material. To create a starting list of codes for your study, choose Codes New and enter your first code name. The new code appears in the Code Book window. Repeat this for each code you want to add to the list. These codes will be available when you begin coding. If you prefer, you can import the list of codes from an existing study, ensuring that you use the same standard list of codes for both studies. First open the existing study and choose Export List from the Edit Codes popup menu at the top of the Code Book. Make a note of where you save the file. Then open your new study and choose Import List from the Edit Codes popup menu, and locate the exported code list from the first study. The codes will be added to your Code Book, ready to use.
Preparing source files

Your source files contain the raw data that will be used for your study. Typical sources might include interview transcripts, video tape segments, survey results, photos, and other data. Source formats: To use a source in a HyperRESEARCH study, it must be located in a file on your computer, in one of the many formats that HyperRESEARCH can use. If your source is not in this format, you will need to convert it before beginning to code the source. Page 33
HyperRESEARCH: Preparation To use a source in a HyperRESEARCH study, it must be located in a file on your computer, in one of the many formats that HyperRESEARCH can use. If your source is not in this format, you will need to convert it before beginning to code the source. For example, HyperRESEARCH can use plain text and RTF files, but not Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) files. If your interview transcripts are in Word format, you must first use the File Save As command in Word to save each file in Text or RTF format. HyperRESEARCH can use the resulting files as source material. If you have audio or video material that is not in the form of computer filessuch as actual videotapeyou must first convert this material so that it can be stored in the form of a file. HyperRESEARCH will then be able to access the file so that you can code the material. For a complete list of formats HyperRESEARCH supports, see the File Types topic. Altering source files: In general, you should avoid changing your source files after you begin coding. HyperRESEARCH maintains its code references by counting the number of characters from the start of a text source file to the beginning of the quoted portion. Because of this, if you change the source file (and therefore change the count of characters), HyperRESEARCH will no longer be able to locate the referenced quotations in that source file. If you need to change a source file after coding itfor example, to add attribution data to the fileits best to add the data at the end of the file. Any code references that come after the change will need to be re-coded, so adding information at the end of the file avoids the need to re-code. Naming and placing source files: Your source files can have any name and be placed in any convenient location on your disk. (The only exception to this is that you cannot have two source files with the same name. If you use two sources with the same name, HyperRESEARCH will not be able to tell which code references should be assigned to which file.) Its often more convenient to keep all source files for your study in the same folder. This will make it easier for HyperRESEARCH to locate the files if you move them to another computer or to another location on your computer. Working with large source files: HyperRESEARCH does not impose any limit on the size of your source files. Sources may be of any size. However, if text source files are very large, certain functionsin particular, viewing a source with Codes in Contextmay become slow as coding progresses, particularly if you have more than a thousand code references in a single source file. To avoid this, if any of your text sources are very large (several hundred K or more), consider splitting them into multiple files before you begin coding. Since you can use as many source files as needed for each case, doing so generally will not change your study schema, and it may prevent an annoying slowdown.
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Image, audio, and video files may be of any size that your computers memory will accommodate, and the above discussion does not apply to any but text sources. Large image, audio, and video sources will not cause HyperRESEARCH to slow down when viewing. For more information about preparing source files, see Preparing Source Material.
Adding source files to your study

There are two ways to add source files to your study. If you open a source file using the Sources menu and code a selection of material in it, HyperRESEARCH automaticaly stores the files name and location in your study file. You can also add source files to your study without coding them, which may be convenient as you are preparing for coding. Important: HyperRESEARCH does not copy or incorporate source files into your study file. Instead, it stores the name and location of each source file you use, and opens the files in HyperRESEARCH for coding. This is why its important to keep the source files intact once you begin coding. If you alter or remove a coded source file, HyperRESEARCH will no longer be able to display the files coded material. Adding a single source file to your study: To add a source file, choose Sources Sources List to open the Sources List window. Then choose Add New Source File from the Sources popup menu at the top left corner of the window.
Locate the source file you want to add and click Select. The source file is now recorded in your study file. To open it, first select it in the list of source files in the Sources List window, then click Open Source File. Adding a batch of source files: To add all the source files in a folder, choose Add New Sources from Folder from the Sources popup menu. HyperRESEARCH adds all the plain text files from the folder you specify to the source list. (To open any of these files, first select it in the list of source files in the Sources List window, then click Open Source File.) Page 35
To add all the source files in a folder, choose Add New Sources from Folder from the HyperRESEARCH: Preparation Sources popup menu. HyperRESEARCH adds all the plain text files from the folder you specify to the source list. (To open any of these files, first select it in the list of source files in the Sources List window, then click Open Source File.) Note: HyperRESEARCH does not look in subfolders of the folder you select, so to add your source files, they all should be on the top level of the folder. For more information about using the Sources List window, see the Sources List topic.
Preparing Source Material

HyperRESEARCH support a wide variety of source material formats, including text, audio and video, and images. The first thing you need to do with your data is to get it into a format that HyperRESEARCH can read.
Setting up your source files

First, make sure your source materials are in a format thats supported by HyperRESEARCH. For more information, see File Types. You may need to convert the format of some source files to make them compatible with HyperRESEARCH. For example, if you have text in a Microsoft Word file (.doc or .docx), make sure to open it in Word and save it as Plain Text, Text Only, or ASCII Text (the exact wording may vary depending on your version of Word) or as RTF or Rich Text Format. The plain text or RTF version of the file is the one you will use in HyperRESEARCH. Important: Changing the filename extension does not change the format of the file, so simply renaming Interview.doc to Interview.rtf will not change it to an RTF. To convert a files format, you must use the Save As command to save it as a new file. In Microsoft Word, you must choose one of the formats mentioned above from the Format popup menu in the Save As dialog box. This will ensure your file is in the correct format. Organizing source files: Its a good idea to keep all source files, regardless of type, in the same folder on your hard drive. You can place this folder anywhere, but it is convenient to put it in the same place as your study file. Each file should also have a name that readily identifies its contents. Source files do not need to be in the same folder for you to use them, but putting them in the same folder makes it easier to find, move, and back up all your source files at once, and makes it less likely that youll misplace or accidentally delete a file. Editing before starting to code: Make sure you complete your proofreading and editing of each source file before coding it in HyperRESEARCH. Once you begin coding, you should not alter the coded source files in any way. (However, you can move the source file, make back-ups of it, print it out using your word processor, or do anything other than change its contents.) The reason for this is that HyperRESEARCH keeps track of which passages have been coded in a text source file by counting the number of characters to the start of the coded passage. If you change the filefor example, by adding a header to the start of 36 Page the fileall these locations will change, so the location of your codes will no longer correspond to the parts of the text you selected.
HyperRESEARCH: Preparation The reason for this is that HyperRESEARCH keeps track of which passages have been coded in a text source file by counting the number of characters to the start of the coded passage. If you change the filefor example, by adding a header to the start of the fileall these locations will change, so the location of your codes will no longer correspond to the parts of the text you selected. For the same reason, if more than one researcher is coding the same source files, make sure each researcher has the same version of the files. Otherwise, if two researchers are each using a slightly different version of a file, their codes will be incompatible.
Protecting your source files

To protect your text source files from being edited, you can make them read-only or lock them. Windows: In Windows, you do this by right-clicking the icon of the file and choosing the Properties item. Click the read-only check box near the bottom of the General tab.
Mac OS X: In Mac OS X, select the files icon, then choose File in the Info window to lock the file. Get Info. Check the Locked box
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Text files
HyperRESEARCH can read any text file - interview transcriptions, e-mail messages, etc. - provided the file is in either plain text or RTF format. Use your favorite word processor to prepare the data. You can type the material in, or scan it with any of the OCR (optical character recognition) programs available, or import the material from other computer programs (especially in the case of text materials procured via e-mail), etc. Once youve prepared your text data, you must save it in Plain Text format (sometimes called Text Only or ASCII format) or in RTF (Rich Text Format). Refer to your word processors user guide if you do not know how to save a file in a different format. Tip: For best results, do not choose Text Only with Line Breaks or its equivalent. This will insert a paragraph mark at the end of every line, and your text file may not display properly when opened in HyperRESEARCH. (The line lengths will differ between your word processor and the HyperRESEARCH source file window.) It's better to have paragraph marks occur only at the end of true paragraphs. Using HyperTRANSCRIBE files: HyperRESEARCH can directly read transcript files prepared in HyperTRANSCRIBE. (HyperTRANSCRIBE is Researchwares transcription software. For more information about HyperTRANSCRIBE, visit the Researchware website.) You do not need to export from HyperTRANSCRIBE in text or RTF format; you can simply open the saved transcription file in HyperRESEARCH. For more information about using HyperTRANSCRIBE files as source files, see Text Source Window. Page 38
Image files
HyperRESEARCH can open as source material any file saved in JPEG, GIF, BMP, or PNG format. (PICT files are also supported in Mac OS X.) JPEG files have the advantage of supporting full color depth with compression that work very well on photographs, while line art tends to compress better with PNG or GIF. JPEG, PNG, and GIF files may be published on the Web. You can prepare images in these formats by scanning in photographs, slides or other flat materials, or by using a digital camera. Depending on the software you used for scanning or transfer from the digital camera, you may also need to convert the image files to one of the supported formats. Adobe PhotoShop, Jasc Softwares Paintshop Pro, GraphicConverter, DeBabelizer, as well as dozens of shareware products are capable of doing this sort of conversion. HyperRESEARCH can use the images regardless of the storage media you use with your computer. Hard disk, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, or USB thumb drives are all fine. Optical discs are a particularly good place to store your data because CDs and DVDs are read-only, thus preventing accidental erasure or corruption of your data.
Movies and sound

HyperRESEARCH uses QuickTime as the architecture for audio and video support. QuickTime is a popular standard for delivering cross-platform desktop video. QuickTime is available for free from Apple for both Mac OS X and Windows at http://www.apple.com/quicktime. In addition to native QuickTime movies (MOV files), QuickTime also supports playback of other media types, including MPEG, AVI, and animated GIF files. If your source materials are not already in the form of computer files, you will need to prepare them for use in HyperRESEARCH. To import such material to the computer, you will need a computer with video and/or audio digitizing hardware and a connection to a video or audio source. This might be a camcorder, VCR, or audiocassette recorder. Once the video or audio source material is digitized, you will need to make sure the file is saved in a format compatible with QuickTime. (For more information about what file types can be used by QuickTime, see the Apple QuickTime website at http://www.apple.com/quicktime.)
Working Collaboratively
Although HyperRESEARCH is designed to be used by one person at a time, it includes many options for sharing data that allow multiple-researcher teams to work on a study in both the coding and analysis phases. (For information about exporting data from HyperRESEARCH to be used in other programs, see the Exporting Study Data topic. You can export code lists, reports, and theory results.)
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Sharing study files and source files

To distribute a study file to other researcherseither for additional coding or for analysisyou will need to send the study file along with your source files. For this reason, its usually best to set up your study so that all your source files are in a single folder. This makes it easier to send the source files, and less likely that a file will be missed. Sources in HyperRESEARCH: When you work with a source file in HyperRESEARCH, the source is not imported or copied into your study file. Instead, HyperRESEARCH saves the name and location of the source file, along with the location of code references for that file. This approach improves memory use and performance, since source files are only opened when theyre needed. Because of this, its important that all researchers who are working on a study all have the same version of the source files. If a source file is coded by one researcher, and then the study is opened by another researcher with a different version of the source file, the code references in that source file may be shifted so that the wrong text is associated with the code. To prevent this, when you send a study file, make sure to also send the source files youve used. If you are sure your colleague has the same version of the source files, you dont need to send them again, but if in doubt, send any files that you believe might not be identical on your colleagues computer. Cross-platform file exchange: HyperRESEARCH uses the same file format on both Mac OS X and Windows, so you can create a study file using HyperRESEARCH on one platform, then open it using HyperRESEARCH on the other platform without converting or changing it. In general, source files can also be moved between platforms without changes. There are a few exceptions: Plain text source files can be used on either platform, but certain special characters that are part of one platforms standard character set but not the others cannot be displayed on the other platform. (For example, the not-equals symbol is part of the Mac character set but not the Windows character set, so files prepared on the Mac that have this symbol in them will lack it when opened on Windows.) This does not apply to Unicode-encoded files: Unicode files are fully cross-platform. PICT-format image files can be opened only on Mac OS X systems. All other image formats can be used on either platform without change. Windows Media audio and video files (.wma and .wmv) currently can be used as source files on Mac OS X with the Flip4Mac QuickTime extension. QuickTime currently cannot play these formats on Windows, so these source files cannot be accessed on Windows systems.
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HyperRESEARCH: Preparation Workflow for sending a study: You can distribute a study to any number of other researchers. To open the study file, the other researchers computer must have HyperRESEARCH installedeither the full licensed edition, or the Free Limited Edition. The process looks like this:
You send the study file and source files to the other researcher.
You can email the files, burn a CD with the files and give it to the other researcher, use your local network, or use any other method thats convenient. (If you are working on Mac OS X and are sending files to a Windows user, make sure your files have the correct 3-letter extension to identify the files type.) Tip: When using certain email clients, file type information is sometimes removed in transit. If this happens to you, try compressing the files using StuffIt or Zip before sending them.
The recipient opens the study file in HyperRESEARCH.
Tip: To simply view the data or create reports, the recipient can use the Free Limited Edition of HyperRESEARCH, without purchasing a license. The Free Limited Edition is available on the Researchware website at http://www.researchware.com/hr/downloads.html. However, to add codes or cases beyond the Free Limited Editions limits, the recipient must have a HyperRESEARCH license. For more about the Free Limited Edition, see the Free Limited Edition topic.
The recipient identifies the new location of the source files.
HyperRESEARCH stores the location of sources files within the study file, and when the files are moved to another computer (possibly with a different hard disk name, different folder structure, and so on), the location has changed. The first time the recipient does something that requires accessing a source filesuch as clicking a code reference when the View Source box is checked, or creating a report that includes source informationHyperRESEARCH asks where that source file is. Once the recipient has identified the files location, HyperRESEARCH asks whether all other sources are in this folder. If they are, the study file updates the location of all source files. To make sure that HyperRESEARCH wont need to ask again for the location of source files, the recipient should choose File Save to save the study file. This ensures that the new location of the source files is also saved.
Sharing code lists between studies

To share a common set of codes among members of your research team or among different studies, first create the code list in your study file, then choose Export List from the Edit Code menu at the top of the Code Book window. This command exports the entire code list, along with the code descriptions, to a text file. (Codes are Page 41 separated by returns, and each code is separated from its description by a tab.)
HyperRESEARCH: Preparation To share a common set of codes among members of your research team or among different studies, first create the code list in your study file, then choose Export List from the Edit Code menu at the top of the Code Book window. This command exports the entire code list, along with the code descriptions, to a text file. (Codes are separated by returns, and each code is separated from its description by a tab.) To re-use the exported list in another study file, open the study file, then choose Import List from the Edit Code menu at the top of the Code Book window. Choose the file you previously exported. The codes from that file will be added to the current study file. In this way, you can keep a core set of codes and use them in all studies. You can also exchange code lists among researchers who are working on the same study, ensuring that everyone is working with the same list of codes.
Merging study files

Teams of researchers often work on the same study, sharing the coding task among several people. Since coding a source file adds data to your study, if researchers are to share the coding, the team needs to create a file that includes all the coding everyone has done. In HyperRESEARCH, you use the Import Studies feature to accomplish this task. Import Studies adds code references from each file you designate to a master file, which then includes all the coding that has been done. (You have a variety of options to deal with situations where the same code reference appears in more than one coders work.) One person should handle this task, merging all the work done so far into one study file, which can be redistributed to the team for more work. To merge other studies into your current study file, follow these steps:
Collect a copy of the study file from each person who has done coding in the study. (You dont need to collect their source files, only the study file.) Its most convenient to put all these study files into the same folder, giving each one a different name. For example, QDA Study - Jane.hs2 includes the studys name and the name of the person who worked on this copy.
2 3 4
Open the study file that you want to serve as the master file. Choose File Import Other Studies. The Import Studies window opens.
Click Add a Study File and select the first file you want to merge. (To save time, if the study files are all in the same folder, you can click Add All Study Files in Folder and select the folder.)
For each study file you add, a section appears to let you control how to handle duplicate casesthat is, cases that have the same name, but not necessarily the same codes. You have three options for duplicate cases:
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HyperRESEARCH: Preparation Append Case Names With: include the duplicate case and add a suffix to its name, so you know which file each duplicate came from. Use this option if this files cases are completely separate, or if you want to review any duplicates manually. Add Codes to Existing Case in Master Study: merge the duplicate case with the same-named case in your current study file, so there's only one case that has all the code references from both duplicates. Use this option if youre sure that any case with the same name is just a duplicate of the one you already have, with additional coding which should be merged into a single case. Don't Import Cases With Duplicate Names: skip any case thats already in your current study file. Use this option if the cases in your current study file should always be taken as the definitive version of the case.
Click the Import Study button at the bottom of the window. (The buttons name changes depending on how many studies youve selected to import.) The studies are imported into your current study. Any codes, annotations, and source files that are used in cases you import are added to your current study, so it contains the complete material from all imported cases from each study file. If you used the Append Case Names option for any of the files, review the duplicated cases to decide which one to keep, or whether to merge the duplicates together. (To manually merge two cases, select all the code references in the first case, choose Edit Cut Codes, then go to the second case and choose Edit Paste. This moves all the code references from the first case to the second case. You can then delete the empty first case.) You can now re-distribute this updated file to your colleagues for further work, or continue with the analysis and reporting stage of the study.
Backing Up Data
Despite all efforts to the contrary, sometimes things go wrong. Computers crash, disks fail, software errors occur, people make mistakes. For this reason, Researchware strongly suggests you regularly back up all your data. The two most important pieces of your work with HyperRESEARCH are your source files and your study file.
Backing up source files

Your source files should be backed up before you begin work in HyperRESEARCH. You should not alter any source files after you begin coding them in HyperRESEARCH; changes to source files may alter the data associated with any given code reference. Having one copy of each source file on your hard disk for use in your study and another copy backed up on permanent media such as CD should be sufficient. For maximum protection, you may want to keep two back-up copies, with one copy of everything off-site (in case of fire or other unrecoverable disaster). Page 43
HyperRESEARCH: Preparation Having one copy of each source file on your hard disk for use in your study and another copy backed up on permanent media such as CD should be sufficient. For maximum protection, you may want to keep two back-up copies, with one copy of everything off-site (in case of fire or other unrecoverable disaster).
Backing up the study file

Your study file should be backed up regularly (after each session with HyperRESEARCH, daily, or weekly). Ideally, you should keep multiple backups, and include the date in the name of every backup study file. Sometimes an error will occur that will go undetected for a few sessions; having multiple backups with an easily recognizable dating system will aid in recovering data from before the error occurred. Tip: HyperRESEARCH can store an automatic backup every time you save your study file. For more information, see Backups in the Options/Preferences Window topic. The easiest way to back up a study file is to save the file under another name at the end of a session. First, make sure you save the file to its normal location on your hard drive by choosing File Save. Then choose File Save As to save a copy of the file to another location (such as a file server, CD, or removable thumb drive). Other files you may wish to back up include saved report settings, theory rule sets, exported reports and tests, and exported code lists. Tip: If you keep your study file, the folder containing your source files, and your settings files in one folder, you can simply copy the folder to your removable media to back up everything in one step.
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HyperRESEARCH: Coding
Coding: Working With Your Source Data

Coding is the heart of the researchers encounter with the source data that forms the basis of a qualitative study. When coding, youll be scanning the source files for the particular ideas and concepts that youre interested in, and labeling sections of the source material with codes that encapsulate those concepts. The coding you do will serve as the basis for further analysis. Coding Source Material: Methods of labeling sections of text, image, and video or audio source material with codes. Including Codes of Type THEME: Adding codes automatically (using the Theory Builder). Theme codes are based on coding youve already performedif a certain code relationship exists in a case, the Theory Builder can add a theme code to the case. Creating and Organizing Codes: Creating and removing codes from the Code Book, renaming and reassigning codes, and creating and managing code groups.
Also see:
Quick Start to Coding in Getting Started Working Collaboratively in Preparation Mapping Code Relations in Analysis Code Book in HyperRESEARCH Reference Text Source Window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Search Sources window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Autocode Window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Tutorial 1: Beginning a Study Tutorial 5: Graphic, Video and Audio Sources Tutorial 6: Advanced Code and Retrieve Features
Coding Source Material

Coding forms the basis of the analysis youll perform later. Your codes are tags that represent certain ideas, which you apply to selections of the source material that show or exemplify that idea in some way. Then, during the analysis phase of your study, youll compare codes across your source material, look for relationships between codes, and test theories based on where codes occur in your sources. Essentially, the codes will serve as a proxy for the ideas expressed by the source material.
Basics of coding
The process of coding in HyperRESEARCH is straightforward. To code source material, follow these steps: Page 45
Make sure that your study window is showing the case you want to code to. (The case name appears near the top of the study window. For more information about navigating through cases, see the Study Window topic.)
Choose Sources Open Text File , Sources Open Image File, or Sources Open Movie or Audio File and select the source file you want to code. The source file appears in a source window. Note: You can have only one source file window open at any time. If you open another source, any currently open source window closes.
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Select the source material you want to code.
Apply one or more codes to your selection. You can apply a code in either of two ways: In the Code Book window, select one or more codes, then click the Apply Code button at the top of the window (or choose Codes Apply Code). Drag one or more codes from the Code Book to your source window. Applying a code creates a code reference which appears in your study window, assigned to the current case. (For information about creating codes, see Creating and Organizing Codes.) Tip: If youve chosen the On Selection coding option in the Options/Preferences window, the Code Book comes to the front automatically when youve selected a passage, and you dont need to choose a menu item or press a key. For more information, see the Code Book section in the Options/Preferences Window topic.
Coding text sources

Selecting a part of a text source works just like selecting text in a word processor or text editor: you click and drag over the part you want to code. You can select any unit of text: a single word (even a single character), a phrase, a paragraph, or a longer selection. Once you apply a code, it appears in the Codes in Context margin on the left side of the source window, with a dark shadow fanning out to indicate where the source material is. For more information about Codes in Context, see the Text Source Window topic. You can also search text source files in a variety of ways. You can search an open source file by choosing Edit Find, search all your text source files at once by choosing Sources Search Text Sources, or use the Autocode feature to not only search but automatically apply codes to every place where the text is found.
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HyperRESEARCH: Coding Autocoding in text source files: The Autocode feature will search text source files for specified words or phrases and apply a specified code or codes to the found text. When you choose Codes Autocode, HyperRESEARCH displays the Autocode window. There are three tabs in this window where you can specify which text sources to search, which phrases to look for and what code or codes to apply to the found text. For more information about using the Autocode feature, see the Autocode Window topic. For an introduction to the autocoding feature as used in an example study, see Tutorial 6: Advanced Code and Retrieve Features. For information about searching source files, see the Search Sources Window topic. See the Text Source Window topic for more information about displaying and coding text files.
Coding images
You can select any rectangle of an image to code it. To select part of the image, click in one corner of the selection you want, and drag to the other corner. A selection rectangle appears to show you what part of the image youve selected. Then apply the code or codes you want. Your selection can be any size, from one pixel to the entire image. Tip: If the image is larger than the current window size, you can resize the window or use the scroll bars to access other portions of the image. See the Image Source Window topic for more information about displaying and coding image files.
Coding audio or video

When you open a video source file, the current frame of the movie appears above the controller bar, as shown below.
The controller bar at the bottom of the source window allow you to adjust the volume, play or pause the movie, and step forward or backward one frame at time through the movie. You can also adjust your position within the movie file by dragging the play head Page 47 (the vertical bar or round ball that shows your current position in the movie).
HyperRESEARCH: Coding The controller bar at the bottom of the source window allow you to adjust the volume, play or pause the movie, and step forward or backward one frame at time through the movie. You can also adjust your position within the movie file by dragging the play head (the vertical bar or round ball that shows your current position in the movie). Tip: The current time in the source is indicated by the location of the play head and also shown at the top of the window, in hours, minutes, seconds, and thousandths of a second, so you can zero in on the point you want. Audio files use the same controller bar and the same techniques, but no image appears above the controller bar for an audio file. Selecting a segment of source to code: There are several methods to select a portion of an audio or video source. Which one is best to use depends on how long the source is, whether you want to code while listening to or watching the source, and your personal preferences: On the controller bar, click at the start point, then click at the end point. The segment between clicks is selected. Drag the play head to the start point, press Shift-space to start playing, and when the source reaches the desired end point, let go of the shift key. The segment you played is selected. Begin playing the source. When you reach the desired start point, choose Sources Media Playback Set Selection Start (or use the keyboard shortcut Control-[ on Windows or Command-[ on Mac OS X). Then, when you reach the desired end point, choose Sources Media Playback Set Selection End (or press Control-] on Windows or Command-] on Mac OS X). Tip: If youve finding it difficult to select the exact time to click because the controller bar is too small, try making the source window bigger. The controller bar (and, for video sources, the video player) increases in size to match the window size. Whichever method you use, the exact time of the start and end points can be seen at the top of the window, in hours, minutes, seconds, and thousandths of a second. The selected segment is shown as a darkened section in the controller bar. When you have selected the exact portion you want to code, apply the code or codes you want. Selection tips for audio and video: To fine-tune your selection, here are several techniques, using the Step Left and Step Right arrow buttons at the right end of the controller bar. To use these shortcuts, start with the play head inside the selection (the darkened area in the controller bar): Windows Jump to the start of the selection Ctrl-Alt-Step Left Mac Option-Step Left
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HyperRESEARCH: Coding Jump to the end of the selection Ctrl-Alt-Step Right Add a frame to the start of the selection 1. Alt-Step Left 2. Shift-Step Left Add a frame to the end of the selection 1. Alt-Step Right 2. Shift-Step Right
Option-Step Right
1. Option-Step Left 2. Shift-Step Left
1. Option-Step Right 2. Shift-Step Right
Remove a frame from the start of the selection 1. Alt-Step Left 1. Option-Step Left 2. Shift-Step Left 2. Shift-Step Left Remove a frame from the end of the selection 1. Alt-Step Right 2. Shift-Step Left Select while playing Shift-Play
1. Option-Step Right 2. Shift-Step Left Shift-Play
Change play speed Ctrl-Alt-Step Cmd-Option-Step This is a strange but useful feature. If you hold down the Control and Alt keys (Windows) or Command and Option keys (Mac) and click the Step buttons, if you hold down the mouse button, a speed control appears in place of the Step buttons.
While continuing to hold down the mouse button, move it further to the right to play the movie faster, or to the left to play in reverse. You can press the Space bar at any time to begin selecting, and release the Space bar to stop selecting. When you release the mouse button, the speed control disappears and the Step buttons reappear. See the Media Source Window topic for more information about displaying and coding media files. For more keyboard shortcuts, see the Audio or Video Source Window section in the Keyboard Shortcuts topic.
Coding shortcuts
Since coding is one of the most time-consuming tasks in qualitative research, HyperRESEARCH provides many shortcuts for making coding easier and quicker. After you select a portion of text, press the Enter or Return key to open the Code Book. You can also choose to have the Code Book open when you select source material, without having to press the Enter or Return keys (see the Options/Preferences Window topic). If the Code Book is already open when youve made your source selection, pressing the Enter or Return key triggers the Apply Code button, creating a code reference in the current case with the code or codes selected in the Code Book. Page 49
HyperRESEARCH: Coding If the Code Book is already open when youve made your source selection, pressing the Enter or Return key triggers the Apply Code button, creating a code reference in the current case with the code or codes selected in the Code Book. As a shortcut for clicking a code in the code list and then clicking the Apply Code button, double-clicking a code in the code list will trigger the Apply Code button. To code quickly, follow these steps:
Leave the Code Book open next to your source window.
Tip: The Code Book window is resizable; making it as tall as you can will let you see more of your codes at once.
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Select the portion of the source material you wish to code. Double-click the code you want in the Code Book.
If youre applying the same code to many portions of your source, you can just select the source material and press the Enter or Return key. If youve left the Code Book open and have your code selected, this will apply the code for you in one step. Tip: You can apply all the codes in a group at once by selecting the groups name and clicking Apply Code, or using one of the equivalent shortcuts. All the groups codes will be applied to the selected segment of source material. (For more information about code groups, see Creating and Organizing Codes.)
Including Codes of Type Theme

The Theory Builder can temporarily add a code to a case. Normally, these additional codes exist only during the test itself; they are not added to the case. However, by checking the Add Themes to Cases box in the Theory Builder window, you can add these codes to the case as codes of type Theme. Themes are not derived directly from your data in the coding process. Rather, theyre based on the presence or absence of certain codes in the case. They dont point to any underlying source material (of type Text, Image, or Movie). They represent themes youve inferred from existing coding. A code of type Theme, unlike other codes, does not have any source material associated with it. It is part of the case, but has no source file or source reference. For example, in the QDA Software study, the following inference may be made in the rule editor: IF computer more efficient AND stays close to data AND NOT distant from data THEN NOT FRANKENSTEINS MONSTER That is: if during the coding process you found source material that warranted the codes computer more efficient and stays close to data, but you didnt find any source material that supported the distant from data code, then its logical to infer that the Page 50 respondent doesnt consider qualitative data analysis software to be a Frankensteins Monster. If you place this rule in the Theory Builder, and check the Add Themes to Cases box, then the code NOT FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER is added to each case that
HyperRESEARCH: Coding That is: if during the coding process you found source material that warranted the codes computer more efficient and stays close to data, but you didnt find any source material that supported the distant from data code, then its logical to infer that the respondent doesnt consider qualitative data analysis software to be a Frankensteins Monster. If you place this rule in the Theory Builder, and check the Add Themes to Cases box, then the code NOT FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER is added to each case that meets the criteria. Codes of type Theme may be the same codes that you have used already in coding. If you want your Theme codes to be distinct from your normal codes (to be applied only as Themes, rather than assigned directly to the data) you may wish to name them in all upper case (e.g. NOT FRANKENSTEINS MONSTER). This will help them stand out in the Code Book, the study window, and in reports. These Theme codes may be manipulated and analyzed in the same ways as regular codes. They appear in the Code Book and can be duplicated, renamed, deleted, and so on. See the Testing Theories topic for more information on the Theory Builder and creating Theme codes.
Creating and Organizing Codes

Codes are the words or phrases you use to label selected segments of source material. A code summarizes the idea conveyed by the source selection, and coding source material helps organize its ideas and concepts for analysis. You can organize codes into groups and subgroups. Codes are displayed and managed using the Code Book window. For more information, see the Code Book topic. For information about the process of codingusing your codes to label segments of source materialsee Coding Source Material.
Creating and removing codes

You can create a new code at any time, whether youre currently coding source material or not. You can create a number of codes before beginning the coding process, or let your codes emerge naturally from your source material, or a combination.
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Creating new codes: To create a new code, choose Codes New Code and enter the codes name. A code should be a brief summarya word or short phrasethat describes an idea or concept that you encounter in the source material. Your code name can be of any length, and can include any combination of the following characters: letters a-z and A-Z A-ring , slashed O , A or O with umlaut: , , , numbers 0-9 underscore _ period . dash colon : backquote ` tilde ~ =, +, /, % &, !, ?
The new code appears in the Code Book. (Codes are listed in alphabetical order.) Adding code descriptions: Each code can have a description, which can include a definition of the code, a discussion of how the code shoud be used, or just your notes to yourself. The code description appears at the bottom of the Code Book when the code is selected.
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To add or change a description, click the code, then type into the Description pane at the bottom of the window. The code description is stored with the code in your study. Removing codes: To remove a code from the Code Book, select it and then choose Delete Code from the Edit Codes popup menu at the top of the Code Book. When you remove a code, you also remove any code references that remove that code, so any coding youve done with that particular code disappears from your study. (If you want to assign those code references to a different code, see Reassigning and renaming codes below.) Tip: To select more than one code in the Code Book, Control-click (on Windows) or Command-click (on Mac OS X) each code you want to select. You can then delete all the selected codes at once by choosing Delete Codes from the Edit Codes popup menu.
Reassigning and renaming codes

At times you may want to make changes to the codes used for already-coded source material. There are a number of possible reasons: changing a codes name to better reflect its meaning consolidating several specialized codes into a more general code removing a code used for temporary marking of interesting passages You have three options: Rename, Re-Code, and Duplicate.
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Note: The Rename, Re-Code, and Duplicate commands in the Edit Codes popup menu change the code wherever it appears, while the commands in the Codes menu change only the selected code references. For more information about the distinction between the global changes you make in the Edit Codes popup menu and the specific changes available in the Codes menu, see The Codes menu versus the Edit Code menu in the Code Book topic. Changing a codes name with the Rename command: To simply change a codes name throughout your study, select the code, then choose Rename from the Edit Codes popup menu at the top of the Code Book. This command changes the codes name to the new name you enter. Any coding youve done with the old name is changed to refer to the new name instead. Reassigning code references with the Re-Code command: To assign all a codes references to a different code, select the code you want to reassign, then choose Re-Code from the Edit Codes popup menu at the top of the Code Book. Then either select a code to reassign the first one to, or create a new one. All the first codes references are changed to use the second code instead. The main difference between Rename and Re-Code is that a renamed code is removed from the Code Book and replaced by the new name. When you Re-Code, the original code is still in the Code Book and you can continue to use it. You can also re-code more than one code by selecting all the codes you want to change in the Code Book. All code references for all the selected codes are changed to the new code you choose. Note: The Rename and Re-Code commands both cancel any case filters, so they affect all cases in your study, even if you have set up a case filter. Creating new code references with the Duplicate command: To make a copy of all the code references for a particular code, select the code in the Code Book, then choose Duplicate from the Edit Codes popup menu. Then choose a code to duplicate the first one to (or create a new code and choose it).
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HyperRESEARCH: Coding For each of the first codes references, a copy is created using the second code: for example, if there were five references to the first code, there are now five for the first code and five for the second code.
Grouping codes together

In the Code Book, you can organize your codes by putting them into groups. You can create as many groups as you want. Groups can contain codes, other groups, or both, much the way folders on your disk can contain files and subfolders. A group or code can be a member of one group or of several groups. The All Codes group: When you create a new study, the Code Book contains one group called All Codes. By default, new codes you create are placed in this group. The All Codes top-level group always appears at the top of the list of codes. The All Codes group contains all the groups and codes in the Code Book, and cannot be deleted. Creating code groups: To create a code group, choose Codes New Group and enter a name for the group. (A code group can have any of the same characters as a code: see the section above on creating new codes.) The new group is created in the All Codes group.
Groups have an arrow to the left of the groups name. You can click this arrow to expand or collapse the group, either showing or hiding the groups contents. Moving codes and groups into a group: To move a code into a group, simply click the code and drag it to the groups name in the Code Book. You can drag codes from the All Codes top-level group, or from one group to another. The cursor changes while you drag to indicate whether its over a group.
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If you drag a group, instead of a code, it becomes a subgroup of the group you dragged it to. You can nest subgroups as deeply as you want. To move a code or group out of its group, drag it to the special group All Codes. Making a code a member of more then one group: A code (or group) can belong to any number of groups. To add a code to one group without removing it from the one its in, hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS X) as you drag. When you Alt/Option-drag a code, it is added to the target group, but remains in its original group also.
Codes that are members of more than one group display an asterisk to the right of the codes name. Managing codes in the Assign to Groups window: The Assign to Groups window lets you see and change which groups a code (or group) is a member of. In the Assign to Groups window, you can add a code to a group, remove a code from a group, or see the list of groups that a code belongs to. To open the Assign to Groups window, select a code or group and choose Assign to Groups from the Edit Codes popup menu.
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The Assigned Groups list on the left shows which groups this code, creative software, is already a member of. The All Codes Groups list on the left shows all groups in this studys Code Book. (Groups that the code is already assigned to are grayed out.) To add the code to another group, select the group in All Code Groups, then click Add. To remove the code from one of its groups, click the group in Assigned Groups, then click Remove. (If you remove the code from all of its groups, its automatically placed in the top-level All Codes group. You cannot remove a code from the All Codes group if its the only group that the code is in.) Renaming and removing groups: You change a groups name or delete it in the same way you rename or delete codes: select the groups name in the Code Book, then choose Rename or Delete from the Edit Codes popup menu. Note: If you delete a group that includes codes or subgroups, those codes or groups are also deleted. If a code is also a member of another group, it remains in that group; otherwise, it is removed completely from your study, along with all code references that use that code. Because of this, you should remove code groups with caution. Coding with groups: You can use a group to apply multiple codes to the same selected portion of source material. To apply all the codes in a group: 1. Open your source file and select the segment you want to code.
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2. Either click the group in the Code Book and then click Apply Code, or drag the group to the selected segment in the source window.
All codes in the group are applied to the selected portion of source material. (This includes codes that are in subgroups of the group you selected.)
Importing and exporting code lists

You can share lists of codes between studies by exporting one studys codes and importing them into another. This is a useful capability if you want to synchronize the code lists in multiple copies of the same study file (for example, for a team of researchers all coding in the same study), or if you want all your studies to start with the same core list of codes. To export the codes from your study, choose Export List from the Edit Codes popup menu at the top of the Code Book. This command exports the entire code list, along with the code descriptions and group memberships, to a text file. To import the exported codes into another study file, open the other file, then choose Import List from the Edit Codes popup menu and locate the exported code list from the first study. The code list is imported into the currently open study file. (The imported list does not replace any codes that are currently in the Code Book. Instead, the two lists are merged: after the import process, the Code Book contains all the codes that were originally in the Code Book plus all the codes that were in the imported list. If a code appears in both the original Code Book and the imported list, it appears in the final Code Book only once, and is not duplicated.) (For more information about working in groups, see the Working Collaboratively topic.)
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HyperRESEARCH: Analysis
Analysis: Reaching Conclusions About Your Results

When analyzing your data, youll be working with the code references youve previously created by tagging sections of your source material with codes. In the analysis phase, youll reach conclusions about what the pattern of your coding reveals about your data. (You can perform analysis before youve finished coding, going back and forth between these phases and using your analysis results to further refine your coding. But you must first do some coding in order to have something to analyze.) Filtering Cases: Showing only a selected subset of cases, so you can analyze or report on just those cases. Filtering and Sorting Code References: Showing only a selected subset of code references, so you can analyze or report on just those code references. Expressions and Filtering Criteria: Methods for defining which cases or codes to filter, or what relationships to look for when testing theories. Code Proximity Functions: Searching for relationships between coded materials when filtering or testing theories. Boolean Logic: Learning how AND, OR, and NOT are used to create complex filtering expressions. Mapping Code Relations: Making a visual layout of your codes showing how theyre related. Testing Theories: Creating models and using the Theory Builder to test whether your coding supports your theoretical model.
Also see:
Including Codes of Type THEME in Coding Code Map Window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Theory Builder in HyperRESEARCH Reference Tutorial 2: Working with Codes Tutorial 6: Advanced Code and Retrieve Features Tutorial 7: The Theory Builder
Filtering Cases
HyperRESEARCH allows you to work with subsets of your cases by filtering certain cases and temporarily others. When browsing through your cases or generating a report or frequency report, HyperRESEARCH shows only those cases that are currently filtered. To access any unfiltered cases, you need to change the current selection by choosing Page 59 Cases Filter Cases.
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis HyperRESEARCH allows you to work with subsets of your cases by filtering certain cases and temporarily others. When browsing through your cases or generating a report or frequency report, HyperRESEARCH shows only those cases that are currently filtered. To access any unfiltered cases, you need to change the current selection by choosing Cases Filter Cases. Filter Cases or from the Filter Cases
Tip: You can choose a case filter from Cases popup menu near the top of the study window.
All cases
The case filter default is All Cases: HyperRESEARCH will show all your cases unless instructed otherwise. To show all cases again after having filtered a subset of cases, choose Cases Filter Cases All Cases.
Filtering cases by name

By choosing Cases Filter Cases By Name, you may choose specific cases manually. HyperRESEARCH displays your case list. Click a case name to select it. To select more than one case, click the first case, then Control-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac) to select additional cases.
Filtering cases by criteria

By choosing Cases Filter Cases By Criteria, you may filter cases based on the presence and/or absence of various codes. You may also filter cases using the code proximity functions. See the Expressions and Filtering Criteria topic for more information on specifying criteria for case filtering.
Filtering only the current case

To hide all cases except for the one currently displayed in the study window, choose Cases Filter Cases Current Case Only.
Undoing all filtering and making all cases visible again

To show all the hidden cases, choose Cases Filter Cases All Cases.
Filtering and Sorting Code References

HyperRESEARCH allows you to work with subsets of your codes by filtering certain codes and temporarily hiding all others. When browsing through your cases or generating a report or frequency report, HyperRESEARCH shows only the code references for the currently filtered codes, and in text source windows, only the filtered codes are shown. To access any currently-unfiltered codes, you need to change the current selection by choosing Cases Filter Codes.
Tip: You can choose a code filter from Cases Filter Codes or from the Filter Codes popup menu near the bottom of the study window.
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HyperRESEARCH: Analysis Code filtering can be a powerful tool in analyzing your data, especially when used in combination with the case filtering tools. Reports will analyze only those codes and cases currently filtered, making it easy to concentrate on certain portions of your data.
All codes
The code filter default is All Codes: HyperRESEARCH will show all your codes unless instructed otherwise. To show all codes again after having filtered a subset of codes, choose Codes Filter Codes All Codes.
Filtering codes by name

By choosing Codes Filter Codes By Name, you can choose specific code names manually. HyperRESEARCH displays a list of all codes in your study. Click a code name to select it. To select more than one code, click the first code, then Control-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac) to select additional codes. HyperRESEARCH will display all code references that are assigned to one of the specified codes, and hide the rest of the code references.
Filtering codes by criteria

By choosing Codes Filter Codes By Criteria, you can filter codes using the code proximity functions, and also by name. Code references that match the criteria are filtered. See the Expressions and Filtering Criteria topic for more information on specifying criteria for code filtering.
Using the Code Map to filter codes

In the Code Map window, you can choose Apply Marked Set to Study Window from the Mark menu to filter only the codes that have been marked with yellow highlighting in the Code Map. All code references that use any of the highlighted codes will be filtered. For more information about using the Code Map, see the Mapping Code Relations and Code Map Window topics.
Filtering codes by source type

You may filter code references based on the type of source material theyve been assigned to. Code reference types include Text, Image, Movie, and Theme. (The Theme code type is a special type, not referring to any specific source material. The Theory Builder may add theme codes to the study. See the Testing Theories and Including Codes of Type Theme topics for more information about Theme codes.)
Hiding all code references

You can easily clear the decks by choosing Codes Filter Codes Unselect All. Although all your code references are of course saved (and easily retrieved by changing the code filter), theyll be hidden and out of the way while you apply new codes to the case.
Hiding selected code references

You can hide one or more code references by highlighting the code reference in the study window, then choosing Edit Hide Highlighted. The selected code references are hidden from view. To hide all code references in the current case that are not selected, select the code references you want to keep in view, then choose Edit Page 61 Hide Others.
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis You can hide one or more code references by highlighting the code reference in the study window, then choosing Edit Hide Highlighted. The selected code references are hidden from view. To hide all code references in the current case that are not selected, select the code references you want to keep in view, then choose Edit Others. Hide
Undoing all filtering and making all codes visible again

To show all the hidden code references, choose Codes Filter Codes All Codes.
Sorting code references

Normally, the list of code references in the study window appears in the order you coded them: when you code a new selection of source material, its code reference is added to the bottom of the list. You can sort the list of code references to make it easier to scan, or to make it simpler to select multiple code references by grouping them together. (For example, if you want to delete all the code references to a particular source file, it will be easier to select them all at once if you first sort by source file name.) Sorting also affects the order in which code references appear in reports. You can sort by any combination of the source files name, its type, the code you used, or the position of the coded selection in the source file. (If you have filtered cases, only the code references in the filtered cases are sorted. Any other cases are unchanged.) To sort code references, first choose Codes Sort. The Sort Codes window opens.
Sorting by code name: To put code references in order by the code name you used for each, click the Code Name button. Code Name appears in the Codes Sorted By box on the right. Then click Sort to re-order the code references in all currently filtered cases. Sorting by source file name: To put code references in order by source file name, click Code Source, then click Sort. (Remember that in HyperRESEARCH, you can use multiple source files in the same case.)
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HyperRESEARCH: Analysis Sorting by type: The type of a code reference is the type of source file it refers to: TEXT (a plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE file) IMAGE (an image file) MOVIE (an audio or video file) THEME (a code added by the Theory Builder, not linked to a source file) To sort code references by their type, click Code Type, then click Sort. (For more information about theme codes, see Including Codes of Type THEME.) Sorting by the coded selections position: To put code references in the same order in which they appear in the source file, click Code Reference, then click Sort. Sorting with multiple sort criteria: You might want to sort by several things at once. For example, if youve used several source files in one case, you might want to sort them by source file name, and by position within each file. To sort by multiple criteria, click the buttons in the Sort Codes window in the order you want. (For example, if you want to sort by type, and within each type by code name, first click Code Type, then click Code Name.) The criteria appear in order in the Codes Sorted By box on the right. If you make a mistake, click Reset to empty the sort criteria, then try again.
Once youre satisfied with your sort criteria, click Sort. Tip: You can sort code references, but cases always appear in alphabetical order in the study file. If you want to change the order of cases, try adding a number to the beginning of each cases name to change its alphabetical order. For example, if you want case Zeta to always come first, rename it 01 Zeta.
Expressions and Filtering Criteria

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If you choose to filter cases or codes by criteria, or if you use the Theory Builder, HyperRESEARCH will ask you to build an expression that defines criteria to use in filtering your cases or codes. When filtering cases by criteria, or creating a theory rule set, the expression you build may be a combination of codes and proximity functions, all linked by Boolean operators (AND and OR). You may also test for the absence of codes by inserting the NOT operator before a code name or code proximity function in the expression.
Building expressions to filter cases by criteria

To specify the criteria for filtering cases, first choose Cases Filter Cases By Criteria. In the Case Filtering Criteria window, youll use the Build Criteria popup menu.
When you first begin building your expression, the Build Criteria menu includes NOT, Function, and Code: Choose NOT if you want to test cases for the absence of a code or code proximity function. (Youll specify the code or function next.) Choose Function to have HyperRESEARCH test cases for the presence of certain code relations based on their proximity to one another. In the Select a Function dialog box, choose the proximity function you want to test for (Equals, Excludes, FollowedBy, Includes, Overlaps, or PrecededBy). Then choose the first code for the function, followed by the second code for the function. (See the Code Proximity Functions topic for more information about these functions.) If you first choose NOT before choosing Function, HyperRESEARCH will look for cases that do not have code references that match the specified code proximity function. Choose Code to specify a code name HyperRESEARCH should look for. If you first choose NOT followed by Code, HyperRESEARCH will look for cases that have not been coded with the specified code. Once youve chosen a code or function, the Build Criteria menu changes to contain the Boolean operators AND and OR. Use these to define more complex relationships between multiple codes and code proximity functions for HyperRESEARCH to test your cases against. Page 64
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis Once youve chosen a code or function, the Build Criteria menu changes to contain the Boolean operators AND and OR. Use these to define more complex relationships between multiple codes and code proximity functions for HyperRESEARCH to test your cases against. Continue selecting code proximity functions and code names, and relating them with the AND or OR operators, until your expression is complete.
When you click Select, HyperRESEARCH filters all the cases for which the expression is true. Cases for which the expression is false will be excluded from the current case filter, and temporarily hidden from view. (You may recall them by any time by choosing Cases Filter Cases information. All Cases.) See the Filtering Cases topic for more
Adding parentheses
Make sure to clarify any ambiguous portions of your expression by putting parentheses around terms you wish evaluated together (sub-expressions). See the Boolean Logic topic for more information about how expressions are evaluated. To place parentheses in your expression, you first enter the entire expression without parentheses, and then click the start and end codes for the parenthesized part of the expression. HyperResearch automatically detects that the expression may be ambiguous, and asks whether you want to place parentheses the codes you've selected. For example, suppose you want to create the following expression: IF chocolate AND (ice cream OR pudding) To enter such an expression, follow these steps:
Enter the expression IF chocolate AND ice cream OR pudding without the parentheses, following the process described earlier in this topic.
2 3
Click ice cream, the first code that you want to put inside parentheses.
Click pudding, the last code that you want to put inside parentheses. The sub-expression ice cream OR pudding is selected. Page 65
3 4
Click pudding, the last code that you want to put inside parentheses. The sub-expression ice cream OR pudding is selected. Answer Yes in the dialog box. A pair of parentheses is inserted surrounding the part of the expression you selected. You can also nest parentheses, using the same technique: click the first code that you want to enclose, then click the last code. First place the innermost parentheses, then place the outer parentheses.
Building expressions to filter codes by criteria

When filtering codes by criteria, the expression you build will simply be a series of code names and/or code proximity functions. HyperRESEARCH will select every code reference that matches any of the code names or any of the proximity functions youve specified. (See the Code Proximity Functions topic for more information about these functions.)
You can choose either to filter just the code references in the current case (choose Current), or the code references is all filtered cases (choose Filtered). Tip: If you want to filter codes by name, and you dont need to use the code proximity functions, choose Codes Filter Codes By Name instead of Codes Filter Codes By Criteria. The By Criteria option will let you filter codes by name, but using By Name is simpler.
Building expressions in the Theory Builder

The Build Expression popup menu in the Theory Builder works the same way as the Build Criteria menu in the Case Filtering Criteria dialog box (see Building Expressions to Filter Cases by Criteria above). The only difference is how the expression is applied to your data. When evaluating expressions in a theory, any case for which the expression is true will be subject to the actions specified in the THEN section. Cases for which the expression evaluates to false will not have the associated actions performed. See the Boolean Logic, Code Proximity Functions, Filtering Cases, Filtering and Sorting Code References, and Testing Theories topics for more information. Page 66
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis See the Boolean Logic, Code Proximity Functions, Filtering Cases, Filtering and Sorting Code References, and Testing Theories topics for more information.
Code Proximity Functions

When filtering codes or cases by criteria, or testing theories, one of your options is to have HyperRESEARCH look for code references based on their relationship to other code references. You do this by including a function in your filtering criteria or expression. The code proximity functions currently available are Equals, Excludes, FollowedBy, Includes, Overlaps, and PrecededBy. (For more information about using functions when filtering cases and codes, see Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References. For more information about using functions in the Theory Builder, see Testing Theories. For an introduction to the code proximity functions as used in an example study, see Advanced Code and Retrieve Features.) Each function compares the positions of each code reference of one code against the positions of each code references of a second code. (A code references position is the location of the coded section in the source file.) Tutorial 6:
The proximity functions

A code proximity function is defined in the following manner: Function(Code 1, Code 2)
The Equals function looks for code references for the two codes that exactly match each other. (Code references include the source type, source file name, and position of the coded material within the source file. All these must match for the code references to be considered equal.) The Excludes function looks for code references for Code 1 that do not overlap any code references for Code 2 in any waywith not even one character (for text sources), pixel (images), or frame (video) in common. Page 67
The FollowedBy function looks for code references where the beginning of Code 2 comes after the end of Code 1: For text sources, there must be at least one character between the end of Code 1 and the start of Code 2. For image sources, the rectangle for Code 2 must be either below or to the right of the rectangle for Code 1. For audio or video sources, Code 2 must start at least one second after the end of Code 1. The Includes function looks for code references where Code 1 completely encompasses the material coded with Code 2. The source material for the Code 2 reference must be entirely contained within the source material for the Code 1 reference. (The Includes function will also look for exact matches, as with the Equals function.) The Overlaps function looks for code references for Code 1 that overlap or intersect the code references for Code 2 in any way. The shared source material may be as little as a single character, a single pixel on an image, or a single fraction of a second of audio or video. If any portion of the source material has been coded with both Code 1 and Code 1, the Overlaps function will select those code references. The PrecededBy function looks for code references where the end of Code 1 comes before the start of Code 2. Note: Except for the Excludes function, when filtering code references by criteria, HyperRESEARCH will look for all references for both codes (whichever codes are specified as Code 1 and Code 2) that match the specified function.
Filtering cases by criteria

When filtering cases by criteria, any cases for which one or more Code 1 references and one or more Code 2 references match the specified function will be selected. A single match in a case is enough to filter that case. For example, if you filter cases based on the Exclude function, the case will be filtered even if theres only one Code 1 reference that does not overlap any instance of Code 2 in any way. To filter cases where all references to Code 1 exclude any reference to Code 2, you would have HyperRESEARCH test for NOT Overlaps(Code 1, Code 2) (in other words, cases where there are no overlapping code references between Code 1 and Code 2). To filter cases where every reference Code 1 overlaps at least one reference to Code 2, you should have HyperRESEARCH test for NOT Excludes (Code 1,Code 2) (in other words, cases where there are no Code 1 references that dont overlap Code 2).
Adding new code proximity functions

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HyperRESEARCH: Analysis Researchware releases additional code proximity functions from time to time, which you can download and add to your copy of HyperRESEARCH. The Add button on the Program panel in the Options/Preferences dialog box allows you to add code proximity functions to the standard set provided with HyperRESEARCH (Equals, Excludes, FollowedBy, Includes, Overlaps, and PrecededBy). For more information, see the Programs section in the Options/Preferences Window topic.
Boolean Logic
HyperRESEARCH uses Boolean logic and terms to define filtering criteria for codes and cases, and to construct rules for testing theories with the Theory Builder. (For more information about the Theory Builder, see Testing Theories. For information about filtering criteria, see Expressions and Filtering Criteria.) You probably remember Boolean logic from high school algebra, but heres a quick refresher course.
Operators
Boolean logic shows the relationships of two or more terms to one another. HyperRESEARCH uses three Boolean operatorsAND, OR, and NOTto show the relationships between two or more codes or proximity functions. Lets see what effect each of these three operators has on two codes it joins. AND: The operator AND links two codes in exactly the same way as the conjunction and does in an English sentence. For example, if someone said to you, buy butter AND milk at the store, you would buy both items. In a similar fashion, the Boolean operator AND indicates that both codes must be present in order for the expression to be true. OR: The operator OR links two codes in exactly the same way as the conjunction or does in an English sentence. For example, if someone said to you, buy butter OR milk at the store, you would buy one of the two items, but not necessarily both. In a similar fashion, the Boolean operator OR indicates that one or both codes must be present in order for the expression to be found true. NOT: The operator NOT indicates that HyperRESEARCH should look for the absence of the following code. It works in much the same way as the conjunction not does in an English sentence. For example, if someone said to you, buy butter NOT milk at the store, you wouldnt buy milk. In a similar fashion, the Boolean operator NOT indicates that a code must be absent in order for the expression to be true. HyperRESEARCH still requires the operators AND or OR with NOT.
Order of precedence
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HyperRESEARCH: Analysis When HyperRESEARCH encounters a rule with more than one Boolean operator, (e.g. "thisThing AND thatThing OR theOtherThing"), operators with the highest precedence are evaluated before those with lower precedence. When there are two operators of the same precedence (such as two "AND"s), rules are evaluated from left to right. HyperRESEARCH operators have this order of precedence: 1. NOT 2. AND 3. OR For example, lets look at how HyperRESEARCH evaluates this rule: true AND true OR false First it evaluates the AND to arrive at: true OR false which evaluates to true. For complex rules, you can override HyperRESEARCHs order of precedence by placing parentheses around expressions as described below.
Parenthetical expressions
Things are pretty simple when youre just dealing with two codes at a time. But when an expression attempts to define a relationship between several codes and/or code proximity functions, it may be ambiguous. Just as punctuation helps us keep complicated English sentences from being ambiguous, so parenthetical expressions help us keep HyperRESEARCH expressions from being ambiguous. For example, if someone said to you: buy butter and milk or eggs at the store you might not understand immediately what that person meant. The or between the milk and eggs makes the meaning somewhat ambiguous. Do they mean that the eggs and milk are interchangeable, that they dont mind which you buy as long as you buy butter and one of the other two? Or do they want eggs if you cant get both butter and milk? This same type of problem can crop up quite easily in a HyperRESEARCH expression. You may remember using parentheses to group expressions in high school algebra HyperRESEARCH also uses parentheses to eliminate these types of ambiguities in expressions or selection criteria. To continue with the shopping example, if the shopping list were expressed as: buy butter and (milk or eggs) at the store you would understand immediately that you should pick up butter and at least one of the other two items. And if the shopping list were expressed as: buy (butter and milk) or eggs at the store you would know that you should pick up both the first two items if possible, but the third item is optional. Page 70
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis you would know that you should pick up both the first two items if possible, but the third item is optional. HyperRESEARCH expressions work just the same way. As an example, an expression: (code1 OR code2 OR code3) and code4 would be found true if code4 and any of the three codes in parentheses occurred in the same case (index card). If you dont include parentheses in a Boolean expression, HyperRESEARCH interprets your statement according to the order of precedence described in the previous section and the result may not be what you expect or want. When HyperRESEARCH encounters a Boolean expression without parentheses, it performs all the AND statements first, then performs all the OR statements. For instance, if you create the Boolean expression code1 OR code2 OR code3 AND code4 leaving off all the parentheses, HyperRESEARCH deals with the last two statements, code3 AND code4, first, then goes back and tries to figure out what to do with all the OR statements. It interprets it as though you had parenthesized the expression like this: code1 OR code2 OR (code3 AND code4) See the Expressions and Filtering Criteria and Testing Theories topics for more information.
Mapping Code Relations

A code map is a visual representation of your codes and possible relations between them. You can use the Code Map window to display codes according to your own hierarchy, or to simply group codes visually according to theme. Any code maps you create in a study file are saved inside that study file, so you can continue to re-use and enhance your code maps. To open the Code Map window, choose Codes Code Map.
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When the Code Map window opens, it displays a blank canvas where you will create your code map. The controls at top and bottom let you create items on the map, switch between code maps, mark certain codes for special attention, and more. (For more information about the controls in this window, see the Code Map Window topic.) There are four tools available at the top of the window: Select, Add, Link, and Mark. Click any of the tools to work with that tool.
Creating a code map

The first step in creating a code map is to add some codes. To add a code, choose the Add tool at the top of the window, then click in the code map where you want the code to appear. Choose the code you want to use from the list, then click Select. The code you chose appears in the Code Map window.
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You can continue adding codes like this, one by one, or add several codes at once. To add several codes at once, click each one in the dialog box while holding down the Control key (Windows) or Command key (Mac). If you select multiple codes, a box is added for each code. Adjusting the code map: Once you have added some codes to the code map, youll probably want to move them around to show their relationships. For example, you might put more important codes at the top or left edge of the code map. Or you might cluster groups of related codes together.
To move a code, choose the Select tool, then click the code and drag it to its new position. Codes can be moved anywhere in the Code Map window. You can overlap codes, if you wish. When you click a code with the Select tool, small handles appear at the edges and corners of the code. You can drag these boxes to change the size of the code. For example, you might make more important or central codes larger and more prominent. Linking related codes: In addition to showing code relationships through proximity, you can visually link two codes together to indicate that they are related. Page 73
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis In addition to showing code relationships through proximity, you can visually link two codes together to indicate that they are related.
To link two codes, click the Link tool, then click the first code to link. A line extends from the code to the mouse pointer. When you click a second code, a link is established between the two codes.
To link several codes at once to the same code, use the Select tool to select several codes. (To select multiple codes, Shift-click each one.) Then click the Link tool. A set of lines extends from each selected code to the mouse pointer. Click the code that you want to link the selected codes to.
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When you move a linked code, the links move with the code. (You may find that you need to reposition some codes, so that the links are easier to see.) Deleting codes: If you change your mind and decide to remove a code from the code map, click the code with the Select tool, then choose Edit Delete (or press the Delete key). The code is removed from the code map. Any links to that code are also removed.
Selecting codes with the code map

One of the most powerful ways to use a code map is to use it to select a subset of codes to work with. (For more information about selecting subsets of codes, see the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic.) Start by marking the codes you want to work with.
To mark a code, click the Mark tool. Then click each code you want to select. Marked codes are highlighted in a bright yellow color so theyre easy to see.
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To unmark a code, just click it again with the Mark tool. Once you have marked the codes you want, click and hold down the mouse on the Mark tool to display the Mark menu. Then choose Apply Marked Set to Study Window from the Mark menu. (This action is equivalent to choosing Codes Filter Codes By Map.) The code references that correspond to the marked codes are displayed in the study window, and all other code references are temporarily hidden.
Enhancing the code map

You can enhance the usefulness of your code map by adding text memos and pictures, and by changing various settings. You can also create multiple code maps for a single study, and switch between them. To create a new code map, click the + button at the top of the Code Map window. You can switch between code maps by choosing a code maps name from the menu at the upper left of the Code Map window. By default, code maps are named Code Map 1, Code Map 2, and so forth. To give the current code map a more descriptive name, choose Rename Current Code Map from the Action menu at the upper right of the Code Map window. (The Action menu is marked with a gear symbol .) To add a memo, choose New Memo from the Action menu, then enter the text contents of the memo. You can use memos to label certain areas of the map or to insert a comment. Page 76
HyperRESEARCH: Analysis To add a memo, choose New Memo from the Action menu, then enter the text contents of the memo. You can use memos to label certain areas of the map or to insert a comment. To add a picture, choose Place Image from the Action menu, then choose the image file you want to display. You can choose any file on your disk thats in PNG, JPEG, GIF, or BMP format. The file is only displayed, not imported, so if you move, rename, or delete the picture file, it will disappear from the code map. Tip: To change the image to display another file, double-click it and select the picture file you want to use.
Saving the code map

The code maps you create are saved in the study file. When you choose File Save to save your study file, the code maps you've created are saved as part of that file, and will be available the next time you re-open that study file and choose Codes Map. Code
Testing Theories
The HyperRESEARCH Theory Builder, like the Report Builder window, supplies a set of tools that allow you to examine and work with your codes in ways not practical with the basic code generation and manipulation tools available at the study window. Specifically, the Theory Builder can help determine whether or not the data supports any assumptions and inferences you may have concerning your study.
For an introduction to the Theory Builder as used in an example study, see 7: The Theory Builder.
Tutorial
Before working with the Theory Builder, you must develop a theory about your data. Once you have formulated a theory, you must express it in terms HyperRESEARCH can understand. You can then work out the best way to define each point in terms of codes.
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Each point in a HyperRESEARCH theory consists of two parts; one or more antecedents (IF statements, assumptions to check for) and one or more consequents (THEN statements, actions to take if the IF statement is true). Both antecedents and consequents can be expressed in terms of codes and code functions. Any point you test with the HyperRESEARCH Theory Builder is called a Rule. A Rule has two parts: codes that define your assumptions (the antecedents), and what you infer from those assumptions (the actions, or consequents, that result). HyperRESEARCH treats this combination of antecedents and consequents as a Rule, and checks a Rules validity against the available data (coded source materials) whenever you test the theory. If a Rules antecedents prove true, HyperRESEARCH can then use that Rules consequents, or actions, to support further Rules. It does this by temporarily adding or removing specified codes from the case being tested. A code added as a result of a Rules consequents is a Theme, and may be added permanently to the cases index card if you so choose. Such Themes are based on the presence or absence of given codes rather than any statements inherent in the source material. For more information about building expressions in the Theory Builder window, see Expressions and Filtering Criteria.
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HyperRESEARCH: Reporting
Reporting: Producing Summaries of Your Findings

In the reporting phase, after concluding your analysis, you will summarize your findings and export the data for final use. For example, you can export a report to be used in a spreadsheet or quantitative analysis program, or for inclusion in a word-processing document. Like analysis, the reporting phase can be interleaved with other phases. You can code part of your material and then create reports to get an overview of your progress, or go back and forth between analysis and reporting to create interim result summaries. Generating Reports: Creating summaries of your findings to save, print, or display on screen. Analyzing Code Frequencies: Statistical processing of how often codes are used, and where. Printing: Printing reports, source files, summaries, and other information, and setting up details such as headers and footers. Exporting Study Data: Moving data such as code lists, code matrixes, and report settings in and out of your study.
Also see:
Analyzing Code Frequencies in Analysis Filtering Cases in Analysis Filtering and Sorting Code References in Analysis Report Builder in HyperRESEARCH Reference Frequency Report Window in HyperRESEARCH Reference Tutorial 4: Analyzing Codes and Reporting
Generating Reports
When you choose Reports New Report, HyperRESEARCH displays the Report Builder window. Here you can specify the report settings. (For more information about the Report Builder window, see the Report Builder topic.)
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Your report will include information only on the codes and cases currently filtered (visible) in the study. Before generating a report, make sure you have filtered the cases and codes you want. See the Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References topics for more information.
Specifying source file types

These checkboxes let you specify which type of source files you wish to include in the report. The default is to use text source files only. If you wish the report to include information on images, movies, or themes, click in the appropriate checkbox. Note that reports involving non-text source types will include the appropriate code references for those source file types, but cannot display images or movies within the report itself.
Specifying code reference elements

Click in the checkboxes for each piece of information you wish included in the report. If you select the Hyperlinks option, the following information will also be automatically included: Case Name; Code Name; Code Type; Code Reference; Source Name. This information is necessary to provide hyperlinks to non-text source material. Note that hyperlinks are really only useful when displaying a report to the screen. When using hyperlinks, you may click on a code reference in the displayed report to open the underlying source material. You may then view (or play) it in context. (Note that a code reference/source file hyperlink is not highlighted in any way; simply look for the lines that include the case name, code name, code type, source file type, reference, and Page 80 source file name. Click anywhere on one of these lines to open the corresponding source file. If you are printing or exporting the report, you do not need Hyperlinks checked.
If you select the Hyperlinks option, the following information will also be automatically included: Case Name; Code Name; Code Type; Code Reference; Source Name. This information is necessary to provide hyperlinks to non-text source material. Note that hyperlinks are really only useful when displaying a report to the screen. When using HyperRESEARCH: Reporting hyperlinks, you may click on a code reference in the displayed report to open the underlying source material. You may then view (or play) it in context. (Note that a code reference/source file hyperlink is not highlighted in any way; simply look for the lines that include the case name, code name, code type, source file type, reference, and source file name. Click anywhere on one of these lines to open the corresponding source file. If you are printing or exporting the report, you do not need Hyperlinks checked. Check Code Frequency if you wish HyperRESEARCH to provide a numeric count of references to each reported code name for each reported case. Check Source Material to include the underlying source material with each reported code reference (TEXT source file types only). Check Annotations to include any annotations assigned to each reported code reference. Check List of All Cases to include a list of all the cases in your current study. Check List of Filtered Cases to include a list of those cases currently filtered in your study. (See the Filtering Cases topic for more information.) Note that the list of filtered cases will match your case list if you currently have all cases filtered. Check Case Filtering Criteria to include an explanation of the current case filter criteria (All Cases, or By Name, or By Criteria, etc.). This information is especially useful if you currently have anything but All Cases filtered in your study. Check List of All Codes to include a list of all the codes in your current study. Check List of Filtered Codes to include a list of those codes currently filtered in your study. (See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information.) Note that the list of filtered codes will match your Code Book if you currently have all codes filtered. Check Code Filtering Criteria to include an explanation of the current code filtering criteria (All Codes, or By Name, or By Criteria, etc.). This information is especially useful if you currently have anything but All Codes filtered in your study. Check the List of All Sources box if you wish to see a list of all the source files tracked by HyperRESEARCH in your current study. You may also choose to sort the report by case name (each page of the report will contain the information for one case, sorted alphabetically by case name) or by code name (each page of the report will contain the information for one code, sorted alphabetically by code name). Once youve set the parameters, you may click Display to show the report, click Export Text to save the report data in a text file (which you may then edit in a word processor, or even use as an additional source file within HyperRESEARCH), or click Cancel to abandon the report.
Saving report settings

You may also save the report settings by choosing Reports Save Report Settings As. This will save all the information pertaining to the report settings, including your current filtered cases and codes. You may recall this information by choosing Reports 81 Page Open Report Settings and selecting the saved report file.
HyperRESEARCH: Reporting You may also save the report settings by choosing Reports Save Report Settings As. This will save all the information pertaining to the report settings, including your current filtered cases and codes. You may recall this information by choosing Reports Open Report Settings and selecting the saved report file. Note: Saving the settings file with Reports Save Report Settings As does not save the report data, only the settings. If you make changes to the study file, then open the settings file with Reports Open Report Settings and create a report, the new report will include the additional data you added to the study file. If you want to use the report settings to create a report in a different study, or if you may rename or delete codes or cases from the current study, then you should exclude the list of filtered cases and codes from the report settings file. (Otherwise, when you load the report settings in a different study or one with different cases and codes, HyperRESEARCH will not be able to find the saved case and code names from the original study.) To make sure the lists are not included, choose Edit Options (Windows) or HyperRESEARCH Preferences (Mac OS X), then click the Reports tab and uncheck the When Saving Report Settings box. This allows any report settings you save to be used in any study. (For more information about this option, see the Options/Preferences Window topic.)
Analyzing Code Frequencies

Checking the frequencies with which youve used your codes can help in analyzing both your data and the progress of your coding tasks. HyperRESEARCH also performs statistical analysis of the frequency with which codes are used across the cases in your study, allowing you to see which codes are broadly used and which are concentrated in certain cases. For additional information about the controls in the Frequency Report Settings window, see the Frequency Report Window topic.
Creating a frequency report

To create a report of the code frequencies in your study, choose Reports Report. Frequency
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In the Frequency Report Settings window, you can select which cross-case statistical analysis options to include in the frequency report. You can also choose to display a bar graph that shows graphically how often each code has been used.
The frequency report shows all the codes in the Code Book, along with the total number of times each code has been used in your study. (If you chose the Only Filtered Codes and Cases option, only the filtered codes are shown, and only the filtered cases are taken into account when counting how often they were used. For more about code and case filtering, see the topics Filtering and Sorting Code References and Filtering Cases.) Page 83
The frequency report shows all the codes in the Code Book, along with the total number of times each codeReporting used in your study. (If you chose the Only Filtered Codes HyperRESEARCH: has been and Cases option, only the filtered codes are shown, and only the filtered cases are taken into account when counting how often they were used. For more about code and case filtering, see the topics Filtering and Sorting Code References and Filtering Cases.)
Statistical analysis of code usage across cases

The frequency report lists all the codes in the Code Book, along with the total number of times each code has been used in your study. You can also optionally include statistical information about how the code is distributed across cases. These statistics are based on how often the code appears in each case in your study: the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation of the codes frequency of use. Each option is displayed in a column of the frequency report. You can use all, none, or any combination of options. (If a box is not checked, that column is not included when the frequency report is displayed.) You can click the header of any of these columns to sort by that column, so, for example, you can sort the list of codes by the minimum number of times each code is used. Minimum: The smallest number of times this code has been used in any of your cases. If there are any cases in your study where the code is not used at all, the minimum is zero. Maximum: The largest number of times this code has been used in any of your cases. Mean: The average number (arithmetic mean) of the codes use across all cases in your study. Standard Deviation: The standard deviation of the distribution of this code across the cases in your study. The larger the standard deviation, the more variation there is in use of the code. For example, if a code is used the same number of times in each case, the standard deviation of its frequency is zero.
Code frequency bar graph

If you check the Bar Graph box in the Frequency Report Settings window, a graphical representation of the Total column is included in the frequency report. Each row includes a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to the total number of times the code has been used in your study: the longer the bar, the more often the code is used. This is the same information as in the Total column, presented in visual format to make it easier to scan.
Printing or exporting a frequency report

Once youve created the frequency report, you can print it or export it as a text file. To print the report, click Print.
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To export the report, click Export and choose a name and location for the exported file. The file is exported in text tab-delimited format, and can be opened in any word processor or text editor, or in a spreadsheet program. (When you export a frequency report, the bar graph is not included, but all other columns displayed are included.)
Printing
HyperRESEARCH can print most of the information you see on the screen. When you choose File Print, the frontmost window is printed. You can print the study window, source window, a report, a frequency report, or the code list.
Setting up the page size

Choose File Page Setup to specify paper size and orientation (and, if you like, any reductions or enlargements to be done on the data before printing).
Setting up the layout

Choose File Page Layout to set margins and specify any headers or footers you wish added to the printed page.
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Use the Page Margins boxes to set the top, bottom, left, and right margins for your output. Use the From Edge fields to specify how far down from the top edge the header will be placed, and how far up from the bottom edge the footer will be placed. Use the Page Setup button to display the Page Setup dialog box, where you can specify paper size, orientation, and other options supported by your printer. This is equivalent to choosing File Page Setup.
Headers and footers

If you want to include a header and/or footer, check the appropriate boxes. Click Font Settings to set the appearance of the text for the header and footer. The header and footer sections each have three text boxes. Any information you put in these boxes will be printed at the left edge, center, and right edge respectively. You may also use the Insert Special menu to include special information, including dates and page numbers, in your header or footer. Place the blinking text cursor where you wish the special information to be inserted: Short Date (1/1/99) Abbreviated Date (Fri, Jan 1, 1999) Long Date (Friday, January 1, 1999) Short Time (9:23 AM) Long Time (9:23:05 AM) Study Name (QDA Study) Page Number () (The symbol will be replaced by a 1 when printing page 1, 2 when printing page 2, and so on.) HyperRESEARCH will print a complete header or footerincluding any information in the left, centered, and right fieldson one line. This may result in overprinting if any of the three boxes contains more characters than will fit across the page. Check your headers and footers in Print Preview before choosing File Print.
Once youve set up the page margins and the header and footer information to your satisfaction, click OK to accept the settings. Click Cancel if you decide not to keep any changes youve made to the page layout. The information you enter into the Page Layout window will be retained for future print jobs. You should check the Page Layout settings each time you print to make sure the proper margins, headers, and footers are set up. If you do not want headers or footers included, uncheck the appropriate boxes. You can leave the header or footer information in the appropriate fields if you wish, to be reactivated by checking the appropriate box.
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Selecting what to print

The Print command prints the contents of the frontmost (active) window. Some windows, such as dialog boxes, cant be printed. If you have a window open, but the Print command in the File menu is grayed out, youre using a window that cant be printed. What actually gets sent to the printer depends on which window youre printing: If you choose Print with the study window active, HyperRESEARCH will print the information for all filtered cases. Printing the Code Book active prints the list of all codes. Printing a source window will print all the text in that source file. (Make sure the Codes in Context option is activated if you want the codes assigned to text included in the margin of the printed source file.) Printing the Annotation window prints the currently displayed annotation. Printing the Display Results window prints the report or theory results displayed in the window. Printing the Code Map window prints the contents of the code map.
Previewing the printout

The Print Preview command lets you see a preview of the first page of the print job HyperRESEARCH will send to the printer if you choose to print. The white space in the scrollable Print Preview window represents the paper size and orientation, as specified in the Page Setup dialog box.
Exporting Study Data

There are many ways to use the study data generated by HyperRESEARCH. You can exchange study files with other researchers, export raw or processed data in various forms (such as reports and theory test results), and store settings for later use or for re-use in other studies.
Exchanging study files

Your study file contains all your cases, your codes, and information about the coding youve done in source files. (However, it does not contain the source material itselfonly the names and locations of the source files.) You can send a copy of your study file to a colleague for analysis. If the colleague needs to work with the source material at allfor example, to do further coding, to create a report that includes source material, or to examine the coded source filesyour colleague will also need copies of your source files. Page 87
For more detailed information about the process of exchanging sources and study files, see Working Collaboratively. Merging studies: When more than one researcher is coding a study, you can use the Import Studies feature to merge these partially-coded studies into a single study file that includes all the coding that has been done by each person. (As with exchanging files, you can merge study files from either platform in any combination.) To start the process, open the study file that will be the master file containing all coding. (This can be either an existing study file that already includes coded data, or a new, empty study file.) Then choose File study file or files that you want to merge. Import Other Studies and select the
Exporting coded data

In addition to sharing the full study file, you can export your data in a variety of forms as plain text files. These files can be read by programs such as word processors, text editors, and spreadsheets, and therefore can be shared with colleagues who do not have HyperRESEARCH. You can also incorporate exported files into presentations, papers, and other documents. Such data can be formatted, printed, or saved as part of another, larger document. Reports: The results of a report can be saved as a text file. To export the results from a report, open the Report Builder window and set up your report settings, then choose Reports Export Report Results, or click the Export Text button in the Report Builder window. (For more about reports, see Generating Reports.) If you like, you can click Display to prevew the report, then export it when youre satisfied. (The exported report does not include hyperlinks, but does include all the text you see in the Display Results window.) An exported report is in tab-delimited formatthat is, the columns are separated by tab characters. If you open this report in a spreadsheet program, each column of the report is placed in a different spreadsheet column, and each line is placed in a spreadsheet row. Frequency reports: To export a frequency report, create the frequency report, then click the Export Text button in the Frequency Report Display window. All displayed columns (except the bar graph) are exported to the text file, and can be opened and formatted in a spreadsheet or word processing program. Coded source text: You can export a text file consisting of each code reference, along with the source text that belongs to that code reference. To do this, youll sort the code references and then create a specialized report:
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Choose Codes
Sort.
In the Sort Codes window, click the Code Source button, then click Code Reference, and finally click Sort. The code references are now sorted by the name of the source file, and within each source file, by the position of the source material.
3 4
Choose Reports
New Report.
In the Report Builder window, check the Code Name, Code Reference, and Source Material boxes. (You can also check additional boxes if you want to include additional information in the report.)
5 Click Export Text to export the report to a text file. The report includes all the material youve coded, along with the code name and the location in the file for each one.
Theory Builder results: The results of a Theory Builder test can be saved as a text file. To export the result of a theory, open the Theory Builder and set up your theory, then choose Theory Export Theory Results, or click the Export button in the Theory Builder window. The exported file contains the same data as what you see if you click Display in the Theory Builder window, so you can use the Display function as a preview, then export the data when youre ready. For more information about creating and testing theories, see the Testing Theories topic. Code matrix: The File Export Data command exports a code matrix, which can be used with spreadsheet software. This matrix includes a row for each case in your study, and a column for each code. (The first row contains the names of all the codes, and the first column contains the case names.) Your matrix might look like this when you open it in a spreadsheet program: Page 89
The File Export Data command exports a code matrix, which can be used with HyperRESEARCH: Reporting spreadsheet software. This matrix includes a row for each case in your study, and a column for each code. (The first row contains the names of all the codes, and the first column contains the case names.) Your matrix might look like this when you open it in a spreadsheet program:
Each cell of the grid contains information about the use of that columns code in that rows case. In the example above, the highlighted cell shows that the code combine was used 6 times in the case named Joe L. To export a matrix of your code data, first choose File HyperRESEARCH displays the Export Data window. Export Data.
First, youll define the format of the exported file.
In the Export Options panel, make sure the Delimited File option is chosen.
2 If you want to export a frequency count, as in the example above, choose the Frequency Count option. If you only want to export whether each code was used at all in a given case, choose the Boolean Only option. (In this case, each cell of the grid contains 1 or 0 (zero), depending on whether the code was used in that case or not.) Page 90
HyperRESEARCH: Reporting 2 If you want to export a frequency count, as in the example above, choose the Frequency Count option. If you only want to export whether each code was used at all in a given case, choose the Boolean Only option. (In this case, each cell of the grid contains 1 or 0 (zero), depending on whether the code was used in that case or not.)
3 Choose which character to use as the delimiter between columns: Comma or Tab. If youre not sure which to use, try Tab. If your spreadsheet or database software cannot import tab-delimited files, export using the Comma option instead.
Next, youll rearrange the order of codes. This step is optional, but it can be useful if you want to export only certain codes, or if you want the columns to be in some order other than alphabetical order. You rearrange codes in the Code Order tab.
Click the Code Order tab.
The list of codes is shown in the order that the codes will be exported. For each code that you want to move, click the code to select it, then click Move Up or Move Down until the code is in the desired position. Repeat this step for each code until the entire list is in the desired order. Finally, youll export your file:
Click Export and specify a name and location for the exported file.
Your file is now ready to open in a spreadsheet or database program. Tip: To see the total code frequencies for your study from within HyperRESEARCH, choose Reports Frequency Report. Page 91
HyperRESEARCH: Reporting Tip: To see the total code frequencies for your study from within HyperRESEARCH, choose Reports Frequency Report.
Data for StudentCHIP: The Export Data command can also be used to export a data set to use with StudentCHIP data analysis software. (For information about StudentCHIP, go to the SSDAN website at http://www.ssdan.net/chip/.) To export your data, first choose File Export Data.
Choose the CHIP Data File option, then enter a title for the data set. Click Export, and specify the name and location of the file. HyperRESEARCH exports the data in a format suitable for importing into StudentCHIP. To close the Export Matrix window without exporting a file, click Cancel.
Saving settings to use later

You can use a variety of settings to create reports, test theories, filter codes, and automatically code sources. Since you may want to use these settings at various times, and they can take asome time to set up, HyperRESEARCH lets you save settings in a file for later re-use. This way, for example, you can set up a report once, then save the settings and reload them at any time without repeating the process. Saving report settings: Once you have set up a report in the Report Builder, you can save the settings so you can generate the same report on your study (or on a different study) at a future date, without having to specify the settings again.
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To save a set of report settings, first choose Reports
New Report and set the
checkboxes and options the way you want them. Then choose Reports Save Report Settings As to create a file containing the report parameters. (The name of the file you save should end with the hrp extension.) Later, when you want to generate a report with the same settings, choose Reports Open Report Settings and locate the file you saved before. HyperRESEARCH opens the Report Builder and loads the saved settings into it, replacing whatever settings are already there. You can now click Display or Export Text to create a report. (Saving the settings file with Reports Save Report Settings As does not save the report data, only the settings. If you make changes to the study file, then open the settings file with Reports Open Report Settings and create a report, the new report will include the additional data you added to the study file.) For more information about creating reports and report settings files, see the Generating Reports topic. Saving theory rule sets: Once you have set up a list of rules in the Theory Builder, you can save the rule set to a file. With the Theory Builder window open, choose Theory Save Theory Settings As. The current theory rule set and case filters for your study will be saved to a file. You can retrieve the rule set by choosing Theory Open Saved Theory Settings. HyperRESEARCH opens the Theory Builder window and loads your saved rule set into it. You can either modify the saved rule set, or test the theory using the Display buitton. For more information about creating and testing theories, see the Testing Theories topic. Saving filtering criteria: When you have set up filtering criteria in the Code Filtering Criteria or Case Fitering Criteria dialog box, you can save them for later use by clicking the Save button. The filtering criteriafunctions, codes, and Boolean connectorsare saved to a file. You can retrieve the filtering criteria for later re-use by opening the Filtering Criteria dialog box again and clicking Load, then selecting the file you saved earlier. HyperRESEARCH places the filtering criteria into the dialog box, ready to re-use. Note: Since filtering criteria use codes, you will not be able to use the same criteria in different studies that use a different set of codes. For more information on filtering by criteria, see the Expressions and Filtering Criteria topic. Saving Autocode settings: Page 93
HyperRESEARCH: Reporting The Autocode feature searches for words or phrases in your source text and automatically applies codes of your choice to them. You can specify which cases and source files to search, what to search for, and which codes to apply. Once you have set up the Autocode window, you can save the settings to a file. At the bottom of the Autocode window, click the Save button. The settings youve specified in the Autocode window will be saved to a file.
To restore the Autocode settings, click Load and locate the file you saved previously. The Autocode settings are restored. For more information about the Autocode feature, see the Autocode Window topic. Exchanging code lists: To share a common set of codes among members of your research team or among different studies, first create the Code Book in your study file, then choose Export List from the Edit Code menu at the top of the Code Book window. This command exports the entire code list, along with the code descriptions, to a text file. To re-use the exported list in another study file, open the study file, then choose Import List from the Edit Code menu, and choose the file you previously exported. The codes from that file will be added to the current study file. In this way, you can keep a core set of codes and use them in all studies. You can also exchange code lists among researchers who are working on the same study, ensuring that everyone is working with the same code book. Page 94
HyperRESEARCH: Reporting In this way, you can keep a core set of codes and use them in all studies. You can also exchange code lists among researchers who are working on the same study, ensuring that everyone is working with the same code book. (For more information about creating codes, see the Creating and Organizing Codes topic.)
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference
HyperRESEARCH Reference
In this section, youll find information about HyperRESEARCHs menus, a list of keyboard shortcuts, and descriptions of each type of window you use in HyperRESEARCH. To find information about an item you see on the screen, look for it in the Windows section. To learn about what a menu item does, look in the Menus section. To find more efficient ways of working with HyperRESEARCH, read the Keyboard Shortcuts topic. To find out about exactly what file types you can use as source files, and about the types and extensions of files that HyperRESEARCH can save see the File Types topic.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Use these keyboard shortcuts to make your work easier and faster. Some of the shortcuts listed here are menu key equivalents, and some have no equivalent action in the menu bar. The menu key equivalents listed here are the ones you are most likely to use repeatedly while coding and working with your study.
General shortcuts
Windows Mac OS X Help F1 F1 Opens HyperRESEARCH Help. If contextual help is available for the currently active window, Help will open to that page. Cancel Esc Esc Triggers the Cancel button in any dialog box, closing the dialog without making changes.
Working with windows

Open Study Opens a study file. Windows Ctrl-O Mac OS X Cmd-O
Close Ctrl-W Closes the active window. Save Ctrl-S Cmd-S Saves the current Study file.
Cmd -W
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Code Book Ctrl-E Cmd-E Opens the Code Book. If it is already open, this command brings it to the front. Code map Crtl-\ Opens the Code Map window. Cmd-\
Editing
Windows Undo Ctrl-Z Undoes the last text editing action. Cut Ctrl-X Cuts the current selection. Copy Ctrl-C Copies the current selection. Paste Ctrl-V Pastes clipboard contents. Mac OS X Cmd-Z
Cmd-X
Cmd-C
Cmd-V
Select All Ctrl-A Cmd-A Selects everything selectable in the current window. Find Ctrl-F Cmd-F Performs a search (available in text source window and Code Map window). Find Again Ctrl-G Cmd-G Finds the next occurrence of a term previously searched for with the Find command.
Working with cases

Windows First Ctrl-1 Cmd-1 Goes to the first case in the Study window. Previous Ctrl-2 Goes to the previous case. Next Ctrl-3 Goes to the next case. Last Goes to the last case. Cmd-3 Mac OS X
Cmd 2
Ctrl-4
Cmd-4
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Select All Cases Ctrl-I Cmd-I Sets the current selection of cases to include all the cases in the study.
Study window
Next case Goes to the next case. Windows right arrow Mac OS X right arrow
Previous case left arrow Goes to the previous case.
left arrow
Coding
Windows Mac OS X Apply Code Ctrl-` Cmd-` Codes the current source selection to whatever code is selected in the Code Book. Annotate Ctrl-T Cmd-T Opens the Annotation window for the highlighted code reference in the study window. Select audio or video Shift-arrow Shift-arrow Selects a portion of the source, starting from the play heads current location. The left arrow selects the portion after the play head, and the right arrow selects the portion before the play head. If part of the source is already selected, pressing Shift-left arrow or Shift-right arrow extends the selection.
Audio or video source window

Available when an audio or video source window is frontmost Windows Mac OS X Play/Pause Space Space Begins playing the open audio or video source. If the source is already playing, pressing Space again pauses it. Select while playing Shift-Space Shift-Space Begins playing from the current location of the play head, selecting the played portion at the same time. When you release the Shift key, playing and selection stop. Move by frame Left arrow Left arrow Right arrow Right arrow Moves the play head forward (left arrow) or back (right arrow) one frame. Playing begins from the current position of the play head. Select by frame Shift-arrow Shift-arrow Page 98
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Selects the next or previous frame, starting from the play heads current location. The left arrow selects the next frame, and the right arrow selects the previous frame. If part of the source is already selected, pressing Shift-left arrow or Shift-right arrow extends the selection. Play and select Ctrl-Shift-arrow Cmd-Shift-arrow Begins playing (in forward or reverse) while selecting whats being played. The right arrow plays forward, and the left arrow plays reverse. When you release the keys, playing and selection stop. Set selection start Ctrl-[ Cmd-[ Moves the start of the selection to the current position of the play head. Set selection end Ctrl-] Cmd-] Moves the end of the selection to the current position of the play head. Tip: For more shortcuts using the buttons in the controller bar, see the Coding Audio or Video section of the Coding Source Material topic.
Report or Theory Result Display

Available when the Display Results window is open Windows Mac OS X Go to first page Ctrl-up arrow Cmd-up arrow Goes to the first page of the displayed report or theory result. Windows Mac OS X Go to previous page Ctrl-left arrow Cmd-left arrow Goes to the previous page of the displayed report or theory result. Windows Mac OS X Go to next page Ctrl-right arrow Cmd-right arrow Goes to the next page of the displayed report or theory result. Windows Mac OS X Go to last page Ctrl-down arrow Cmd-down arrow Goes to the last page of the displayed report or theory result.
HyperRESEARCH Menus
This section describes the basic functions of each menu item in the HyperRESEARCH menu bar: File menu: Open, save, export, print Edit menu: Cut and paste Cases menu: Create, delete, and navigate between cases Page 99
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Sources menu: Work with source files Codes menu: Add, delete, and manage codes Reports menu: Analyze and summarize your data Theory menu: Create and test models with the Theory Builder Window menu: Switch between open windows Help menu: Get help or check for updates
Menu-bar menus and contextual menus

A contextual menu is the menu that pops up when you Control-click [Mac] or right-click [Windows] an object on the screen. The contexual menu offers commands that are related to the object you clicked. For example, if you Control-click or right-click a code reference in the study window, youll see a menu that lets you cut, copy, or paste a code reference, annotate the code you clicked, or create a new code.
The commands in a contextual menu are always duplicates of a command thats in the main menu bar. A contextual menu is a handy shortcut, but the contextual menus dont include any extra commands. For this reason, the contexual menus are not separately documented in this section. To find out what a contextual menu command does, look for the same command in the menu bar.
Menu differences between platforms

The Mac OS X and Windows versions of HyperRESEARCH are functionally equivalent. Because Mac OS X and Windows use fundamentally different approaches to menus, HyperRESEARCH does not look exactly the same on both platforms. On Windows, the main menu bar for HyperRESEARCH is displayed in a floating window. On Mac OS X, it is displayed at the top of the screen. Windows:
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Mac OS X:
A few menu items are located in different menus depending on the platform, to conform with the standard conventions for that platform: The menu item About HyperRESEARCH is located in the Help menu on Windows, in the HyperRESEARCH menu on Mac OS X. The menu item named Preferences on the Mac is titled Options on Windows, and is located in the Edit menu on Windows and in the HyperRESEARCH menu on Mac OS X. The menu item named Exit on Windows (and located in the File menu) is named Quit HyperRESEARCH on Mac OS X (and located in the HyperRESEARCH menu).
File Menu
The File menu includes commands to work with your study files, export a code matrix, print, and quit the program. New Study Closes the current study and creates a new, untitled study. If you have a study open already and you have made changes since the last time you saved it, HyperRESEARCH asks whether to save your changes before opening a new study file. Click Save to save your work and open a new study. Click Don't Save to create a new study without saving your changes in the original study. Click Cancel to return to your original study without creating a new one. Open Study Opens an existing HyperRESEARCH study. If you are already working with one study when you choose File Open Study, HyperRESEARCH first asks whether to save the current study before opening another. Open Recent Displays a menu with the names of study files you have used recently. Choose the name of a file to open it.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Close Window Closes the topmost window currently displayed on the screen. If the study window is the active window, Close is not available, since a Study window must be open while HyperRESEARCH is running. To close the study window and exit HyperRESEARCH, choose File HyperRESEARCH (OS X). Save Saves the current study file. When saving a new study for the first time, HyperRESEARCH asks you to specify a name and location for the file, as though you had chosen File Save As. Exit (Windows) or HyperRESEARCH Quit
Save As Asks you for a name and location and saves the current study file in that location. You can use this command to save a copy of the current study in another file. This could be in another folder on the same drive, network drive, a floppy disk or other removable storage media. Revert to Saved Reverts to the most recently saved version of the current study file, discarding all unsaved changes. Import Other Studies Imports one or more study files, merging their coding into the study file that youre working with. For more information about importing studies, see the Importing Studies topic. Export Data Exports code reference data from the current study. You can export either a grid showing code frequency for each code and case, suitable for use in the spreadsheet program, or a data set to use with StudentCHIP data analysis software. See the Exporting Study Data topic for more information. For information about StudentCHIP, visit the SSDAN website at http://www.ssdan.net/chip/. Page Layout Opens the Page Layout window, where you can set up margins, headers, and footers. For more information, see the Printing topic. Page Setup Opens the Page Setup dialog box, which lets you specify paper size, orientation, scaling, and other options supported by your printer. Print Preview The Print Preview window displays a preview of the first page that will be sent to the printer if you choose to print the current window with the current settings. This lets you check the page appearance before printing. Page 102
Print Prints the contents of the currently active window. See the Printing topic for more information. Exit (Windows) Closes all windows and quits HyperRESEARCH. (On Mac OS X, this menu item is named Quit HyperRESEARCH and is located in the HyperRESEARCH menu.) If you have made changes to your study since last saving it, HyperRESEARCH asks you whether you want to save the study before quitting.
Edit Menu
The Edit menu performs certain functions on the current selection (codes, cases, text, etc.). Undo Reverses text editing operations such as typing, cutting, or pasting test in the Annotation window or the Descriptions pane of the Code Book window. Because not all features in HyperRESEARCH support Undo, it is advisable to save your study file before doing some action that will add or remove code references, or that will have global effects (such as Autocoding, copying and pasting codes between cases, deleting codes, and so on). You can then choose File Revert to Saved to return to the state of your study before you made the change, if youre not satisfied with the change or if you make a mistake. Cut Removes the currently selected material and places a copy on the clipboard. (You can move data from the clipboard by choosing Edit Paste.)
The wording of this command changes depending on what is selected. If one or more code references are highlighted in the study window, the command is Cut Code or Cut Codes, and cutting removes the selected code references. If the study window is active but no code references are selected, the command is Cut Case, and cutting removes the current case card. If editable text (such as text in the annotation window or the code description) is highlighted, the command is Cut. If whatever is currently selected cannot be cut, the Cut command is disabled. Tip: You can change whether code annotations and descriptions are included when cutting code references or codes in the Options window (Windows) or Preferences window (Mac). For more information, see the Options/Preferences Window topic. Copy Copies the currently selected material to the clipboard, without removing it from its current location.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference The wording of this command changes depending on what is selected. If one or more code references are highlighted in the study window, the command is Copy Code or Copy Codes. If the study window is active but no code references are selected, the command is Copy Case, and copying copies the current case card. If editable text (such as text in the annotation window or the code description) is highlighted, the command is Copy. If whatever is currently selected cannot be copied, the Copy command is disabled. Paste Pastes whatever is in the computers clipboard. Used in conjunction with the Copy command, Paste can paste copied cases into your study, or paste copied code references into the current case. If the active window cannot accept the kind of data in the clipboard, the Paste command is disabled. Tip: The clipboard holds only one set of information at a time, so make sure you Paste any cut or copied information before cutting or copying other information. Delete Removes the current selection. Unlike the Cut command, any data removed with Delete cannot be restored. If you need to paste the data elsewhere, use the Cut command instead. The Delete command only works with code references in the study window. You cannot delete a code from the Code Book with this command. To delete a code from all cases in your study, choose Delete Code from the Edit Code menu at the top of the Code Book. Select All Selects (highlights) the contents of the currently active window. If the study window is active, HyperRESEARCH highlights all the code references in the current case. If a source window is topmost, HyperRESEARCH selects all of the material in that window. Hide Highlighted Hides (unselects and removes from view) all selected code references in the current case. See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information. Hide Others Hides (unselects and removes from view) all code references in the current case other than those that are selected in the study window. See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information. Find Searches the current text source file for the specified character string, word, or phrase. The Find command is available only when a text source files window is in front. Tip: To search through all your source filesopen or notchoose Sources Text Sources. Search
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Tip: To search through all your source filesopen or notchoose Sources Text Sources. Search
Find Again Finds the next occurrence of the word or phrase last searched for using the Find command. Options/Preferences Displays the Options dialog box. (On Mac OS X, this menu item is called Preferences and is located in the HyperRESEARCH menu instead of the Edit menu.) In the Options/Preferences window, you can specify how you want HyperRESEARCH to operate. For more information, see the Options/Preferences Window topic.
Cases Menu
The Cases menu navigates through the cases in your study, and filters cases to work with. Go to Case Asks which case you want to go to, and displays that case in the study window. (If the case you wish to go to isnt listed, click Cancel and change the set of filtered cases by choosing Cases Filter Cases All Cases.)
New HyperRESEARCH asks you to name the new case, and then creates a new case in your study. The blank case is displayed in the study window. Rename Changes the name of the current case to the new name you specify. (A renamed case retains all its information and code references; only the name has been changed.) Delete Deletes (removes) the current case. (You must have at least one case in your study, so if your study file has only one case, you cannot delete it.) Caution: You cannot undo the Delete command. Once you delete a case, the only way to get it back is to revert to the last saved version, at the expense of any other work you may have done since you last saved the study file. Once you save the study with the case deleted, however, the only way to restore the case is to copy it from a backup version of your study, or create it from scratch. Delete Multiple Cases Displays a list of cases so you can select the ones you want to delete. To select more than one case in the list, first click the first case you want to delete, then Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows) each of the additional cases. (You must have at least one case in your study, so you cannot delete all the cases.) First Page 105
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Displays the first of the filtered cases in your study. Case order is determined alphabetically by case name. If the case you want isnt available, change the set of filtered cases by choosing Cases with, then choose Cases Filter Cases. Filter the cases you wish to work First again.
Previous Displays the case that comes before the current case. Case order is determined alphabetically by case name. If the case you want isnt available, change the set of filtered cases by choosing Cases with, then choose Cases Filter Cases. Filter the cases you wish to work Previous again.
Next Displays the case that comes after the current case. Case order is determined alphabetically by case name. If the case you want isnt available, change the set of filtered cases by choosing Cases with, then choose Cases Filter Cases. Filter the cases you wish to work Next again.
Last Displays the last of the filtered cases in your study. Case order is determined alphabetically by case name. If the case you want isnt available, change the set of filtered cases by choosing Cases with, then choose Cases Filter Cases. Filter the cases you wish to work Last again.
Filter Cases Lets you choose which cases to work with. Cases you specify are shown, and all other cases are hidden from view and wont be used in reports. (See the Filtering Cases topic for more information about the filter feature.) This menu includes six options: All Cases: Show all cases in the current study. By Name: Show cases you specify by name. By Criteria: Show cases by presence or absence of codes. Current Case Only: Hide all other cases.
Sources Menu
The Sources menu allows you to work with your source material files. Sources List Opens the Sources List window, where you can see the names and locations of all files used as sources in your study, add new sources, and open source files. (For more information about the Sources List window, see the Sources List topic.) Open Text File Selects and opens a plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE source file for you to code. For more information about text sources, see the Text Source Window topic. Open Image File Page 106
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Selects and opens an image source file (JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, or PICT) for you to code. For more information about image sources, see the Image Source Window topic. Open Movie or Audio File Selects and opens an audio or video source file for you to code. For more information about audio and video sources, see the Media Source Window topic. Remove Source Removes all references to the source file you specify, including its entry in the Sources List window and all code references assigned to the source material in the file Search Text Sources Opens the Search Sources dialog box, which searches all the source files used in your study for a word or phrase. Media Playback When coding a movie or audio file, sets the start and end of the selected portion to code. This menu includes two options: Set Selection Start: Sets the start of the selected portion to the current location of the play head. Set Selection End: Sets the start of the selected portion to the current location of the play head.
Codes Menu
The Codes menu allows you to work with the code references in your study window, and provides access to other code-related features. See the Coding Source Material topic for more information about reports. Code Book Opens the Code Book, where you can work directly with your list of codes: add, delete, or rename codes and code groups, enter code descriptions, export your code list to a separate file, or import a previously exported code list. (For more information about the Code Book, see the Code Book window topic.) Apply Code If you have a portion of material selected in one of the source windows, choosing Codes Apply Code opens the Code Book so you can apply a code to create a new code reference to that material. If the Code Book is already open, choosing Codes Apply Code will trigger the Code Books Apply button, creating the new code reference in one step. See the Coding Source Material topic for tips on efficient coding. Autocode Displays the Autocode window. The Autocode feature will search text source files for specified words or phrases and assign a specified code or codes to the found text. For more information about the Autocode feature, see the Autocode Window topic. Page 107
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Displays the Autocode window. The Autocode feature will search text source files for specified words or phrases and assign a specified code or codes to the found text. For more information about the Autocode feature, see the Autocode Window topic. Annotate Opens the Annotation window for the selected code reference. If no code reference is selected, this command is not available. For more information, see the Annotation Window topic. New Code Creates a new code in the Code Book. (Code names can include any combination of letters, numbers, underscores, periods, dashes, the letters , , , , , , , and , and the following punctuation marks: colon (:), back quote (`), quote ('), =, +, /, ~, &, !, ?, and %.) New Group Creates a new code group. You can use code groups to organize your codes. (For more information about code groups, see Organizing Codes.) Duplicate Duplicates the selected code references, adding the duplicate references to the current case with the code you specify. Selecting this command displays a dialog box where you choose the code you want to use for the duplicates. If you have selected multiple code references in the study window, the Duplicate command will duplicate all of them with the code you chose. To duplicate code references with the same code, either select the original code in the dialog box, or choose Edit Copy Code.
Rename Opens a dialog window in which you can change the code used for a code reference highlighted in the study window. If you have selected multiple code references in the study window, the Rename command will rename all of them. The Rename command affects only the selected code references in the current case. To rename a code in your Code Book, instead choose Rename from the Edit Codes menu at the top of the Code Book. Re-code Lets you reassign code references highlighted in the study window to another code. Selecting this item will open a dialog box containing a list of all codes. You can optionally create a new code in this dialog by clicking the New Code button. After selecting a code name from this list, click Select to confirm your choice and close the dialog. If you have selected multiple code references in the study window, the Re-code command will re-code all of them.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference The Re-code command affects only the selected code references in the current case.To reassign all the code references in your study to another code, instead choose Re-code from the Edit Codes menu at the top of the Code Book. Delete Removes the all highlighted code references in the current case. This completely removes the code from your case and cannot be undone. If you need to paste the code later, choose Edit Copy Code instead.
If you have selected multiple code references in the study window, the Delete command will delete all of them. The Delete command affects only the selected code references in the current case.To delete a code from your Code Book, instead choose Delete from the Edit Codes menu at the top of the Code Book window. Sort Opens the Sort Codes dialog box, where you can specify criteria by which to sort the codes.
You can sort by any combination of Code Name, Code Type (TEXT, IMAGE, MOVIE, THEME), Code Reference (the source materials position within its source file), and Code Source (the source file referenced). Click a button to add that criterion to the Codes Sorted By list on the right. If you make a mistake or wish to alter the sorting criteria, click Reset to remove the criteria and start over. Click Sort to use the sort criteria listed under Codes Sorted By, or Cancel to abort the sorting process. For more information about sorting code references, see Filtering and Sorting Code References. Code Map Opens the Code Map window, where you can create a visual diagram of your codes. You can use this to visually organize your codes, graphically illustrating links between codes, groupings of codes, and the like. You may also apply the maps current code filter to your study by choosing Codes Filter Codes By Map. Page 109
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Opens the Code Map window, where you can create a visual diagram of your codes. You can use this to visually organize your codes, graphically illustrating links between codes, groupings of codes, and the like. You may also apply the maps current code filter to your study by choosing Codes Filter Codes By Map.
See the Mapping Code Relations and Code Map Window topics for more information. Filter Codes Filters a subset of codes you wish to work with, temporarily hiding the other code references. (See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information about the filter feature.) This menu includes six options: All Codes: Show all code references. By Name: Show code references for only the codes you specify by name. By Criteria: Show codes based on proximity functions. (For more information, see Code Proximity Functions.) By Map: Show codes that are highlighted in the Code Map. By Type: Select only code references for Text, Image, Movie, or Theme. (The Theme code type is a special type, not referring to any specific source material. Theme codes may be added to the study by the Theory Builder. See the Including Codes of Type Theme topic for more information.) Unselect All: Hides all code references currently present in your study.
Reports Menu
The Reports menu has tools to help you analyze your data, creating reports with various information based on the parameters you specify in the Report Builder window. See the Generating Reports and Report Builder topics for more information about reports. Frequency Report Displays the Frequency Report window with the default frequency report settings. A frequency report shows the number of times each code has been used in your study, along with other statistics that you can specify in this window. (See the Analyzing Code Frequencies and Frequency Report Window topics for more information about frequency reports.) New Report Displays the Report Builder window with the default report settings. Use this dialog box to specify the elements to include in the report. Open Report Settings Opens a report settings file that was previously saved using the Reports Save Report Settings As command. This will restore all of the saved reports settings, including the parameters for code and case filters, source material type, report elements to include, sorting criteria, and the like. Save Report Settings As
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Saves the current report settings to a file you can later open using the Reports Open Report Settings command. HyperRESEARCH saves all of the reports settings, including all the parameters for code and case filters, source material type, report elements to include, sorting criteria, and the like. Display Report Results Creates a report based on the current settings in the Report Builder window, and displays it in a new window. Export Report Results Creates a report based on the current settings in the Report Builder window, and saves it in a text file. This file can be opened with any word processor or spreadsheet application for viewing.
Theory Menu
The Theory Menu allows you to work with the HyperRESEARCH Theory Builder, a unique tool for testing theories against your data using expert systems technology. For more information about using the Theory Builder, see the Theory Builder and Testing Theories topics. For an introduction to the Theory Builder as used in an example study, see Tutorial 7: The Theory Builder.
New Theory Displays the Theory Builder window. Open Theory Settings Opens a theory rule list that was previously saved using the Theory Save Theory Settings As command. This will restore a saved theorys settings, including the parameters for code and case filters, the theorys rule set, and the like. Save Theory Settings As Saves the current theory settings to a file you can later open using the Theory Open Theory Settings command. HyperRESEARCH saves all of the settings, including all the parameters for code and case filters, the theory's rule set, and whether or not any themes generated by the Theory Builder should be applied to the cases involved. Add New Rule Adds a new rule to the current rules et. When you choose Add New Rule, HyperRESEARCH will clear the IF and THEN sections in the Rule Editor and advance the rule counter to the new rule number. Clear Current Rule Clears the contents of the IF and THEN sectons in the Rule Editor, without advancing the Rule counter. You may then enter new expressions and actions in the IF and THEN sections. Page 111
Remove Current Rule Removes the current rule displayed in the Rule Editor, and renumbers subsequent rules. Display Theory Results Creates a report based on the current settings in the Theory Builder window, and displays it in a new window. Export Theory Results Creates a report based on the current settings in the Theory Builder window, and saves it in a text file. This file can be opened with any word processor or spreadsheet application for viewing.
Window Menu
This menu may contain additional menu items depending on the platform, to comply with standard guidelines for Mac and Windows. Bring All To Front Brings all windows belonging to HyperRESEARCH to the front. Default Layout 1 Adjusts the size and placement of the study window, Code Book, and source window. The study window is placed on the left side of the screen, the source window is placed on the right, and the Code Book window is expanded to the full height of the screen and placed in the middle. This layout is especially useful if you want to see the entire code list at a glance.
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Default Layout 2 Adjusts the size and placement of the study window, Code Book, and source window. The study window is placed on the left side of the screen, the Code Book window is placed below it, and the source window is placed on the right.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Adjusts the size and placement of the study window, Code Book, and source window. This layout is similar to Default Layout 2, but the source window is made larger and the additional columns in the study window are hidden. (For more information, see the Study Window topic.) This layout is especially useful if you want to devote as much space as possible to your source window.
Use the Default Layout commands to adjust the window placement and relative size for your convenience when performing different tasks. You can change the layout of windows at any time, or manually move and resize your windows. Tip: If you change your screen resolution while HyperRESEARCH is running, the Default Layout commands use the resolution that was set when HyperRESEARCH started, not the new resolution. To use a different resolution, quit HyperRESEARCH, change your screen resolution, then start HyperRESEARCH again. window names The Window menu includes a list of open HyperRESEARCH windows. Choosing a window name from this list will bring that window to the front.
Help menu
The Help menu includes commands to get help and information, register your copy of HyperRESEARCH, or get your registration information. Welcome to HyperRESEARCH Displays the Welcome window. (This window is also seen when you start up HyperRESEARCH.) The Welcome window includes clickable shortcuts to create a new study, open a study, quickly open a recently-used study, get help, give feedback, and Page 114 visit the HyperRESEARCH web site.
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Displays the Welcome window. (This window is also seen when you start up HyperRESEARCH.) The Welcome window includes clickable shortcuts to create a new study, open a study, quickly open a recently-used study, get help, give feedback, and visit the HyperRESEARCH web site. HyperRESEARCH Help Opens this Help window. (For more information about the built-in Help, see the Using Help and Getting Support topic.) Enter License Key Registers your copy of HyperRESEARCH. In the dialog box, enter your name, your organization (optional), and the license key you received when you purchased HyperRESEARCH. For more information, see the Licensing HyperRESEARCH section of the Installation and Requirements topic. If you have already registered this copy of HyperRESEARCH, this menu item turns into Help Show Registration Info.
Show Registration Info Displays the name, organization, and license key for this copy of HyperRESEARCH. (This menu item is not available if you are using the free Limited Edition, since the Limited Edition is not registered.) Support Page at Researchware.com Displays the Technical Support page at the Researchware web site in your browser. Use this command to get technical support, news, and updates, and to subscribe to the HyperRESEARCH mailing list. Send Feedback Opens an email message in your mail program, ready to send to Researchware. Check for Updates Checks the Researchware web site to find out whether a newer version of HyperRESEARCH is available.
HyperRESEARCH Windows
This section describes each of the windows used in HyperRESEARCH:
Preparation windows
Options/Preferences window: sets up automatic backup and program operation
Coding windows
Study window: lists the code references for the current case Code Book: displays and manages the codes Sources List: displays and manages your source files Source windows: display a source file for coding Text source window: text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE documents Page 115
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Image source window: pictures (such as GIF, PNG, etc.) Media source window: audio or video Search Sources window: finds text throughout your source files Annotation window: adds a note to a code reference Autocode window: searches source files and automatically adds codes to them Tip: The Study window, Code Book, and source window are placed from right to left by default. These are the three basic windows you use when coding.
Analysis windows
Code Map window: visually maps codes and relationships between them Theory Builder: creates and tests models based on a set of rules you enter Display Results window: shows a report or Theory Builder result
Reporting windows
Report Builder: creates a summary of your coded data Frequency Report window: shows the frequency of code use across cases Display Results window: shows a report or Theory Builder result
The Options/Preferences Window

(This window is called Options on Windows and Preferences on Mac OS X, in accordance with the standard conventions for each platform.) You use the Options/Preferences window to set up how you want HyperRESEARCH to behave. The options in this window control the overall behavior of the program, regardless of which study file youre using. You can also use this window to access an automatic backup of your study file, in case the file has been damaged or you need to recover from a mistake that affected your study data. To open the Options/Preferences window, choose Edit HyperRESEARCH Preferences (Mac OS X). Options (Windows) or
The Options/Preferences window includes four panes: Coding, Reports, Program, and Backups. To use a pane, click its tab at the top of the window.
Coding
The Coding pane affects the appearance and behavior of HyperRESEARCH when selecting source material and coding it.
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Code Book: When you have selected a section of source material, the next step is to choose a code. To display the Code Book immediately whenever you select source material, choose the On Selecting option. To display it when you press Return or Enter after selecting, choose the On Return or Enter option. (This option may be better if you often extend or change a selection after you first make it, because it lets you wait until your selection is final before displaying the Code Book.) Cutting and copying codes: When you select a code reference in the study window, you can place it on the clipboard by choosing Edit Cut Code or Edit Copy Code. To include any annotation youve entered for the code reference, check the Annotations box. (For more information about annotations, see the Annotation Window topic.) If the box is checked, when you paste the code reference, its annotation comes with it. If its unchecked, then the annotation in the pasted copy will be blank. When you select a code in the Code Book, you can cut or copy it. To include any description youve entered for that code, check the Descriptions box. (For more about code descriptions, see Adding Descriptions to Codes in the Code Book topic.) If the box is checked, when you paste the code, its description comes with it. If its unchecked, then the description for the pasted copy will be blank. Text highlighting: When you click a code in a source window with Codes in Context enabled, or when you click a code reference in the study window with View Source enabled, the coded text is highlighted so you can see exactly what was coded. (For more information, see the Text Source Window topic.) To change the color of this highlighting, click a color in the array of colors at the bottom left of the Coding panel. Page 117
When you click a code in a source window with Codes in Context enabled, or when you HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference click a code reference in the study window with View Source enabled, the coded text is highlighted so you can see exactly what was coded. (For more information, see the Text Source Window topic.) To change the color of this highlighting, click a color in the array of colors at the bottom left of the Coding panel.
Reports
The Reports pane changes the way the report feature works.
Saved report settings: A report operates on the cases and codes that are currently filtered in the study window. (For more information, see the Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References topics.) When you create a report, you can save the report settings in a file for later use: you can create a report with the same settings on your current study data by re-opening the settings file. Optionally, you can also save the set of filtered codes and cases, so that these are automatically re-selected when you use the settings file. To use this feature, check the When Saving Report Settings box. (The original cases and codes are re-filtered only if this box is checked both at the time the report settings are saved, and at the time the settings file is opened. If the settings file is saved with the cases and codes, but you later uncheck this option and open the settings file, the stored case and code information is ignored.) Code proximity functions: The Loaded Plug-In Functions section lists all the available proximity functions. These functions are used by the Theory Builder and when filtering cases and codes by criteria. (For more information about functions, see the Code Proximity Functions topic.)
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference To add a new function that youve downloaded from the Researchware web site, click the Add button. To delete a function, first select it in the list, then click the Remove button. Deleted functions can no longer be used. To use the default set of functions, removing any other functions and restoring default functions that youve removed, click the Reset button.
Program
The Program pane affects overall HyperRESEARCH settings.
Window layout: By default, when you start HyperRESEARCH, the study window is placed on the left side, the source window is on the right, and the Code Book window is in the middle. If Startup with Default Window Positions is checked, the windows automatically open in the same configuration you get when yoiu choose Window Default Layout 1.
If you want instead to use your own custom layout for these windows, uncheck the Startup with Default Window Positions box. If this option is not checked, the windows will be laid out in the same position they were in when you last saved your study file. Automatically saving: To automatically save your study periodically, check the Automatically Save box and specify how often you want your study file to be saved. This option provides additional security against data loss, but it also makes it more difficult to go back if you make a Page 119 mistake.
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference To automatically save your study periodically, check the Automatically Save box and specify how often you want your study file to be saved. This option provides additional security against data loss, but it also makes it more difficult to go back if you make a mistake. Backdrop: To display a blank backdrop behind HyperRESEARCH, check the Show Backdrop box. You can click any color in the array of colors at the bottom left to change the backdrop color. The backdrop hides any other windows on your desktop that belong to other applications, letting you concentrate fully on HyperRESEARCH.
Backups
The Backups pane makes a periodic automated backup, which is stored in your Preferences folder. This backup lets you recover from mistakes or problems by restoring an earlier version of your study file, even if you have already saved your mistaken changes.
To turn on automated backups, check the Auto-Backup box. A separate backup is saved each time you save your study file. You can specify how many versions you want to store by changing the number in the Saved Versions box. (A higher number means you can go back further, but takes more disk space.) To open a saved backup, first choose your study from the Saved Studies menu. A list of backups for that study file appears in the Backup Files list, in order by date. Click to select the version you want to go back to, then click the Save Backup As button. The file will be placed at the location you specify. You can then open the saved backup file and resume working with your study. Page 120
To open a saved backup, first choose your study from the Saved Studies menu. A list of backups for thatHyperRESEARCH Reference HyperRESEARCH: study file appears in the Backup Files list, in order by date. Click to select the version you want to go back to, then click the Save Backup As button. The file will be placed at the location you specify. You can then open the saved backup file and resume working with your study.
The Study Window

The study window displays the list of cases and the code references for each case in your study. One case and its code references are displayed at a time, and you can use the controls in the study window to navigate through your cases and code references. A study window corresponds to a HyperRESEARCH file that youve saved: when you double-click a saved HyperRESEARCH study file, the study window opens. To create a new study window, choose File New Study.
Study window layout

When you first start HyperRESEARCH and create a new untitled study, youll see a blank study window containing one untitled case. You can create any number of cases, each with a different name. As you code your source material, the code references for each case are listed in the study window:
At the top of the Study Window, you see the current studys title. (This title will be whatever you name your Study when you first save it.) This study is named QDA Study. It has six cases, and we are currently looking at the case named BERGER.
Case Filter section
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Below the study title, youll find information about the cases in the study. The Case Filter section tells you how many cases have been created in this study, and how many of these are currently filtered. Only one case is displayed at one time, but several or all can be filtered. You switch between the currently filtered cases by using the popup menu that shows the case name, by using the left and right arrows next to the popup menu, or by choosing from the items in the Cases menu. The Filter Cases menu filters the current set of active cases. You use this menu to filter specific cases, so that you can work with a subset of your study. You can display All Cases, filter cases By Name or By Criteria, or display the Current Case Only and hide all the others. Tip: Choosing an item from the Filter Cases menu does the same thing as choosing Cases Filter Cases in the menu bar.
See the Filtering Cases topic for more information.
Current case
Below the Case Filter section is information about the current case, including its name and its order among the currently filtered cases. The left and right arrows allow you to view the previous or next case among the current set of cases. (Cases are in alphabetical order by name.) You can also click the case name to pop up a menu that will take you directly to any case in the study.
The Action menu

The Action menu is at the right of the current case name, marked by a gear symbol , and lets you add and resize pictures, memos, and codes.
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New Case: Creates a new untitled case. (This is equivalent to choosing Cases New.)
Rename Case: Changes the current cases name to a new one you enter. (This is equivalent to choosing Cases Rename.)
Cut Case: Removes the current case from the study and places it in the clipboard, ready to paste into another study file. (This is equivalent to choosing Edit Cut Case, but unlike the item in the Edit menu, it is available even if a code reference is selected.) Copy Case: Places a copy of the current case in the clipboard (without removing it from the study), ready to paste into this or another study file. (This is equivalent to choosing Edit Copy Case, but unlike the item in the Edit menu, it is available even if a code reference is selected.) Paste Case: Pastes a case into the study file. (This is equivalent to choosing Edit Paste.) This menu item is disabled if the last thing you cut or copied was not a case. Delete Case: Removes the current case from the study. (This is equivalent to choosing Cases Delete.) First Case: Goes to the first case in the study (by alphabetical order). This is equivalent to choosing Cases First.
Previous Case:
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Goes to the previous case in the study. This is equivalent to choosing Cases Previous or clicking the left arrow to the left of the case name. Next Case: Goes to the next case in the study. This is equivalent to choosing Cases clicking the right arrow to the left of the case name. Next or
Last Case: Goes to the last case in the study (by alphabetical order). This is equivalent to choosing Cases Last.
Go to Case: Lets you choose which case to go to. (This is equivalent to choosing Cases Case.) Go to
Code references list

The main part of the study window contains the code references applied during the coding process.
Clicking a code reference highlights it. (If the View Source box at the bottom of the study window is checked, clicking a code reference opens the source file to the location of the reference. If the View Annotation box is checked, the associated annotation will appear in the annotation window.) Tip: To select more than one code reference in the list, first click the first reference, then Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows) each of the additional references. Each line in the scrolling field corresponds to one code reference for the current case. For each code reference, we see the code, the source file that the reference is in, the type of source file, and the location of the reference. Source files can be TEXT, IMAGE, MOVIE, or THEME. (Theme codes are added by the Theory Builder and arent associated with any particular source material. See the Testing Theories topic for more information.) Tip: Because you can filter a subset of codes to work with, the code references you see in this window may not include all the code references for this case. To make sure you are seeing all the codes, choose All Codes from the Filter Codes menu at the bottom of the study window. See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information. Page 124
Tip: Because you can filter a subset of codes to work with, the code references you see in this window may not include all the code references for this case. To make sure you HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference are seeing all the codes, choose All Codes from the Filter Codes menu at the bottom of the study window. See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information. You can change the width of the columns by placing the pointer over the dividing line until you see it change to the column resize pointer. Then drag the divider to the left or right. You can also change what columns are displayed in this list. To the right of the column titles is an arrow button. The arrow button switches between displaying all five columns and displaying just the Annotation and Code Name columns.
The annotation column

Annotations are notes, to yourself or to other researchers, that are attached to a particular code reference. The first column of the code references list indicates whether this reference includes an annotation. If so, the first column will contain a symbol.
Code Filter section
At the bottom of the study window is information about the codes used in this case. The Code Filter section tells you how many codes have been created for this case, and how many of these are currently filtered. The Filter Codes menu filters the current set of active codes. You use this menu to filter specific codes, so that you can work with a subset of your study. You can display All Codes, filter codes By Name or By Criteria, by using the selected codes in the Code Map, by type of code, or Unselect All to hide all codes. See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information. Tip: Choosing an item from the Filter Codes menu does the same thing as choosing Codes Filter Codes in the menu bar.
View checkboxes
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Below the Code Filter section, youll find two checkboxes: View Annotation and View Source. If the View Source box at the bottom of the study window is checked, clicking a code reference opens the source file to the location of the reference. If the View Annotation box is checked, the associated annotation will appear in the annotation window. Tip: Automatically opening the source or annotation window takes some little time, so it is sometimes convenient to leave these boxes unchecked when manipulating the code references (cutting, copying, pasting, deleting, sorting or selecting).
The Code Book

The Code Book shows a list of all the codes currently in your study. This window includes controls to create new codes, edit code names, delete codes, and apply a code to a selection of source material to create a new code reference. The Code Book opens automatically when you start HyperRESEARCH. To re-open it if youve closed the window, choose Codes Code Book.
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Clicking a code highlights it. The Apply Code button applies the selected codes to the selected part of a source, creating a code reference. Tip: To select more than one code in the list, first click the first code, then Command-click (Mac) or Control-click (Windows) each of the additional codes.
The Edit Code menu

The Edit Code menu, located at the top of the Code Book window, is used to change the selected code or codes.
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The commands in the Edit Code menu are: New Code: Creates a new code in the Code Book, after asking you for the new codes name. (Code names can include any combination of letters, numbers, underscores, periods, dashes, the letters , , , , , , , and , and the following punctuation marks: colon (:), back quote (`), quote ('), =, +, /, ~, &, !, ?, and %.) New Group: Creates a new code group. You can use code groups to organize your codes. To add codes to a group, drag them into the group (or use the Assign to Groups command described below). You can also drag groups into other groups, creating subgroups. A code or group can be in more than one group. To add a code to a group without removing it from its current group, hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS X) while dragging it. Delete Code: Removes the selected code or codes from your study. This command also removes any code references that use the deleted code. (If a group is selected, this command changes to Delete Group.) Duplicate: Duplicates all code references for the selected code or codes in all cases of your study. You can assign the same code to the duplicates, or choose a different code. Rename: Changes the name of the selected code or group to a new name you enter. Re-code: Reassigns all the code references associated with the selected code to another code. Assign to Groups: Displays the Assign to Code Groups dialog box, which lets you see and change the groups that a code is a member of. The Assigned Groups list shows the groups the code is in; the All Code Groups list shows all available groups. Page 128
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Displays the Assign to Code Groups dialog box, which lets you see and change the groups that a code is a member of. The Assigned Groups list shows the groups the code is in; the All Code Groups list shows all available groups. To remove the code from a group, select the groups name in the Assigned Groups list, then click Remove. To add the code to a group, select the groups name in the All Code Groups list, then click Add.
The code shown above is a member of the default group All Codes, and also of the group Creativity. It is about to be added to the group Computers. Import List: Imports a list of code names and optional code descriptions from a file that was exported from another study file. Tip: To share a common set of codes among members of your research team, first use the Export List command to export the code list, then use this command to import it into all other copies of the study file. Export List: Exports the code list and code descriptions to a file. This file can be imported into another HyperRESEARCH study file.
The Codes menu versus the Edit Code menu

Most of the commands in the Edit Code menu can also be found in the Codes menu, located in the HyperRESEARCH menu bar. However, the two menus do different things. The commands in the Codes menu only change the selected code references in the study window, but the Edit Code menu in the Code Book changes the code list itself. For example, if you select a code in the Code Book window and then choose Rename from the Edit Code menu at the top of the window, the new name is applied to all of that codes code references, throughout your study. But if you select a specific code Page reference in the Study window and then choose Codes Rename, the new name is 129 assigned only to the single highlighted code reference, and other references that use the code are unchanged.
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference For example, if you select a code in the Code Book window and then choose Rename from the Edit Code menu at the top of the window, the new name is applied to all of that codes code references, throughout your study. But if you select a specific code reference in the Study window and then choose Codes Rename, the new name is assigned only to the single highlighted code reference, and other references that use the code are unchanged. Changes made to the Code Book are global. They affect all related code references throughout your study, regardless of code or case filters. When deleting codes from the Code Book, you may prefer to save your study first in case of mistakes, because there is no Undo for deleting a code.
The Apply Code button

The Apply Code button applies the selected code or codes to the selected portion of the source file, creating a code reference which will be listed in the current case. To code source material, follow these steps:
1 2 3 4
Open a source file. Select the relevant portion of the source. Select a code in the Code Book. Click Apply Code.
The new code reference is added to the current case in the study window. HyperRESEARCH provides a number of shortcuts and advanced techniques to speed up the coding process. For more information, see Coding Source Material.
The Description pane

Each code can have a description associated with it. The code description can contain any text you want, allowing you to include your own notes about the code. The Description pane appears at the bottom of the Code Book window.
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To change the description of a code, select the code in the list, then enter your comments in the Description box at the bottom of the window. Tip: To make the Description box larger or smaller, click and drag the Description label up or down. You can make the Description box larger to accommodate longer comments, or make it smaller to make more room for codes in the list.
The Sources List

The Sources List shows all the source files that are referenced in your study. In the Sources List, you can see information about a source, add and remove source files, open a source file, or display its icon in its folder. To open the Sources List, choose Sources Sources List.
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The source file list

To choose a source to examine, select it from the list of source files on the left side of the window. The list includes all files you have opened using the Sources menu while your study was open, whether or not youve coded material in the file. (If youve changed your mind and dont plan to use a source file in the list, you can remove it by choosing Sources Remove Source, or using the Sources popup menu described below.)
The Sources menu

The Sources menu, located at the top left of the Sources List window (above the source file list), is used to easily add or remove source files.
The commands in the Sources menu are: Add New Source File: Lets you choose a source file to add to your list of sources.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Tip: By default, you can choose only text source files (plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE). To add an image, audio, or video source file, choose All Files from the Files of Type (Windows) or Enable (Mac OS X) popup menu, then select your file. Add New Sources From Folder: Lets you select a folder to add. HyperRESEARCH adds all the text files (plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE) in the folder. Use this command to easily add a large number of source files as a single batch. HyperRESEARCH does not look in subfolders of the folder you select, so to add your source files, they all should be on the top level of the folder. Remove Selected Sources From Study: Deletes all references to one or more source files from your study file. (You can select more than one source file by Control-clicking [on Windows] or Command-clicking [on Mac OS X].) Any code references youve created with the source file are also removed, so use caution if removing a source file that youve already coded, because this command cannot be undone. Note: You can also add a source file to your study by choosing Sources Open Text
File, Sources Open Image File, or Sources Open Audio or Video File. When you open a source file in this way, ready for coding, it is automatically added to your studys source list, and youll see it the next time you open the Sources List window.
Source file information

When you select a source file in the list, information about the file appears in the middle of the Sources List window. (If more than one source file is selected, no information appears.) This information includes: File: The source files name. Type: Text, Image, or Movie. (All audio and video source files are listed as files of type Movie.) Size: The source files size on disk. Created: The date and time the source file was created. Modified: The date and time the source file was last changed. Full Path: The exact location of the source file on disk, including all the folders that enclose it. Cases where this source is coded: The name of each case where youve created a code reference to a section of this source file, along with the number of code references for this source in the case. (In HyperRESEARCH, you can use one source file in more than one case, and use more than one source file in a single case.) Codes applied to this source: Each code that has been used in this source file, along with the number of times the code has been used. Page 133
Opening a source file

The buttons at the top right corner of the Sources List window let you open or examine a source file. Open Source File: Opens the source file selected in the list, ready for coding. (This is equivalent to choosing Sources Open Text File, Sources Open Image File, or Sources>Open Audio or Video File.) The button opens the source file, ready for coding. (Any coding you have already done in the file is not shown until you click a code reference in the study window.) Open Files Folder: Opens the folder that contains the selected files icon, so you can delete it, rename it, move it to another folder, and so on.
The Source Window (Text Files)

The Source window displays the source material for your study. In a source window for a text file, you can select words or phrases to code, and see what's already been coded. RTF and plain text source files are both displayed in this kind of window, and so are HyperTRANSCRIBE transcription files. (HyperTRANSCRIBE is Researchwares transcription software. For more information about HyperTRANSCRIBE, visit the Researchware website.) To open a text source file, choose Sources Open Text Source, then select the text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE file you want to use. The file is displayed in the Source window.
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Once youve opened a source file, click and drag to select text for coding. See the Preparing Source Material and Coding Source Material topics for more information. Tip: To change the font or text size, click the Font Settings button at the top of the source window.
The Related Media pane

If the source file is a HyperTRANSCRIBE file, the Related Media pane at the top of the window opens automatically to display the audio or video file thats associated with the transcription:
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A HyperTRANSCRIBE file can contain time codes inserted in HyperTRANSCRIBE, and you can click a time code to go directly to that part of the audio or video file, just as in HyperTRANSCRIBE. This lets you switch easily between reading the text and playing the audio or video while coding. You can also display an audio or video file in the Related Media pane for a text or RTF file. The media will not synchronize with the source text, but you can play and refer to the media file while coding the text. This is useful, for example, when coding the transcript of an interview. You can refer to the actual audio or video to resolve ambiguities in tone of voice or facial expression. To work with a media file while coding a text or RTF file, first click the arrow labeled Related Media at the top of the source winow.
Then click the Media File button and select an audio or video file. The media file is displayed in the top part of the source window.
Re-opening the source window

Once you have coded a source file, you can open it by clicking a code reference to that source in the Study window. If the View Source box at the bottom of the study window is checked, the source file opens automatically when you click a code reference, displaying the passage you coded. Page 136
Once you have coded a source file, you can open it by clicking a code reference to that HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference source in the Study window. If the View Source box at the bottom of the study window is checked, the source file opens automatically when you click a code reference, displaying the passage you coded.
You can also open the source file using the Sources List window. To open the Sources List, choose Sources Sources List. The list at the left side of the window displays all the source files youve used in your study. Click the source file you want to open, then click the Open Source File button at the upper right corner. (For more information about the Sources List window, see the Sources List topic.)
Codes in Context
The Codes in Context box at the bottom of the source window highlights a code reference when you open a source file by clicking the reference. If the Codes in Context box checked, the codes you have appear to the left of the main body of text. Clicking a code highlights the text associated with the code:
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If you uncheck the Codes in Context box, the margin disappears, and you see only the text in the source window, without the codes:
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Tip: When Codes in Context is checked, you can change the width of the margin by dragging the vertical divider between the codes and the text to the left or right.
The Source Window (Image Files)

The Source window displays the source material for your study. In a source window for an image file, you can select a portion of the image to apply a code to, and see what's already been coded. If the picture is too large to fit, the window scrolls horizontally and vertically. To open an image source file, choose Sources Open Image File, then select the file you want to use. (For more information about the kinds of image files you can use, see File Types.) The file is displayed in the Source window.
Use the mouse to drag a rectangular selection in the source window. When you add a code, the location of the selected portion of the image is recorded in your study file as part of the code reference. You can code the entire picture by selecting the whole thing, or assign different codes to different parts of the picture. See the Preparing Source Material and Coding Source Material topics for more information.
The Source Window (Media Files)

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The Source window displays the source material for your study. In a source window for a movie or audio file, you can play the file and select a portion to apply a code to. To open a movie or audio source file, choose Sources Open Movie or Audio File, then select the file you want to use. The file is displayed in the Source window. You can use any audio or video format supported by the version of QuickTime you have installed. Supported video formats include MPEG, AVI, and QuickTime. Supported audio formats include AIFF, MP3, WAV, and AU. (For more information about the kinds of files you can open, see File Types.)
The Source window displays your file in a window with a standard playback controller, containing icons to play, pause, go forward and back. If the file is a movie file, the movie appears above the controller. For audio files, only the controller appears. Tip: If the movie appears too small, resize the window to make it larger. The movie is expanded or contracted to fit in the source window. To select a portion of the file for coding, do one of the following: Click at the starting point and choose Sources Media Playback Set Selection Set
Start. Then click at the ending point and choose Sources Selection End.
Media Playback
Click at the starting point, then shift-click at the ending point. The current time, and the start and end times of the selected portion, appear at the top of the source window. When you code the portion youve selected, the start and end times of the selected portion are stored in your study file. See the Preparing Source Material and Coding Source Material topics for more information.
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The Search Sources Window

The Search Sources window searches a batch of text filesplain text, RTF, and HyperTRANSCRIBEfor words or phrases you enter. You can search any combination of sources that are already used in your study, or add more files to search. When a match is found, you can click to open the file and scroll directly to the found text so that you can read or code it. To open the Search Sources window, choose Sources Search Text Sources.
The source file list

On the left side of the window, youll see a list of the source files to search. When the Search Sources window opens, this list includes all text sources that have been used in your study. You can add and remove files from the list, fine-tuning your search, by using the Sources popup menu above the list, which is described below.
The Sources menu

The Sources menu, located at the top left of the Search Sources window (above the source file list), is used to easily add or remove source files.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference The commands in the Sources menu are: Add From Source List: Lets you choose a source file that is used in your study but is not in the list. (Use this menu item if youve removed a source file from the list and want to re-add it.) Add New Source File: Lets you add any text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE file to the list to search, even if you have not used it in your study. (Adding a file to the search list also adds it to your study, so the file will also appear in the Sources List.) Add New Sources From Folder: Lets you select a folder to add. HyperRESEARCH adds all the text files (plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE) in the folder. Use this command to easily add a large number of source files as a single batch. HyperRESEARCH does not look in subfolders of the folder you select, so to add your source files, they all should be on the top level of the folder. (Adding files to the search list also adds them to your study, so the files will also appear in the Sources List.) Remove Selected Sources From Search: Removes the selected files from the search list. (This command does not delete the files from your study; it only prevents HyperRESEARCH from searching them.) To undo this command, choose Add From Source List from the Sources popup menu and select the file or files you want to put back into the search list.
Search box
Enter what you want to search for in the Search box at the top of the window. HyperRESEARCH looks for occurrences of the entire phrase you enter. (For example, if you enter "qualitative analysis", HyperRESEARCH will find that phrase, but not phrases like qualitative study or careful analysis.)
The Search box includes the history of all the phrases youve searched for during the current session. To search again for a phrase youve used before, click the arrow at the right end of the Search box and choose the phrase you want. When youve entered your search phrase, click the Search button or press Return or Enter to search all the files listed on the left.
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Search results list

Once the search is complete, the search results list displays each place your search phrase was found. Each line indicates three things: the file name where the result was found its order in the file (for example, the third occurrence in the file is number 3) a few words before and after your search phrase to show the context in the file To see a result in its source file, click the occurrence youre interested in, then click Open Selected Source (or double-click the occurrence). The source file opens and the search phrase is automatically selected.
The Annotation Window

The Annotation window adds an annotation to a code reference. An annotation is a note to yourself or to other researchers. You can include any amount of text in an annotation. To open the Annotation window, click a code reference in the study window, then choose Codes Annotate. The Annotation window opens for you to enter a note.
Tip: To automatically open the Annotation window when you click a code reference, check the View Annotation box at the bottom of the study window. Each code reference can have its own annotation. Code references that have an annotation are marked in the study window with a symbol. To change the font or text size, click the Font Settings button at the top of the window.
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The Autocode Window

The Autocode feature searches text source files for specified words or phrases and assign a specified code or codes to the found text. To open the Autocode window, choose Codes Autocode.
The Autocode window includes three panels: Sources: specifies which source files to search Phrases: specifies what phrases to search for Code: specifies which code or codes to assign to the found text To use a panel, click its tab at the top of the window.
For an introduction to the autocoding feature as used in an example study, see Tutorial 6: Advanced Code and Retrieve Features.
Sources
The Sources tab displays the currently filtered cases in your study. If the cases shown are not exactly what you want, you can use the Add Case and Remove Case buttons to change the listed cases.
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Below each case, you will see the source files to be searched for that case. Code references that are found for each source file will be placed in the case listed above it. When you open the Autocode window, each case lists any source file or files that have already been used in that case, and you can add or remove source files from cases. Note: Adding or removing cases and source files does not affect whats already stored in your study; it only affects which source files Autocode searches, and which cases it puts the found code references in. To add a source file to the Autocode settings, click a case, then click Add Source and choose the source file you want to search. (You can add a source file to more than one case. You can also add more than one source file to a case.) To remove a source file from the Autocode settings, click the source file, then click Remove Source. (This does not remove already-coded references from your case. It only prevents Autocode from searching that source file.)
Phrases
The Phrases tab lets you specify what to search for and automatically code.
You can search for multiple words (or phrases) at once across all your source files . Enter the first word or phrase you want to search for in the box at the top, then click Add Phrase. (HyperRESEARCH will find only exact matches.) Page 145
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference You can search for multiple words (or phrases) at once across all your source files . Enter the first word or phrase you want to search for in the box at the top, then click Add Phrase. (HyperRESEARCH will find only exact matches.) To enter more search phrases, enter each one in the box, then click Add Phrase. All your search phrases are listed below the box. To remove a phrase, first click it, then click Delete Phrase. Extending in the code reference: Usually, when a phrase is found and Autocode creates a code reference for it, only the phrase itself is coded. However, you can extend the code reference to include additional characters, words, or paragraphs before or after the phrase. For example, if you search for clown and specify to include 1 additional word before the phrase, Autocode will code the phrases happy clown, sad clown, circus clown, and so onnot just the search word clown itself. Characters: If you extend the code reference by a certain number of characters before and after, it adds that number of characters, in addition to the search phrase itself. Words: If you extend the code reference by a certain number of words before and, it adds that number of words, in addition to the entire word where the search phrase was found. (For example, if you search for graph and extend it by one word before and after, Autocode will code phrases like making ethnography more.) Paragraphs: If you extend the code reference to one paragraph before, it includes the previous paragraph as well as the paragraph where the search phrase was found. If you extend the code reference to one paragraph after, it includes the text up to the end of the paragraph where the search phrase was found, but not additional paragraphs. To include additional material, specify the type and amount of the extension you want to be included in the code reference, using the When phrase is found section at the bottom of the Phrases tab. If there is a zero in both text boxes, only the search phrase itself will be coded.
Codes
The Codes tab allows you to specify the code or codes you wish assigned to the passages specified in the Phrases panel. If you specify more than one code, each code will be assigned to every occurrence of the search phrases.
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To add a code, click Add Codes. To remove a code, click it and then click Remove Code.
Autocoding
When youve specified the cases and corresponding source files, the search phrases, and the codes to assign, click Autocode. HyperRESEARCH searches each source file for the search phrases, selects the appropriate section of source material (including any characters, words, or lines previous to or following the found phrase, as specified in the Phrases panel), and applies the specified codes to that section. The code references for the source material are added to the cases specified in the Sources panel. Note: The Autocode feature may take some time, especially when dealing with many or large source files.
Saving and re-using Autocode settings

At the bottom of the Autocode window are Load and Save buttons. The Save button saves the current Autocode settings in a separate file so you can re-use them later or share them with others who may be working on your study. The Load button restores Autocode settings from one of these saved files.
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The Code Map Window

The Code Map lets you visually display your codes and the relationships between them. It works like a drawing program: you place a rectangle representing each code you want to work with, then draw connections between them to display the relationships you want to examine. You can also add pictures and text memos to help you organize your work.
To open the Code Map window, choose Codes Code Map. A blank code map opens, with a set of tools at the top of the window. These tools let you add, highlight, and connect codes and memos. To the right of the tools is the Action menu, marked with a gear symbol . At the bottom of the window is an additional set of tools that lets you control the overall size and behavior of the code map window. For more information about using the Code Map, see the Mapping Code Relations and Filtering and Sorting Code References topics.
The Code Maps menu

The Code Maps menu, at the top left of the Code Map window, lets you choose a code map to work with. When you first open the Code Map window, there is only one code map, named Code Map 1.
To add a new code map, click the + button. Page 148
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference To delete the current code map, click the button. To switch to another code map, choose its name from the menu.
The Code Map tools

There are four tools available at the top of the window: Select, Add, Link, and Mark. Click any of the tools to work with that tool. (Each tool is described below.)
The Select, Add, and Mark tools also have menus that modify the action of the tool. To open the menus, press and hold the mouse button on the tools icon. Tip: You can also select a tool by typing the first letter of the tool name. For example, typing S chooses the Select tool.
The Select tool and the Select menu

Use the Select tool to select or resize objects in the Code Map: codes, pictures, memos, and links. To select an object in the Code Map, click it with the Select tool. To select additional objects, click them while holding down the Shift key.
To change an objects size, first select it, then drag one of the small square handles at the corners and sides of the selected object. Resizing codes and other objects lets you express your feelings about their relative significance, making some larger and others smaller. To remove a code, click it with the Select tool, then press the Delete key. If you hold down the mouse button over the Select tool, a menu opens. This menu lets you select all objects, or select any type of object. Select All Objects: Selects every objectcodes, memos, images, and linksin the code map. Select All Nodes: Selects every code in the code map. Select All Links:
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Selects every link (without selecting the codes they link together). Select All Memos: Selects every memo in the code map. Select All Images: Selects every image in the code map. Select None: Deselects all selected objects. Invert Selection: Selects everything that wasnt selected, and deselects everything that was. Select Connected: Selects all codes that are linked to the currently selected code or codes. In the dialog box that opens, you can specify how many levels of link to follow.
For example, in the code map shown above, if you select the code technologically creative, then choose Select Connected from the Select menu and specify 1 level, the codes computer as creativity tool and more involved with data are selected. These two codes are the only ones that are directly lined to technologically creative, as the link lines show. Page 150
If you specify 2 levels of connection, then all the codes that are linked either to technologically creative or to one of its links will be selected. These are all the codes that are colored yellow in the image above.
The Add tool and the Add menu

Use the Add tool to place codes in the Code Map. To add a code, choose the Add tool and then click at the location where you want to place the code. A dialog box opens listing all codes in your study. Select the code to add, then click Select to add that code to the Code Map. A box appears where you clicked, with the name of the code in it. Tip: To add several codes at once, click them in the dialog box while holding down the Control key (Windows) or Command key (Mac). If you select multiple codes, a box is added for each code. If you hold down the mouse button over the Add tool, a menu opens. This menu adds codes to the code map. Add Nodes From Selected Codes: Lists all the codes that are currently selected in the study. (You select a subset of codes using the Code Filter menu near the bottom of the study window.) When you choose a code, a box labeled with the codes name is added to the code map. Page 151
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Lists all the codes that are currently selected in the study. (You select a subset of codes using the Code Filter menu near the bottom of the study window.) When you choose a code, a box labeled with the codes name is added to the code map. Add Nodes From Master Codes: Lists all codes in the study, whether or not they are in the currently selected set of codes. (This list is the same as the list in the Code Book.) When you choose a code, a box labeled with the codes name is added to the code map. When you use the Add menu to add codes, the new codes appear at the top left of the code map. If they overlap existing codes, simply move them out of the way using the Select tool.
The Link tool

To indicate a relationship between codes, use the Link tool to connect them with a line. First select a code to link, then click the Link tool. A line appears between the selected code and the mouse pointer. As you move the mouse, the line follows the pointer. To complete the link, click another code. The two codes are now connected by a line. If you move one of the codes, the link moves with it, continuing to connect the two codes visually. To create links between one code and several others in a single step, first select the several codes. (To select more than one code, Shift-click each code.) Then click the Link tool. When you click a code, all the selected codes are linked to that code. To remove a link, click it with the Select tool, then press the Delete key. (When a code is deleted, all links to it are deleted automatically.) The Link tool does not have a menu associated with it.
The Mark tool and the Mark menu

Use the Mark tool to highlight codes for special attention. When a code is marked, it turns a bright yellow color thats visually distinct from other codes in the Code Map. To mark a code, choose the Mark tool, then click the code. If you hold down the mouse button over the Mark tool, a menu opens. This menu lets you mark and unmark codes, or select only the marked codes in the study window. Mark Selection: Highlights all selected codes. (To select a code, click it with the Select tool.) Unmark Selection: Unhighlights all selected codes. Mark All Nodes: Highlights all codes in the code map. Unmark All: Removes highlighting from all codes in the code map. Page 152
Select Marked Nodes: Selects all the highlighted codes. (Use this command if you want to do something with the set of all marked codes.) Select Unmarked Nodes: Selects all the codes that dont have yellow highlighting. Use this command if you want to do something with the set of all codes that arent marked.) Apply Marked Set to Study Window: Applies the set of highlighte codes to the study windowd. (This action is equivalent to choosing By Name from the Code Filter menu at the bottom of the study window, then selecting the names of the marked codes to display.)
The Action menu

The Action menu is at the top right of the Code Map window, marked by a gear symbol , and lets you add and resize pictures, memos, and codes.
New Memo: Creates a text memo field in the code map. You can enter any text you want into the memo. Use the Select tool to move or resize it. You can add as many memos as you want. Place Image: Displays the contents of a picture file in the code map. You can choose any file on your disk thats in PNG, JPEG, GIF, or BMP format. The file is only displayed, not imported, so if you move, rename, or delete the picture file, it will disappear from the code map. The image is placed behind all other objects in the code map, so it forms a background if other objects overlap it. Tip: To change the image to display another file, double-click it and select the picture file you want to use. Page 153
Scale Selected Image: Resizes the selected image to the specified percentage. To make the image smaller than actual size, enter a value less than 100 (for example, scaling the image to 50% makes it half the original height and width). To make it larger, enter a value greater than 100 (for example, scaling the image to 200% makes it twice as large). Restore Selection to Original Size: Changes the selected objects back to their original size. Pictures are scaled to 100%, and codes and memos are resized to fit their text. Restore All to Original Size: Changes all objects back to their original size. whether they are currently selected or not. Pictures are scaled to 100%, and codes and memos are resized to fit their text. Rename Current Code Map: Changes the name of the currently selected code map (for example, Code Map 1) to the new name you enter. Resize Relative to Frequency: Resizes all codes in the current code map according to their frequency in the study. Codes used more frequently are displayed in a larger box, and codes used less frequently are displayed in a smaller box. The frequency count is shown in parentheses next to the code name.
The page controls

At the bottom of the Code Map window are controls for adjusting properties of the map:
Page Size: Click Page Size to display a dialog box that controls the page size of the code map. Enter the page height and width in inches. Show Page Breaks: If this box is checked, the Code Map window displays faint blue lines at page boundaries. Use the page-break lines to see where page breaks will occur when you print the code map. Snap to Grid: If this box is checked, when you create, drag, and resize objects, they are automatically placed on an imaginary grid. Use this feature to make the code map neater. If you want to control the exact placement of objects in the Code Map window, uncheck this box, and objects will be placed exactly where you put them. Page 154
If this box is checked, when you create, drag, and resize objects, they are automatically HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference placed on an imaginary grid. Use this feature to make the code map neater. If you want to control the exact placement of objects in the Code Map window, uncheck this box, and objects will be placed exactly where you put them. Grid Size: Hold down the mouse button over the Grid Size control to choose a grid size in pixels. The grid size controls the coarseness of the imaginary grid that objects snap to. (If the Snap to Grid box is unchecked, the Grid Size menu is unavailable.)
The Theory Builder

The Theory Builder helps you determine whether your study data supports a particular inference youve proposed. You test a theory by proposing a list of rules concerning the proposed relationship between codes. The Theory Builder then examines your study to see whether the relationship actually exists.
For an introduction to the Theory Builder as used in an example study, The Theory Builder. To open the Theory Builder window, choose Theory New Theory.
Tutorial 7:
The Theory Builder window consists of two main sections: the Theory Rule List in the top half, and the Rule Editor in the bottom half. The triangle labeled Show Rule Editor hides and shows the Rule Editor. The Theory Rule List simply lists the rules youve defined in the Rule Editor. These rules translate your theory into terms that HyperRESEARCH can understand.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference See the Testing Theories and Theory Menu topics for more information about using the Theory Builder.
The Theory Rule List

The Theory Rule List displays the rules youve defined in the Rule Editor. When you have finished building and adding new rules, click Export or Display to test the theory. If you click Display, the results are shown in a window. If you click Export, the results are saved in a text file whose name you enter. Click Cancel to close the Theory Builder window.
The Rule Editor

The Rule Editor has two main parts: the IF section, where you create the expression to test, and the THEN section, where you specify what to do if the IF expression is true. When you have finished specifying both the IF and THEN sections, click the OK button at the upper right of the Rule Editor section to add the new rule to the Theory Rule List in the top of the window.
Rule Editor: The IF section

In the IF section, you create a statement about codes in your study, using the Build Expression popup menu. The content of the Build Expression menu varies depending on the context. When you begin, the menu contains the items Function, Code, and NOT. After you add a code or function, the menu changes to contain AND and OR. The Build Expression menu has the following menu items: Function: Chooses one of the functions Equals, Excludes, FollowedBy, Includes, Overlaps, or PrecededBy. (For information about these functions, see the Code Proximity Functions topic.) Code: Selects a code from the Code Book. NOT: Adds NOT to the rule. The boolean operator NOT looks for cases where the statement following is not true. For example, if you choose NOT, then choose a code, the rule specifies all the cases where that code is not used. AND: Adds AND to the rule. The boolean operator AND looks for cases where the statement before and the statement after AND are both true. For example, if you choose a code, then AND, then another code, the rule specifies all the cases where both codes are used. OR: Adds OR to the rule. The boolean operator OR looks for cases where either the statement before OR or the statement after or both are true. For example, if you choose a code, then OR, then another code, the rule specifies all the cases where one or both codes are used. Page 156
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Adds OR to the rule. The boolean operator OR looks for cases where either the statement before OR or the statement after or both are true. For example, if you choose a code, then OR, then another code, the rule specifies all the cases where one or both codes are used. The expression you are building appears in the box below the Build Criteria menu. (For more information about building an IF statement, see the Expressions and Filtering Criteria topic.) To remove the entire expression and start over, click Clear IF.
Rule Editor: The THEN section

In the THEN section, you specify what to do if the statements in the IF section are found to be true, using the Actions menu: Add Goal: A goal is a final endpoint in a set of rules. If the statement in the IF section is found to be true for a case and a goal is added, HyperRESEARCH considers the theory to have been proven for that case. (Most theories have only one goal, although it is possible to include multiple goals in a single theory.) Therefore, you usually use Add Goal in the final rule of your theory. Add Code: Temporarily adds a code you specify to any case where the IF statement is found to be true. You can use this temporary code in other, later rules in the same theory. Adding a temporary code is a handy way of marking a case for later use, and it also lets you specify a code as functionally equivalent to a statement being true: if the code is in a case, you know that the theory is true for that case. If the Add Themes to Cases box at the bottom of the Theory Rule List pane is checked, the code is permanently added to the case and can be seen in the study window. Otherwise, the code is only temporary, and is not seen in the study window. Remove Code: Temporarily removes a code you specify, for any case where the IF statement is found to be true. Temporarily removing a code is a handy way of hiding the code from other, later rules in the same theory. This command affects only the rules in the current theory. It does not change the Code Book and does not remove any code references from your study. Unlike the Add Code command, the Remove Code command cannot be made permanent by checking a box. It is always temporary. For more information about theories and the Theory Builder, see the Testing Theories topic.
The Display Results Window

The Display Results window opens when you click the Display button in either the Report Builder window or the Theory Builder window. It shows the results of the report or test. (See the Generating Reports and Testing Theories topics for more information.) Page 157
The result appears in the center of the window. The Font Settings button changes the font and text size for easier viewing. (You may find it convenient to use a monospaced font such as Courier to display reports.) The Wrap Text checkbox lets long lines wrap around to the next line. Check this box if you want to be able to see all the results without having to scroll sideways. If wrapping makes it hard to see where one code reference ends and the next one begins, uncheck the box.
Pagination in Reports
If you chose Display on Multiple Pages in the Pagination section of the Report Builder window, the page number appears at the top of the Display Results window, as shown above. The example displays a report consisting of 6 pages. The page shown is number 2 of 6. Click the arrows to move between pages.
Pagination in Theory Results

When you are displaying the results of a theory test, the Display Results window presents one page for each case in your study. (If you are using a filter, the window has one page for each currently-filtered case.) You can use the arrow buttons to move between cases and see the result of the test for each case.
The Report Builder

The Report Builder creates a summary report of your study data. In the Report Builder window, you specify what information will be included and how it will be sorted. (For more information about the process of creating a report, see Generating Reports.) To open the Report Builder window, choose Reports New Report.
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Tip: The report includes only the cases and codes that are currently filtered in your study. (See the Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References topics for more information.) To create a report on all cases and codes, first make sure to choose Cases All Codes. Filter Cases All Cases and also choose Codes Filter Codes
Source types to include

The Source Types to Include section specifies which code references to include, based on the source type of the code reference: Text: Text code references are those that refer to a word or phrase in a text file (plain text, RTF, or HyperTRANSCRIBE). Image: Image code references refer to a portion of an image file. Movie: Movie code references refer to a portion of a movie or audio file. Theme: Page 159
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference Theme code references are added by the Theory Builder, and are associated with the case itself rather than with any specific source material. (For more information about theme codes, see the Including Codes of Type Theme topic.) Check the box for each of the source types you wish to include. If a box is not checked, code references with that source type will be ignored when creating the report.
Report elements to include

The Report Elements to Include section specifies the types of information that will be in the report. The checkboxes in the left column control the display of code references. The checkboxes in the right column control the display of general information about the study, which is placed on the first page of the report, before the code reference information. (If none of the boxes in the left column are checked, no code reference information is included in the report.)
Report elements to include: code reference information

The checkboxes in the left column control how information about each code reference in the report is displayed. Reference specifications: Check any combination of the Case Name, Code Name, Code Type, Code Reference, and Source Name boxes to include this information for each code reference. This information is the same as is found in the study window for each code reference. If all five of these boxes are checked, the Hyperlinks box is also checked. If Hyperlinks is checked, the code reference is clickable in the Display Results window (which you see when you click the Display button). When you click the hyperlink, the source window opens and the quoted material is automatically highlighted or played. If the Hyperlinks box is not checked, the code reference is displayed as plain text and is not clickable. Code Frequency: The Code Frequency checkbox specifies whether to include the count of occurrences of each code. Tip: To obtain a frequency matrix of codes and cases, choose File instead of creating a report. Export Matrix
Source Material: The Source Material checkbox includes the actual quotation from the source material in each code reference. (Only text source material is included. Sources from images, movies, or audio files cannot be included in a report. To easily access such source material from a report, check the Hyperlinks box.) If the Source Material box is checked, the Exclude HyperTRANSCRIBE Time Codes checkbox becomes available. HyperTRANSCRIBE transcriptions can include time codes to indicate the time in an audio or video file that corresponds to a point in the transcript. Check this box if you dont want to include these time codes in your report. (If none of Page 160 your source files are HyperTRANSCRIBE files, this option has no effect.)
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference If the Source Material box is checked, the Exclude HyperTRANSCRIBE Time Codes checkbox becomes available. HyperTRANSCRIBE transcriptions can include time codes to indicate the time in an audio or video file that corresponds to a point in the transcript. Check this box if you dont want to include these time codes in your report. (If none of your source files are HyperTRANSCRIBE files, this option has no effect.) Annotations: The Annotations checkbox includes any annotations youve entered for each code reference. (For more information about annotating code references, see the Annotation Window topic.)
Report elements to include: general information

The checkboxes in the right column control whether general information about the study is included. This general information is on the first page of the report, before the code reference information starts. Case information: The List of All Cases is a complete list of all cases in the current study. All cases are included in this list, even if only a subset of cases is currently filtered. The List of Filtered Cases is a list of the currently filtered cases. (See the Filtering Cases topic for more information about filtering cases.) If all cases are currently being used, this is the same as the List of All Cases. The Case Filtering Criteria are the selection criteria used to filter the current set of cases. If all cases are currently being used, the filter criterion is All Cases. Code information: The List of All Codes is a complete list of all codes created for the current study. All codes are included in this list, even if only a subset of codes is currently filtered. The List of Filtered Codes is a list of currently filtered codes. (See the Filtering and Sorting Code References topic for more information about filtering codes.) If all codes are currently being used, this is the same as the List of All Codes. The Code Filtering Criteria are the current criteria for filtering codes. If all codes are currently being used, the filtering criterion is All Codes. Source file information: The List of All Sources is a list of the names and locations of all of the source files that have ever been coded for the current study. (Even if all the code references for a particular source file are later deleted, that source file remains in the list of sources unless you delete it in the Sources List window or by choosing Sources Source.) Remove
Sort Report By
You can sort the code references in a report by choosing the Case Name or Code Name option. If you sort by case name, all the code references for the first case are displayed, followed by all the code references for the second case, and so on. If you sort by code name, the code references instead are in alphabetical order by code.
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference If you do not check any of the boxes in the left column of the Report Elements to Include section, this option has no effect
Pagination
Use the pop-up menu in the Pagination section to choose whether to display the report on multiple pages or on a single page. You can move between pages using the arrows at the top of the Display Results window. If you display the report on a single page, all code references in the report appear in a single scrolling list when the report is displayed. Codes or cases (depending on how the report is sorted) are separated by a horizontal line. If you display the report on multiple pages, the report includes one page per case or per code, depending on how the report is sorted. (If you checked any of the boxes on the right side of the Report Elements to Include section, these lists are placed on the first page.) (The Pagination setting does not affect the format of exported reports.)
Generating the Report

When you have finished setting up your report, click Display or Export Text to generate the report. If you click Display or choose Reports Display Report Results, the results are shown in the Display Results window. (For more information about the Display Results window, see the Display Results Window topic.) If you click Export Text, or choose Reports saved in a text file whose name you enter. Export Report Results, the report is
Click Cancel to abandon the report and close the Report Builder.
The Frequency Report Window

The Frequency Report window creates a summary of how often your codes have been used in the study. In the Frequency Report window, you specify what information will be included in the report. To open the Frequency Report window, choose Reports Frequency Report.
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The frequency report will list all the codes in the Code Book along with the total number of times each code has been used in your study. The checkboxes in the Frequency Report window allow you to include additional information about each code. Each option is displayed in its own column in the frequency report. You can display the following optional information about each code, along with the total: Minimum: The smallest number of times that the code has been used in any case in your study. (If there are any cases in your study where the code has not been used, the minimum for that code is zero.) Maximum: The largest number of times that the code has been used in any case in your study. Mean: The average (arithmetic mean) number of times the code is used per case. Standard Deviation: The standard deviation of the distribution of codes across the cases. Bar Graph: A horizontal bar thats proportional to the total number of times the code has been used in your study. (This is the same information as in the Total column, presented in visual format to make it easier to scan.) Under Codes and Cases to Include, you can specify whether to report on all codes and cases, or only the codes and cases that are currently filtered. (For more about code and case filters, see the topics Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References.) Page 163
Under Codes and Cases to Include, you can specify whether to report on all codes and HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference cases, or only the codes and cases that are currently filtered. (For more about code and case filters, see the topics Filtering Cases and Filtering and Sorting Code References.) When you have finished selecting the information you want in your report, click Display to show the report. The results are shown in a window:
Click the header of any column (except the bar graph) to sort the report by that column. By default, the report is sorted by code name. The total number of codes shown, and the total number of uses of codes (that is, the number of code references in your study) are displayed at the bottom of the window. The Export button asks you to specify a new file name, then creates a text file with the frequency report information. The columns are separated by tabs, so the file can be imported into a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel. The Print button prints the frequency report. See the Analyzing Code Frequencies topic for more information about creating frequency reports. Also see the Generating Reports topic for information about creating other kinds of reports.
File Types Reference

HyperRESEARCH can use a number of different source file types, and creates several kinds of files. For information about these file types and their extensions, look at the following list.
Source files
HyperRESEARCH can use text data, images, audio, or video source files: Page 164
.txt (text, plain text, ASCII) Plain text files can be created by almost any word processing or text editing program. These files can be Unicode-encoded, allowing you to use text written in non-Roman alphabets and other writing systems. .rtf (RTF, Rich Text Format) RTF files can be created by most word-processing programs, and (unlike plain text) can include style information. HyperRESEARCH supports some, but not all RTF attributes. Font, size, and color changes are supported, along with styles such as bold and italic. However, advanced features such as tables and graphics are not currently supported. .htd (HyperTRANSCRIBE transcript file) If you have transcribed a video or audio file in HyperTRANSCRIBE, you can use that transcription as a source. The text transcript is shown, and the video or audio file appears in the Related Media pane. If you have inserted time codes in the transcript, you can click them in the source window to jump to that time in the audio or video recording. .bmp (Windows Bitmap) Image format sometimes used on Windows computers. .gif (GIF, Graphics Interchange Format) Popular image format often used on the Web. .jpg, .jpeg (JPEG, Joint Photographic Experts Group format) Popular image format often used on the Web; usually used for photographs. .png (PNG, Portable Network Graphics format) Popular image format often used on the Web. .pict (PICT, Picture) Older image format for Mac. (PICT can be used on Mac OS X systems only, and only the bitmap portion of the PICT can be displayed in HyperRESEARCH.) .wav (Waveform Audio File Format) Sound file format popular on Windows, often used by digital recorders. .aiff or .aif (Audio Interchange File Format) Sound file format popular on Mac OS X. .mp3 (MP3, MPEG-1 Layer 3) Popular sound file format, often used by digital recorders. .wma and .wmv (Windows Media audio and video files) If you are using Mac OS X and have the Flip4Mac QuickTime extension, available from the Microsoft web site, you can use WMA and WMV files. (WMA and WMV playback is not currently available with QuickTime on Windows systems.)
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HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference .avi (Audio Video Interleave) Video for Windows format. .mpg or .mpeg (MPEG-1 video) Standard format for video. .mov (QuickTime video) Standard container format for video, often used on the Web. More audio and video file types: HyperRESEARCH can use any audio or video file supported by QuickTime. For the more information about the file types currently supported by QuickTime, see the Apple web site. Tip: If a source file lacks the proper extension (or file type signature, on Mac OS X), HyperRESEARCH cannot recognize it. If you cannot open a source file that you believe HyperRESEARCH should be able to open, try choosing the All Files option from the Files of Type (on Windows) or Enable (on Mac OS X) popup menu in the Open Source dialog box. This allows you to attempt to open any file.
Files that HyperRESEARCH creates

.hs2 (study file) A study file includes your cases, codes, code references, and code maps for a particular study. Create a new study file by choosing File study file by choosing File Open Study. New Study, and open an existing
.hrp (report settings file) When you set up a report, you can save just the settings, without the report data, in order to create a new report later with the same settings, but with your current codes and cases. Create a report settings file by choosing Reports Save Report Settings As, or clicking Export Text in the Report Builder window. Open a saved report settings file by choosing Reports Open Report Settings.
.hhp (Theory Builder settings) When you set up a theory, you can save the theory rule list so you can check the same theory later without having to re-enter the settings. Create a Theory Builder settings file by choosing Theory Save Theory Settings As. Open a saved Theory Builder Open Theory Settings. settings file by choosing Theory
.txt (Autocode settings) When you set up settings for autocoding source files, you can save the settings for later use. Create an Autocode settings file by clicking the Save button in the Autocode window. To re-open Autocode settings, click Load. .txt (Results) When you export the result of a report or a Theory Builder test, the results are saved as a plain text file. To export a report, click Display in the Report Builder window, or choose Reports Export Report Results. To export a theory test, click Display in Export Theory Results. Page 166 the Theory Builder window, or choose Theory
HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH Reference When you export the result of a report or a Theory Builder test, the results are saved as a plain text file. To export a report, click Display in the Report Builder window, or choose Reports Export Report Results. To export a theory test, click Display in Export Theory Results. the Theory Builder window, or choose Theory
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HyperRESEARCH

Software for Qualitative Data Analysis

Version 3.0 Copyright 19882010 All rights reserved

ResearchWare, Inc. www.researchware.com

Web site: Technical questions: Sales questions:

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

Whats New in Version 3.0

New features: Source files

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

New features: Study files

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

New Features: Coding

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

New features: Appearance and user interface

Other changes and features

Updating from version 2.0 and later

Updating from versions before 2.0

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

The installation process

Installing on a portable drive

For system administrators: all-user and per-user licensing

Using and Upgrading From the Free Limited Edition

Capabilities of the Free Limited Edition

Upgrading from the Free Limited Edition

Enter License Key. The license dialog box opens.

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

Using files created with the Free Edition

Using the HyperRESEARCH Help System and Getting Technical Support

Using the Help window

PDF user guide

PDF Help File: HR User Guide.pdf

Getting Technical Support

HyperRESEARCH: Welcome to HyperRESEARCH

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

Visual Guide: HyperRESEARCH at a Glance

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

The Study Window up close

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

The Code Book up close

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

The Source Window up close

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

Quick Start to Coding

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

Rename to name your first case.

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

The HyperRESEARCH Tutorials

Example study and source files

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

How HyperRESEARCH Works

The process of qualitative analysis

Some basic terms

HyperRESEARCH: Getting Started

Coding with HyperRESEARCH

Analysis with HyperRESEARCH

Building and testing theories

HyperRESEARCH: HyperRESEARCH in Depth

Designing a Study and Preparing to Work in HyperRESEARCH

Setting Up Your Study