Some Facts : Pondicherry was a French colony, before it was included to India. 2.

Union Territory of Pondicherry consists of 4 districts : (a) Pondicherry : It surrounded by Tamil Nadu.
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(b) Karaikal : It is surrounded by Tamil Nadu. (c) Mahe : It is surrounded by Kerala. (d) Yanam : It is surrounded by Andhra Pradesh. 3. India touches seven frontiers viz. Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar & Bangladesh. 4. UP touches (maximum) 8 states viz. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. 5. Assam touches 7 states. 6. Maharastra and Chhatisgarh each share boundaries with 6 states. 7. Southern Hemisphere is warmer than Northern Hemisphere whereas South Pole is coller than North Pole. 8. China shares its boundaries with maximum number of nations (13) in the world. 9. The coldest place of world is Vostak Station inAntarctica. 10. Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are research station ofIndia at Antarctica. 11. Himadri is newly established research station on North Pole

Important International Boundary Lines : 1. Du-rand Line (drawn in 1896) : Pakistan and Afghanistan. 2. Rad-cliff Line (drawn in 1947) : India and Pakistan. 3. Mc. Mohan Line (drawn in 1914) : India and China (Arunachal Pradesh Region).

4. 24th Parallel : Pakistan claims that it is the boundary between India and Pakistan in Rann of Katchh. 5. 17th Parallel : North Vietnam and South Vietnam. 6. 38th Parallel : North Korea and South Korea. 7. 49th Parallel : Canada and USA.

Important Earth Data : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Age of Earth : 4.5 Billion years Mass of Earth : 5.9 x 10^24 kilograms Average Density of Earth : 5.5 gm/cc Radius of Earth : 6,400 kilometers Average Depth of Ocean : 3,730 meters Deepest Ocean Point : 11, 034 meters, Mariana Trench Mean Surface Temperature : 14 degree Centigrade Highest Temperature Recorded : 58 degree Centigrade Orbit Speed about Sun : 29.8 km/s 59 seconds (232659) 11. Time Coordinates of Earth : Longitudes 12. Temperature Coordinates of Earth : Latitudes 13. International Meridian : 0 degree, Greenwich line 14. International Date Line : 180 degree E/W 15. Tropic of Cancer : 23 1/2 degree N 16. Tropic of Capricorn : 23 1/2 degree S 17. Arctic Circle : 66 1/2 degree N 18. Antarctic Circle : 66 1/2 degree S

10. Inclination of Polar Axis from Orbital Plane : 23 degree 26 minutes &

Revolution of Earth :

1. The motion of the earth around thesun completing one revolution in about 365 days and 6 hours is called revolution of earth. 2. The axis of the earth is inclined to the plane of earths orbit at an angle of 66 1/2 degree giving rise to different seasons and varying lengths of day & night. 3. The earths revolution round the sun with its axis inclined at 66 1/2 degree to the plane of earths orbit changes the apparent altitude of the midday sun. 4. The sun is vertically overhead at the equator on 21 September and these two days are termed as equinoxes. March and21

5. On 21 June, the sun is vertically overhead at the Tropic of Cancer (23 1/2 degree N). This is known as summer solstice, when the northern hemisphere will have its longest day and shortest night. 6. On 22 December, the sun is vertically overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn (23 1/2 degree S). This is known as winter solstice when the southern hemisphere will have its longest day and shortest night. 7. Beyond the Arctic Circle (66 1/2 degree N) and Antarctic Circle(66 1/2 degree S) darkness lasts for 6 months and daylight is continuous for the remaining half of the year. 8. Star nearest to sun is Proxima Centauri. 9. The view considering the sun as the center of the solar systemwas given by Copernicus, and is also called the Heliocentric view.

Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop Peanuts are one of the ingredients of dynamite. 49. The first district in India to have telephones in all its villages is (a) Dakshina Kannada (b) Nellore growing.

(c) Gurdaspur (d) Ahmednagar Ans. (a) 46. Kukis belong to which state? (a) Nagaland (b) Tripura (c) Manipur (d) Arunachal Pradesh (e) Mizoram Ans. (c) 44. In which of the following places is Indias second satellite launching station being developed? (a) Sriharikota (b) Trombay (c) Hyderabad (d) Vishakhapatnam (e) Balasore Ans. (e) 43. Which one of the following is known as the Pearl City? (a) Cochin (b) Tuticorin (c) Masulipatnam (d) Rameshwaram Ans. (b) 41. What is the percentage of geographical area of India in the world area? (a) 2.3%

(b) 3.2% (c) 4% (d) 5% Ans. (a) 38. Onge tribe is mainly settled in which of the following States / Union Territories? (a) Bihar (b) Nagaland (c) Lakshadweep (d) Meghalaya (e) Andaman & Nicobar Ans. (d) 35. The first submarine built by India is (a) INS Shalki (b) INS Ganga (c) INS Godavari (d) INS Himgiri Ans. (a) 36. The satellite Aryabhatta was built at (a) Hassan (b) Thumba (c) Bangalore (d) Sriharikota Ans. (c) 26. Which is the most urbanized state in India? (a) Punjab (b) Tamil Nadu

(c) Gujarat (d) Maharashtra Ans. (d) 28. Ghotul, a tribal youth dormitory is found among the (a) Oraon of Bihar (b) Bhutia of West Bengal (c) Garo of North East India (d) M of Madhya Pradesh Ans. (d) 25. In terms of the area of the countries, India ranks in the world. (a) 5th (b) 6th (c) 7th (d) 11th Ans. (c) 23. Which of the following places is not associated with Indias space programme? (a) Bangalore (b) Arvi (c) Trombay (d) Sriharikota Ans. (c) 24. Garo and Khasi tribes are mainly found in (a) Manipur (b) Meghalaya (c) Mizoram (d) Chhota Nagpur

Ans. (b) 20.Which industry in India was worst affected be cause of the partition? (a) Paper and Iron (b) Cotton and Sugar (c) Jute and Cotton (d) Engineering and Cement Ans. (c) 18. Railway rolling stock is not manufactured at (a) Ahmedabad (b) Madras (c) Kapurthala (d) Varanasi Ans. (a) 14. Which of the following states accounts for the largest share of industrial production and capital investment? (a) West Bengal (b) Karnataka (c) Gujarat (d) Maharashtra Ans. (d) 12. Where is the Hindustan Shipyard located? (a) Cochin (b) Vishakhapatnam (c) Bombay (d) Calcutta Ans. (b)

13. The satellite freight city is being developed near which of the following cities? (a) Calcutta (b) Bangalore (c) Kandla (d) Gurgaon (e) New Bombay Ans. (d) 3. A large sized nitrogenous plant based on the gas supplied through HaziraBijapur-Jagdishpur pipeline is being set up at (a) Hazira (b) Bijapur (c) Jagdishpur (d) Babrala Ans. (a) 5. In which industry is sal wood used mostly? (a) Railway sleepers (b) Matches (c) Paper (d) None of these Ans. (a) 6. Which of the following is the principal reason for the concentration of heavy industries in the South Bihar region? (a) Availability of cheap labour (b) Availability of capital (c) Availability of raw materials in the region (d) Nearness to Calcutta Ans. (c)

7. Out of the following, India earns the maximum foreign exchange from the export of (a) leather goods (b) engineering goods (c) handicrafts (d) electronic goods Ans. (c) 8. Kandla, situated on the Gulf of Kachchh, is well known for which of the following? (a) Cutting and polishing of diamonds (b) Export processing zone (c) Centre for marine food products (d) Traditional art and craft centre (e) Ship building industry Ans. (b) 9. The main centre of diamond cutting industry in India is (a) Panna (b) Kolar (c) Surat (d) Agra (e) Jaipur Ans. (e) 31. Indias oldest planetarium is located at (a) Calcutta (b) Bombay (c) Patna (d) Ahmedabad Ans. (a)

Know about atmosphere

The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that surrounds Earth. High above the planet, the atmosphere becomes thinner until it gradually reaches space. It is divided into five layers. Most of the weather and clouds are found in the first layer. The atmosphere is an important reaching Earth. It traps heat, making Earth a comfortable temperature. And the oxygen within our atmosphere is essential for life. The major constituents of air in the atmosphere are Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.93%) and Carbon dioxide (0.03%). Besides water vapour, dust particles, smoke, salts and other impurities are present in air in varying quantities. On the basis of temperature, the atmosphere is divided into five layers:

part of what makes Earth livable. It blocks some of the Suns dangerous rays from 1. Troposphere : It is the lowest layer and lies close to earths surface. The average height is 18 km over equator and 8 km over the poles. It is the zone where all atmospheric processes leading to climatic and weather conditions take place. Temperature decreases with increasing height at the rate of 1C for 165 metres of ascent which is known as normal lapse rate.

2. Stratosphere : The zone separating troposphere from stratosphere is called tropopause. The air temperature at tropopause is about -80C over equator and 45C over the poles. The stratosphere lies beyond the troposphere. This layer extends upward from the tropopause to about 50 km. Ozone layer is present in stratosphere. 3. Mesosphere : It extends up to a height of 80 kilometres over the stratosphere. Temperature decreases with the height and reaches up to -100C.

4. Ionosphere : It is located between 80 kilometres and 400 kilometres. Radiowaves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to earth by this layer. Temperature starts increasing with the height. 5. Exosphere : It is the topmost layer of the atmosphere and extends beyond the ionosphere above a height of 400 kilometres. This layer is extremely rarefied and gradually merges with the outer space.

Diseases (Aliment- Affected Part)

Aliment Affected Part 1. Arthritis - Joints 2. Bronchitis Lungs 3. Carditis Heart 4. Colitis Intestines 5. Cystitis - Urinary Bladder 6. Conjunctivitis Eye 7. Dermatitis Skin 8. Glossitis Tongue 9. Hepatitis Liver 10. Meningitis Brain 11. Myelitis Spinal Chord 12. Nephritis Nerves 13. Otitis Ear 14. Osteomyelitis Bones

15. Peritonitis Abdomen 16. Rhinitis Nose 17. Tonsillitis Throat 18 Thrombophlebitis Blood vessels

The BandraWorli Sea Link (BWSL) also known as the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, is a cable-stayed bridge with pre-stressed concrete-steel viaducts on either side, that links Bandra and the western suburbs of Mumbai with Worli.
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Mountain Ranges : 7 1. The Himalayas 2. The Patkoi and other ranges bordering India in the north and north-east 3. The Vindhyan 4. the Aravalli 5. The Satpura 6. The Sahyadri 7. The Eastern Ghats. Geographical Situation India is the seventh largest and the second most populous nation of the world. It lies between latitudes 84 N and 376 N, and longitudes 687 E and 9725 E. India had a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline of 7,516.6 km. On this 2.4% of earths surface live about 15% of worlds people. India is bounded by seven countries. Physical Characteristics: The mainland consists of four well-defined regions: (1) The great mountain zone (2) The Indo-Gangetic plain (3) The Desert Region (4) The Southern Peninsula Rivers : The rivers of India may be classified as follows: (1) The Himalayan rivers (2) The Deccan rivers (3) The Coastal rivers (4) The rivers of the inland drainage basin Climatic Conditions: The Indian meteorological department recognizes four seasons viz., (1) The Cold Weather (Dec Feb.) (2) The Hot Weather (March May) (3) The Rainy Season (June Sept.) (4) The season of the retreating monsoon (OctNov.) The climatic regions based on rainfall are granted recognition in India.

NATIONAL SYMBOLS National Flag: The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on July 22, 1947. The Flag consists of horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (Kesri), at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. In the centre of the white band, is a wheel in navy blue to represent the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel (Chakra) which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion capital of Ashoka. It has 24 spokes. The ratio of the width to the length of the Flag is ordinarily two to three. Three colours on the National Flag symbolize three ideals saffron for couragu and sacrifice, white for truth and peace, green for faith and chivalry. The Chakra stands for movement. The National Flag, popularly known as tri-colour, came first of all from the All India Congress Committee. State Emblem : The State Emblem adopted by the Government of India on January 26, 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from the view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of there abacus with a pull on the light and a horse on the left and the outlines of the other wheels on the extreme right and left. The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words SatyaMeva Jayate from the Mundaka Upanishad, meaning Truth alone Triumphs, are inscribed below the abacus in the Devanagri script. National Anthem : Composed by Rabindranath Tagore, Jana-gana-mana was adopted as the National Anthem in 24 January, 1950. It was first sung on 27 December, 1911. The complete song consists of five stanzas. National Song: Composed by Bankim Chandra Chatteijee, Vande Mataram was adopted as the National song. National Calendar: The National Calendar to be used for official purpose was introduced from March 22, 1957. The calendar is based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365 days. The dates of the National Calendar have a permanent correspondence with the dates of the Gregorian Calendar. The use of the National Calendar is for the following official purposes (1) Gazette of India; (2) news broadcasts by All India Radio; (3) calendars issued by the Government of India; (4) Government Communications addressed to the members of the public. Months of the National Calendar(1) Chaitra, (2) Vaishakha, (3) Jyaishtha, (4) Ashadha, (5) Shravan,(6) Bhadra, (7) Ashvina, (8) Kartika, (9)Marga-Shirsha, (10) Pausha, (11) Magha, (12)Phalguna. National Animal, Bird and Flower National Animal of India Tiger (symbolises power and gorgeousness) National Bird of India Peacock (symbol of Indian legend, literature, and love songs) National Mower of India Lotus (symbol of Indian Cultare) LARGEST UNION TERRITORIES

Area Rank Union Territories(Sq.km.) Ran Union Territories Area Rank Union Territories Area k (Sq.km.) (Sq.km.) 1 Andaman&Nicobar lslan 8,248 5 Chandigarh 114 ds 2 Delhi 1,483 6. Daman & Diu 112 3 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 491 7. Lakshadweep 32 4 Pondicherry 480 LANGUAGES Official Language The official Language of Union is Hindi in Devanagri Script. By the official language Act, 1963, Provision was ado for the retention of English as an Associated Language after 1965. Regional Languages Indians speak a number of languages and dialects, out of these 22 languages have been specified in the constitution. They are 1. Assamese 2. Bengali 3. Gujarati 4. Hindi 5. Kannada 6. Kashmiri 7. Malayalam 8. Marathi 9. Oriya 10. Punjabi 11. Sanskrit 12. Sindhi Religions Christian Hindu Muslim Parsi Sikh 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Tamil Telugu Nepali Manipuri Konkani Urdu Bodo Santhali Maithili Dogri.

PRINCIPAL RELIGIONS Worship Places Religious Books Church Bible, Temple Vedas, Puran, Mahabharat Mosque Kuran Fire Temple Zend Aveata Gurudwara Guru Granth Sahib

RAINFALL India can be divided into four zones according to rainfall: 1. Wet Zone: Here the minimum rainfall is 200 cms. This includes Meghalaya, Assam, West Bengal and Western coastal strips. 2. Intermediate Zone Here rainfall is between 100 to 200 cms. It includes Orissa, M.P., the Western side of Indian Peninsula and eastern sides of Western Ghats. 3. Dry Zone: Here the rainfall is 50 to 100 cms. It includes Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh. 4. Desert Zone: Here the rainfall is less than 50 cms. It includes Rajasthan and some parts of Haryana.

SOILS OF INDIA Indian soil has been divided into four categories, viz., 1. Alluvial soil, 2. Black soil 3. Red soil 4. Laterite soil. FORESTS IN INDIA The forests in India cover about 20.5% of land and supply valuable timber, firewood, essential oils, resins, lac, dyeing material, source of paper pulp and other materials for commerce and industry. The types of forests are (i) Alpine forests (ii) Temperate forests (iii) Sub-tropical forests (iv) Tropical forests. In area, forests cover about 675.5 lakh hectares. But it is considered that a tropical country like India should have at least 33% of its area under forests to preserve proper climatic conditions.