MNEMONICS

PEDIATRICS

Measles: complications "MEASLES COMP" (complications): Myocarditis Encephalitis Appendicitis Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Laryngitis Early death Sh!ts (diarrhoea) Corneal ulcer Otis media Mesenteric lymphadenitis Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup) Sturge-Weber syndrome: hallmark features Sturge-Weber: 1. Seizures 2. PortWine stain Guthrie card: diseases identified with it "Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism": Galactosaemia Cystic fibrosis Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hypothyroidism Phenylketonuria

Biotidinase deficiency Maple syrup urine disease Croup: symptoms 3 S's: Stridor Subglottic swelling Seal-bark cough Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT): common sign AT: Absent Thymus Cerebral palsy (CP): most likely cause CP: Cerebral Palsy Child Premature The premature brain is more prone to all the possible insults. Vacterl syndrome: components VACTERL: Vertebral anomalies Anorectal malformation Cardiac anomaly Tracheo-esophageal fistula Exomphalos (aka omphalocele) Renal anomalies Limb anomalies Guthrie card: diseases identified with it GUTHRIE: Galactosaemia Urine [maple syrup urine disease] THyRoid [hypothyroidism] Inborn Errors of metabolism [eg: PKU] Duodenal atresia vs. Pyloric stenosis: site of

obstruction Duodenal Atresia: Distal to Ampulla of vater. Pyloric stenosis: Proximal to it. Bilirubin: phototherapy BiLirUbin absorbs light maximally in the BLUe range. 11

Williams syndrome: features WILLIAMS: Weight (low at birth, slow to gain) Iris (stellate iris) Long philtrum Large mouth Increased Ca++ Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses) Mental retardation Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness) Russell Silver syndrome: features ABCDEF: Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy) Bossing (frontal) Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spots Dwarf (short stature) Excretion (GU malformation) Face (triangular face, micrognathia) Dentition: eruption times of permanent dentition "Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine": 1st Molar: 6 years 1st Incisor: 7 years 2nd Incisor: 8 years 1st Premolar: 9 years

2nd Premolar: 10 years Canine: 11 years 2nd Molar: 12 years 3rd Molar: 18-25 years Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types Use your five fingers: 1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel) 2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed) 3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri) 4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra) 5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words) Cyanotic congenital heart diseases 5 T's: Truncus arteriosus Transposition of the great arteries Tricuspid atresia Tetrology of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Head circumference with age Remember 3, 9, and multiples of 5: Newborn 35 cm 3 mos 40 cm 9 mos 45 cm 3 yrs 50 cm 9 yrs 55 cm Weights of children with age Newborn 3 kg 6 mos 6 kg (2x birth wt at 6 mos) 1 yr 10 kg (3x birth wt at 1 yr) 3 yrs 15 kg (odd yrs, add 5 kg until 11 yrs) 5 yrs 20 kg 7 yrs 25 kg

9 yrs 30 kg 11 yrs 35 kg (add 10 kg thereafter) 13 yrs 45 kg 15 yrs 55 kg 17 yrs 65 kg Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components "Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients": Renal failure Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic) Thrombocytopenia Encephalopathy (TTP) Cough (chronic): differential When cough in nursery, rock the "CRADLE": Cystic fibrosis Rings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infections Aspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux) Dyskinetic cilia Lung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction) Edema (heart failure) Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs CF PANCREAS: Chronic cough and wheezing Failure to thrive Pancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea) Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydration Neonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polyps Clubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changes Rectal prolapse Electrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skin

Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens Sputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid) 21

Cystic fibrosis: exacerbation of pulmonary infection CF PANCREAS: Cough (increase in intensity and frequent spells) Fever (usually low grade, unless severe bronchopneumonia is present) Pulmonary function deterioration Appetite decrease Nutrition, weight loss CBC (leukocytosis with left shift) Radiograph (increase overaeration, peribronchial thickening, mucus plugging) Exam (rales or wheezing in previously clear areas, tachypnea, retractions) Activity (decreased, impaired exercise intolerance, increased absenteeism) Sputum (becomes darker, thicker, and more abundant, forming plugs) Pyloric stenosis (congential): presentation Pyloric stenosis is 3 P's: Palpable mass Paristalsis visible Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth) Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types 5 T's: Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the great arteries Truncus arteriosus Tricuspid atresia, pulmonary aTresia Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Breast feeding: benefits ABCDEFGH: Infant: Allergic condition reduced Best food for infant Close relationship with mother Development of IQ, jaws, mouth Mother: Econmical Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus Hemorrhage (postpartum) reduced Perez reflex Eliciting the PErEz reflex will make the baby PEE. WAGR syndrome: components WAGR: Wilm's tumor Aniridia Gential abnormalities Mental retardation Haematuria: differential in children ABCDEFGHIJK: Anatomy (cysts, etc) Bladder (cystitis) Cancer (Wilm's tumour) Drug related (cyclophosphamide) Exercise induced Factitious (Munchausen by proxy) Glomerulonephritis Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell) Infection (UTI) In Jury (trauma) Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)

Vitamin toxicities: neonatal Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic) Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis) Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis) Rubella: congenital signs "Rubber Ducky, I'm so blue!" (like the "Rubber Ducky" song): Rubber: Rubella Ducky: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, VSD and pulmonary artery stenosis. I'm: Eyes (cataracts, retinopathy, micropthalmia, glaucoma). Blue: "Blueberry Muffin" rash (extramedullary hematopoesis in skin +purpura) Also, deafness, growth retardation, and some more. Pediatric milestones in development 1 year: -single words 2 years: -2 word sentences -understands 2 step commands 3 years: -3 word combos -repeats 3 digits -rides tricycle 4 years: -draws square -counts 4 objects 31

Gastroschisis: usual location GasTRoscHIsis usually occurs on the RIGHT side of the umbilicus. (Unscramble the letters). Milk protein: women vs. cows Woman: Whey (mostly) Cow: Casein (mostly) Short stature: differential ABCDEFG: Alone (neglected infant) Bone dysplasias (rickets, scoliosis, mucopolysaccharidoses) Chromosomal (Turner's, Down's) Delayed growth Endocrine (low growth hormone, Cushing's, hypothyroid) Familial GI malabsorption (celiac, Crohn's)