Test 2: Practice Test Summary

1.

PS1-P1x
PS1-P1: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF HYBRIDS: V3-s10 Test 2: Practice Test Summary PS1: Hybrid Configurations & Efficiencies: P12 PS2: Battery Primary Performance Parameters: P11 PS3: Ultra-capacitors & Fuel Cell Eds & PDs: P08 PS4: Battery Secondary Performance Parameters: P13 PS5: Battery Technologies - Compare: P05 PS6: Current Developments - Lithium batteries: P23 Total: P72 Update 2.4, 3/31/10 PS1-REFERENCES: R1: Hybrids1-Configurations.gif R2: Hybrids2-Configurations-and-Efficiecnies.gif R3: Hybrids3-ice-power-vs-rpm.gif Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- Series-hybrid; b- Full-parallel-hybrid; c- Semi-Parallel-hybrid OPTIONS: 1- Electric motor and ICE are connected to the drive-train; peak power is supplied by the combination of the electric motor and the ice 2- Electric motor and ICE are connected to the drive-train; any one can independently supply the required peak power 3- Electric motor is the only one which is connected to the drive-train; Electric motor can independently supply the required peak power Student Response A. 2; 3; 1 B. 1; 2; 3 C. 2; 1; 3 D. 3; 2; 1 E. 1; 3; 2 F. 3; 1; 2 Score: 1/1

2. PS1-P4x
PS1-P4: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS: V3-S10 a- Pure EV or Battery Electric Vehicle BEV;

b- Series-Hybrid OPTIONS: 1- Requires a ALTERNATOR and a Motor 2- Requires a Motor 3- Here off-line battery charging is used 4- Here ICE-charges the battery Student Response A. 2,3; 1,4 B. 2,4; 1,3 C. 3,4; 1,2 D. 1,2; 3,4 E. 1,4; 2,3 F. 1,3; 2,4 Score: 1/1

3. PS1-P2x
PS1-P2: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS: COMPONENTS What is "Drive-Train" OPTIONS: 1- That connects a vehicle's propulsion system to the battery-pack 2- That connects a vehicle's propulsion system to the wheels 3- That connects a vehicle's propulsion system to the fuel cell 4- That connects a vehicle's propulsion system to the Li-Ion battery-pack 5- That connects a vehicle's propulsion system to the ground Student Response A. 3 B. 1 C. 5 D. 2 E. 4 Score: 1/1

4. PS1-P3x
PS1-P3: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS: V3-S10 a- Fully-parallel-hybrid; b- Semi-Parallel-hybrid OPTIONS: 1- Any one, ICE or motor, can be connected to the drive-train to meet vehicle's peak

power demand 2- Both, ICE and motor, are connected at the same time to the drive-train to meet the peak power demand 3- Motor and ICE are 50% smaller in size to that of a standard vehicle 4- Motor and ICE are equal in size to that of a standard vehicle 5- ICE-generated-power is never wasted even if full-power is not transmitted to the drive-train 6- Part of the ICE-generated-power can be wasted if full-power is not transmitted to the drive-train Student Response A. 1,4,6; 2,3,5 B. 1,3,5; 2,4,6 C. 2,3,4; 1,5,6 D. 2,4,6; 1,3,5 E. 3,4,5; 1,2,6 F. 1,3,6; 2,4,5 Score: 1/1

5. PS1-P5x
PS1-P5: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS: V3-S10 For "Fully-parallel-hybrid" & "Semi-Parallel-hybrid", match the listed items to the following: a- ICE and electric motor are connected to ------; b- ----- is connected to Differential OPTIONS: 1- Sun gear 2- Planetary gear Student Response A. 2; 2 B. 1; 1 C. 1; 2 D. 2; 1 Score: 1/1

6. PS1-P8n
PS1-P8n: HYBRID - ICE-RPM Vs ICE power generation efficiency Compute the Peak power utilization factor Fppuf for the listed drive-cycle-3:

Pmax = ice-peak power = 100 kw @ 4000 rpm Drive-cycle-3: H1 = 3.0 hrs; RPM1 = 1500; Epg1_1500 = 0.15 H2 = 0.5 hrs; RPM_idling; Epg2_idling = 0.0 H3 = 1.0 hrs; RPM3 = 6000; Epg3_6000 = 0.10 OPTIONS: 1- 0.10 2- 0.20 3- 0.30 4- 0.40 5- 0.50 6- 0.60 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 2/2

7. PS1-P11n
PS1-P11n: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS & EFFICIENCIES Compute the overall efficiency of the following "Full-Parallel-Hybrid-Vehicle FPHV" Ephv: ICE percentage share-time factor between the drive train and the generator = Ft1 = 0.80; Ft2 = 0.20 Fppuf, peak power utilization factor while ICE is connected to the drive-train (Mode_dt) = 0.6 Erpm = Efficiency of mechanical power generation at non-peak rpm (ICE operating at 2000 rpm) = 0.6 Futil= Utilization factor (only 40% of mechanical power is transmitted to TX, rest wasted) = 0.5 Egen = generator efficiency = 0.30 (30%) Emot = Electric Motor-controller efficiency = 0.90 (90%) Eice = Efficiency of the ice (chemical-to-mechanical) = 0.40 OPTIONS: 1- 0.1 2- 0.3 3- 0.5 4- 0.7 5- 0.9

Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 2/2

8. PS1-P6n
PS1-P6n: HYBRID - ICE-RPM Vs ICE power generation efficiency Compute peak power utilization factor Fppuf for the listed drive-cycle-1: Pmax = ICE peak power @ 4000 rpm = 100 kw Drive-cycle-1: H1 = Running hours = 5 hrs; RPM1 = Average running Operating rpm = 2500 rpm; Epg2500 = Power generation efficiency @ 2500 rpm = 0.32 OPTIONS: 1- 0.10 2- 0.20 3- 0.30 4- 0.40 5- 0.50 6- 0.60 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 2/2

9. PS1-P10n
PS1-P10n: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS & EFFICIENCIES Compute the overall efficiency of a "Series Hybrid Vehicle SHV" Eshv: Given: Egen = The generator or the alternator efficiency = 0.30 Emot = Motor efficiency = 0.94 Ectrl = controller efficiency = 0.96

OPTIONS: 1- 0.1 2- 0.3 3- 0.5 4- 0.7 5- 0.9 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 2/2

10. PS1-P9n
PS1-P9n: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS & EFFICIENCIES: V3-s10 Compute the overall efficiency of a pure EV (battery electric vehicle) Ebev with the following specifications: Emot = Motor efficiency = 0.95 Ectrl = Controller efficiency = 0.97 OPTIONS: 1- 0.90 2- 0.92 3- 0.94 4- 0.96 5- 0.98 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 2/2

11. PS1-P7n
PS1-P7n: HYBRID - ICE-RPM Vs ICE power generation efficiency Compute the Peak power utilization factor Fppuf for the listed

drive-cycle-2: Pmax = ICE peak power = 100 kw @ 4000 rpm Drive-cycle-2: H1 = 3.0 hrs; RPM1 = 1500; Epg1_1500 = 0.15 H2 = 2.0 hrs; RPM2 = 4000; Epg2_4000 = 1.00 H3 = 1.0 hrs; RPM3 = 6000; Epg3_6000 = 0.10 OPTIONS: 1- 0.10 2- 0.20 3- 0.30 4- 0.40 5- 0.50 6- 0.60 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 2/2

12. PS1-P12n
PS1-P12n: HYBRID - CONFIGURATIONS & EFFICIENCIES Compute the efficiency of the following "Series-Parallel Hybrid or Semi-Parallel Hybrid Vehicle SPHV" Esph as compared to a "Full-parallel-hybrid-vehicle": Fppuf, peak power utilization factor while ICE is connected to the drive-train (Mode_dt) = 0.6 Egen = generator efficiency = 0.30 (30%) Emot = Electric Motor-controller efficiency = 0.90 (90%) Eice = Efficiency of ice (chemical-to-mechanical) = 0.40 OPTIONS: 1- 0.20 2- 0.30 3- 0.40 4- 0.50 5- 0.60 6- 0.70 Student Response A. 1 B. 2

C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 2/2

13. PS2-P4x
PS2-P4: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Batteries: For the listed applications, identify which of the following densities should be high: a- Power density; b- Energy Density OPTIONS: 1- Good acceleration 2- To carry heavy loads 3- Long hill-climbs 4- Quick starts 5- Short hill-climbs 6- Large mileage range Student Response A. 1,2,4; 3,5,6 B. 2,4,5; 1,3,6 C. 1,3,4; 2,5,6 D. 1,4,5; 2,3,6 E. 3,5,6; 1,2,4 Score: 1/1

14. PS2-P5x
PS2-P5: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Batteries: For any Electric Vehicle, you would like to have batteries with: OPTIONS: 1- Low power density 2- High power density 3- Low energy density 4- High energy density 5- Low volumetric density 6- High volumetric density Student Response

A. 1; 3; 6 B. 2; 4; 6 C. 2; 3; 6 D. 1; 4; 5 E. 2; 3; 5 Score: 1/1

15. PS2-P10n
PS2-P10n: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Compute the energy density, in wh/kg, for the following battery: Trojan T105: SLA voltage: 6v amp-hrs: 225 ah weight: 28 kg OPTIONS: 1- 10 wh/kg 2- 20 wh/kg 3- 30 wh/kg 4- 40 wh/kg 5- 50 wh/kg 6- 60 wh/kg Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 1/1

16. PS2-P2x
PS2-P3: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 What are the desired values for the following: a- What is the desired maximum vehicle weight; b- What is the desired maximum volume; c- What is the desired maximum cost OPTIONS: 1- (1/2) the weight of the vehicle 2- (1/3) the weight of the vehicle

3- Size of the trunk 4- Size of the gas-tank 5- (1/2) the cost of the vehicle 6- (1/3) the cost of the vehicle Student Response A. 1; 3; 5 B. 2; 4; 6 C. 2; 3; 6 D. 2; 4; 5 E. 2; 3; 5 Score: 1/1

17. PS2-P9n
PS2-P9n: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: BATTERIES: Capacitors/Super capacitors: Compute energy that it can be stored on the following super capacitor, in wh? Super capacitor specifications: C= 3000 F V= 2.7 volts Student Response A. 1.0 wh B. 2.0 wh C. 3.0 wh D. 4.0 wh E. 5.0 kwh Score: 1/1

18. PS2-P3x
PS2-P3: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-s10 Batteries: Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- Power density; b- Energy density; c- Volumetric density OPTIONS: 1- For sustained supply of energy 2- Battery with quick chemical reaction will have this density high 3- Energy for long distances 4- Quick release of energy

5- So that battery pack is not too large to fit into the car 6- So that battery pack to be able to fit into restricted space Student Response A. 1,2; 3,4; 5, 6 B. 2,3; 1,4; 5, 6 C. 2,4; 1,3; 5, 6 D. 1,3; 2,4; 5, 6 E. 3,4; 1,2; 5, 6 Score: 1/1

19. PS2-P6x
PS2-P6: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Batteries: For the following rechargeable batteries, average Energy Densities, in wh/kg, are: a- Super-capacitors; b- Lead Acid; c- NiMH; d- Li-Ion OPTIONS: 1- 5 wh/kg 2- 40 wh/kg 3- 80 wh/kg 4- 160 wh/kg 5- 320 wh/kg 6- 640 wh/kg 7- 1280 wh/kg Student Response A. 2; 3; 4; 5 B. 3; 4; 5; 6 C. 5; 6; 7; 7 D. 1; 2; 3; 4 E. 4; 5; 6; 7 Score: 1/1

20. PS2-P1x
PS2-P1: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Batteries: Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- Power density;

b- Energy density; c- Volumetric density; d- Cost density OPTIONS: 1- wh/kg 2- w/kg 3- wh/$ 4- wh/lit Student Response A. 1; 2; 3; 4 B. 2; 1; 4; 3 C. 1; 2; 4; 3 D. 2; 1; 3; 4 E. 3; 4; 1; 2 Score: 1/1

21. PS2-P7x
PS2-P7: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-10 Batteries: Match the power density characteristics for the following type of storage devices: a- Power density of: Super-capacitors; b- Power density of: Li-Ion; c- Power density of: NiMH; d- Power density of: Lead Acid OPTION1: 1- a > b > c > d 2- a < b < c < d 3- a = b = c = d Student Response A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 Score: 1/1

22. PS2-P8x
PS2-P8: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Match the listed synonyms to the following: a- Energy density (ED); b- Power density (PD);

c- Volumetric energy density (VD) OPTIONS: 1- Specific power (SP) 2- Specific energy (SE)/Gravimetric Energy Density 3- To fit into the restricted space 4- wh kg-1 5- wh lit-1 6- w kg-1 Student Response A. 3,6; 2,4; 1,5 B. 2,5; 1,4 3,6 C. 1,4; 2,5; 3,6 D. 3,4; 2,5; 1,6 E. 2,4; 1,6; 3,5 Score: 1/1

23. PS2-P11n
PS2-P11n: Ev-hev-fcev battery's primary performance requirements: V3-S10 Compute the volumetric density, in wh/liter, for the following battery: Trojan T105: SLA voltage: 6v amp-hrs: 225 ah size cm3: 26.4 cm x 18.1 cm x 27.6 cm Note: 1000 cm3 = 1 liter OPTIONS: 1- 20 wh/lit 2- 40 wh/lit 3- 60 wh/lit 4- 80 wh/lit 5- 100 wh/lit 6- 120 wh/lit Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 Score: 1/1

24. PS3-P4n
PS3-P4n: Super-capacitors or Ultra-capacitors: v3 Find the size of a super-capacitor cell-stack that is suitable for an automotive application to give power boost for TWO-miles. Given: Power consumption = 0.22 wh/mile/kg Cell voltage of the individual super capacitor = 3.0 volts Working voltage (series-cell-stack) = 120 V DC acceleration-distance = 2 miles Car weight = 1200 kg Design the "super-capacitor-series-cell-stack" or simply cell-stack: a- The number of cells N; b- Size of each cell C, in farads OPTION a: 1- 40 2- 50 3- 60 OPTION b: 4- 1k F 5- 5k F 6- 10k F Student Response A. 1; 4 B. 1; 5 C. 1; 6 D. 2; 5 E. 3; 6 Score: 1/1

25. PS15-P7n
PS3-P7n: Super-capacitors OR Ultra-capacitors: v3 SUPERCAPACITORS: CHARGE CAPACITY Find how much energy, in percentage, a 2.8 volt/3000F super-capacitor can store compared to a 2.3V/3000F super-capacitor? OPTIONS: 1- 5% 2- 10% 3- 30% 4- 50% 5- 70%

Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 1/1

26. PS3-P1x
PS3-P1: Super-capacitors or Ultra-capacitors: V3 SUPERCAPACITORS: Identify if the following statements relating to the super capacitor or ultra-capacitor are True T or False F? a- Have extremely low surface areas; b- Have extremely thin electrolyte (dielectric medium); c- Have capacitance of the order of micro-farads; d- Very suitable for power boost for short time-period; e- Ideal for absorbing energy generated from regenerative braking in EVs Student Response A. T; F; F; T; T B. F; T; F; T; T C. T; F; T; T; T D. F; F; T; F; F E. F; T; T: T; F Score: 1/1

27. PS3-P3x
PS3-P3: ULTRACAPACITORS: ED & PDs: v3 SUPERCAPACITORS: Match the listed "typical super capacitors values" to the following parameters: a- Surface area A; b- Dielectric thickness d; OPTIONS a: 1- 100s of square meters per gram 2- 1000s of square meters per gram OPTIONS b: 3- Fraction of a nano-meter (of the order of 0.1 nm) 4- Fraction of a micro-meter (of the order of 0.1 micro-meter) Student Response

A. 1; 3 B. 1; 4 C. 2; 3 D. 2; 4 E. 2; 3 Score: 1/1

28. PS3-P8n
PS3-P8n: Ultra-capacitors & Fuel Cells: V3 Compute the following for the listed fuel cell system: a- Total energy capacity, in kwh; b- Energy Density ED, in kwh/kg FUEL CELL: Fuelcellstore.com: Fuel Cell H5000 Wattage = 5000 Watts Fuel Cell weight = 17 kg Fuel consumption = 84L @8 psi/min Cost = $15,000 Volume = 28 Liters COMPRESSED HYDROGEN STORAGE TANK: EC180 Pressure = 7200 psi Weight = 45 kg Volume = 80 liters OPTIONS: a 1- 50 kwh 2- 60 kwh 3- 70 kwh OPTIONS: b 4- 0.5 kwh/kg 5- 1.0 kwh/kg 6- 1.5 kwh/kg Student Response A. 1; 4 B. 2; 5 C. 3; 4 D. 3; 6 E. 3; 5 Score: 1/1

29. PS3-P6n

PS3-P6n: Super-capacitors SC or Ultra-capacitors UC: V3 Compute the Power Density, in W/kg, for the following super-capacitor BCAP3000: Maxwell (maxwell.com) 1- BCAP3000: Single cell 2- Capacitance, in Farads F: 3000 Farads 3- Individual Cell voltage V: 2.7 volts 4- Cell weight W, in kg: 0.51 kg 5- DC-resistance Rdc: 0.29 milli-ohms Note: Power density, watts/kg, for an Ultra-capacitor is given by: PD = 0.12 * W * V^2 / Rdc; where W in kg, Rdc in ohms, and V in volts OPTIONS: 1- 500 w/kg 2- 1000 w/kg 3- 1500 w/kg 4- 2000 w/kg 5- 2500 w/kg Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 1/1

30. PS3-P2x
PS15-P2: Super-capacitors OR Ultra-capacitors: V3 SUPERCAPACITORS: Match the listed "typical super capacitors values" to the following parameters: a- Energy Density ED; b- Power Density PD; c- Capacitance C; d- Cell voltage V OPTIONS a: 1- 5 Wh/kg 2- 1.5 kWh/kg OPTIONS b: 3- 5 W/Kg 4- 1.5 kW/kg OPTIONS c: 5- 100s of farads 6- 1000s of farads

OPTIONS d: 7- 2.3-to-3.0 volts 8- 0.6-to-0.9 volts Student Response A. 1; 4; 6; 7 B. 2; 4; 6; 8 C. 1; 4; 6; 8 D. 1; 3; 5; 7 E. 1; 4; 5; 7 Score: 1/1

31. PS3-P5n
PS3-P5n: Super-capacitors OR Ultra-capacitors: V3 AUTOMOTIVE SUPERCAPACITORS: Compute the following for the listed automotive super-capacitor (BMOD2600-96): a- Total energy capacity, in wh; b- Energy Density ED, in wh/kg Maxwell (maxwell.com): BMOD2600-96 automotive super-capacitor module 1- Number of capacitors in series N = 36 2- Capacitance of the module Cmod Cmod = 2600/36 = 72.22 = 72 F 3- Individual Cell voltage V 2.7 4- Total module voltage (2.7*36) 97.2 V = 96 V 5- module weight, in kg Wmod = 26 kg Volume in Liter-cube 13.4 liter3 6- Size (Length/Width/Thickness, in m) 0.42m/0.16m/0.20m OPTIONS a: 1- 25-50 Wh 2- 50-75 Wh 3- 75-100 Wh OPTIONS b: 4- 1 Wh/kg 5- 5 Wh/kg 6- 10 h/kg Student Response A. 1; 4 B. 2; 5 C. 3; 4 D. 3; 6 E. 3; 5 Score: 1/1

32. PS4-P4x
PS4-P4: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 BATTERIES - SECONDARY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS: Match the listed descriptions to the following: a- Cell-discharge-curves; b- Cell-Performance-Vs-Temperature characteristic; c- Cell-Internal-Impedance-Vs-Temperature characteristic; OPTIONS: 1- For a bad battery-cell, cell-voltage decreases as it gets discharged 2- For a bad battery-cell, cell-voltage increases as it gets discharged 3- In most cases, battery performance degrades as temperature falls 4- In most cases, battery performance improves as temperature falls 5- Battery's internal impedance increases with decreasing temperature 6- Battery's internal impedance decreases with decreasing temperature Student Response A. 2; 4; 6 F; 2; 3; 5 B. 1; 3; 5 C. 1; 4; 5 D. 1; 3; 6 E. 1; 4; 6 Score: 1/1

33. PS4-P11n
PS4-P11n: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 DISCHARGE RATES & PEUKERT EQUATION For the battery with the following specifications: Initial battery capacity E0_in_kwh = 25 kwh; Battery characteristic Peukert number n = 1.3 Battery pack voltage = 100 VDC Compute the amount of energy, in kwh, that remains in the battery (State of Charge SOC) pack after the following discharges: a- Discharge1: 100 amps for 0.5 hours; b- Discharge2: 200 amps for 0.25 hours Assume initial capacity is 25 kwh in both cases. Also assume that the battery pack voltage is constant throughout the discharge cycle at 100 VDC. OPTIONS: 1- 1 kwh 2- 5 kwh

3- 10 kwh 4- 15 kwh 5- 20 kwh Student Response A. 2; 4 B. 1; 3 C. 5; 3 D. 2; 1 E. 4; 2 Score: 1/1

34. PS4-P8x
PS4-P8: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 DISCHARGE RATES & PEUKERT EQUATION: Match the listed descriptions to the following: A battery that has: a- Peukert number n = 1.0; b- Peukert number n = 1.2; c- Peukert number n = 1.5 OPTIONS: 1- Battery with worst performance characteristics 2- Ideal battery with no losses of any kind 3- Battery with average performance characteristics Student Response A. 3; 1; 2 B. 2; 1; 3 C. 1; 3; 2 D. 2; 3; 1 E. 1; 2; 3 Score: 1/1

35. PS4-P7x
PS4-P7: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp) Match the listed descriptions to the following: a- Cycle Life b- Depth of Discharge (DoD) OPTIONS: a 1- The cycle life is defined as the number of cycles a cell can perform before its capacity

drops to 80% of its initial specified capacity2- The cycle life is defined as the number of cycles a cell can perform before its capacity drops to 50% of its initial specified capacityOPTINS: b 3- The number of cycles yielded by a battery goes down exponentially, if you discharge the battery only a little - to a very low-level of DOD 4- The number of cycles yielded by a battery goes down exponentially, if you discharge the battery fully - to a higher-level of DOD Student Response A. 2; 3 B. 1; 4 C. 1; 3 D. 2; 4 Score: 1/1

36. PS4-P3x
PS4-P3: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 BATTERY DISCHAGE RATE C: Match the listed descriptions to the following: a- High-discharge rate means; b- SAE-standard battery discharge rate: format 1; c- SAE-standard battery discharge rate: format 2 OPTIONS: a 1- High currents 2- Low currents OPTIONS: b 4- 0.50C 5- 0.05C 6- 0.20C OPTIONS: c 7- C/5 8- C/2 9- C/20 Student Response A. 2; 6; 8 B. 1; 5; 9 C. 1; 5; 8 D. 2; 4; 9 E. 1; 5; 7 Score: 1/1

37. PS4-P9x
PS4-P9: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 RAGONE PLOTS: Select all that apply OPTIONS: 1- Energy density decreases with increasing power density 2- Energy density increases with increasing power density 3- Energy density decreases at higher discharge rates 4- Energy density increases at higher discharge rates 5- Energy density decrease at higher discharge rates is more dominant in batteries with higher Peukert number n 6- Energy density decrease at higher discharge rates is more dominant in batteries with lower Peukert number n Student Response A. 1; 4; 5 B. 1; 4; 6 C. 2; 4; 6 D. 2; 3; 5 E. 1; 3; 6 F. 1; 3; 5 Score: 1/1

38. PS4-P12n
PS4-P12n: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 DISCHARGE RATES & PEUKERT EQUATION & RAGONE PLOTS Find the energy density, in wh/kg, of the following battery at the specified discharge rates: Initial battery capacity E0_in_ah = 10 ah; Battery voltage = 12 vdc Peukert exponent = 1.3 Weight = 4 kg Assume that the battery pack voltage is constant throughout the discharge cycle. a- Find energy density, in wh/kg, at 0.1C-discharge-rate; b- Find energy density, in wh/kg, at 1C-discharge-rate; c- Find energy density, in wh/kg, at 10C-discharge-rate OPTIONS: 1- 3.75 wh/kg 2- 7.50 wh/kg 3- 15.0 wh/kg 4- 20.0 wh/kg 5- 25.0 wh/kg 6- 30.0 wh/kg

Student Response A. 5; 3; 1 B. 6; 4; 2 C. 5; 3; 1 D. 5; 3; 2 E. 6; 3; 1 F. 6; 3; 2 Score: 0/1

39. PS4-P6x
PS4-P6: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 Match the listed descriptions to the following: a- Peukert Equation; b- Ragone Plots OPTIONS: 1- Gives energy consumed in one hour, in ah, for a given discharge current I and for a given battery Peukert exponent n 2- Gives energy consumed in one hour, in wh, for a given discharge voltage V and for a given battery Peukert exponent n 3- It is a discharge-rate vs energy density; it shows that at higher discharge rates the energy density decreases 4- It is a discharge-rate vs energy density; it shows that at higher discharge rates the energy density increases Student Response A. 1; 4 B. 2; 3 C. 1; 3 D. 2; 4 Score: 1/1

40. PS4-P2x
PS4-P2: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 BATTERY DISCHAGE RATE C: Match the listed descriptions to the following: For a "10-ah" battery: a- 0.05C discharge refers to; b- 0.1C discharge refers to; c- 1C discharge refers to; d- 20C discharge refers to OPTIONS:

1- Discharging current at 0.5 amp 2- Discharging current at 1 amp 3- Discharging current at 5 amp 4- Discharging current at 10 amp 5- Discharging current at 20 amp 6- Discharging current at 200 amp Student Response A. 1; 2; 4; 6 B. 3; 4; 5; 6 C. 1; 2; 5; 6 D. 3; 4; 6; 5 E. 1; 3; 4; 6 Score: 1/1

41. PS4-P1x
PS4-P1: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 BATTERIES - SECONDARY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS: Identify the secondary performance parameters of the batteries: REFERENCES: Spring 2010: Documents R1-to-R7: Battery-SPP0-SPP1-SPP2-SPP3-SPP4-SPP5-SPP6-SPP7.gif R8: Battery-SPP8.xls OPTIONS: 1- Cell-discharge-curves 2- Cell-performance Vs Temperature 3- Energy density 4- Internal impedance 5- Self discharge 6- Peukert Equation 7- Ragone Plots 8- Cycle Life 9- Depth of Discharge 10- Power density 11- Memory effect Student Response A. 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11 B. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11 C. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 D. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10 E. 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11 Score: 1/1

42. PS4-P5x
PS4-P5: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 BATTERIES - SECONDARY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS: Match the listed descriptions to the following: Cell-Self-Discharge: Select all that are True OPTIONS: 1- A battery cell's self-discharge increases with increasing-temperature 2- A battery cell's self-discharge decreases with increasing-temperature 3- A measure of how quickly the cell looses the energy 4- A measure of how quickly the cell gains the energy Student Response A. 2; 3 B. 1; 4 C. 2; 4 D. 1; 3 Score: 1/1

43. PS4-P10x
PS4-P10: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): v3-S10 MEMORY EFFECT: What is memory effect (or Voltage Depression)? OPTIONS: 1- In a battery cell with memory effect, if most of the previous DoDs were 70%; then the current cycle DoD cannot be lower than 70%. 2- In a battery cell with memory effect, if most of the previous DoDs were 70%; then the current cycle DoD cannot be lower than 30%. 3- In a battery cell with memory effect, if most of the previous DoDs were 30%; then the current cycle DoD cannot be lower than 70%. 4- In a battery cell with memory effect, if most of the previous DoDs were 30%; then the current cycle DoD cannot be lower than 30%. Student Response A. 1; 3 B. 2; 4 C. 1; 4 D. 2; 3 Score: 1/1

44. PS4-P13n

PS4-P13n: Batteries -- Secondary performance parameters (spp): V3-S10 DISCHARGE RATES & PEUKERT EQUATION & RAGONE PLOTS Determine the amount of energy depleted, in ah, from the following two battery systems in 2-hours at the same discharge rate of 50-amps. a- Lead acid battery with Peukert expent of 1.3; b- Lithium-Ion battery with Peukert expent of 1.05 OPTIONS: 1- 50 ah 2- 100 ah 3- 150 ah 4- 200 ah 5- 250 ah 6- 300 ah Student Response A. 6; 3 B. 5; 2 C. 4; 1 D. 6; 2 E. 6; 1 F. 5; 1 Score: 0/1

45. PS5-P5n
PS5-P5n: Batteries for electric vehicles: V3-S10 BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: For car that consumes 0.20 kwh/mile with a mileage requirement of 100 miles, compute cost of the following battery packs: a- Lead-Acid battery pack; b- Li-polymer battery pack Assume: Cost of Lead-acid battery technology is: $100 / kwh Cost of Li-polymer battery technology is: $1,000 / kwh OPTIONS: 1- $1k 2- $2k 3- $10k 4- $20k Student Response A. 1; 3 B. 1; 4

C. 2; 3 D. 2; 4 Score: 1/1

46. PS5-P3x
PS5-P3: Batteries for electric vehicles: V3-S10 BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES a- The battery technology that requires minimal charging time of about 3 hours; b- The battery technology that requires maximum charging time of about 8 hours OPTIONS: 1- Pb-Acid 2- NiMH 3- Li-Ion Student Response A. 3; 1 B. 1; 2 C. 2; 3 D. 3; 2 E. 1; 3 F. 2; 1 Score: 0/1

47. PS5-P4x
PS5-P4: Batteries for electric vehicles BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: For a two battery electric vehicle match the listed descriptions to the following: a- Mileage b- Acceleration c- Acceleration-duration d- Size of the electric motor, in kW OPTIONS: 1- Primary battery: Energy Density: ED1 2- Primary battery: Power Density: PD1 3- Secondary (peak-power) battery: Energy Density: ED2 4- Secondary (peak-power) battery: Power Density: PD2 Note: At start, when maximum power is drawn, the primary battery is cut-off Student Response A. 1; 4; 4; 3

B. 4; 1; 2; 3 C. 2; 4; 1; 2 D. 1; 3; 4; 3 E. 1; 4; 3; 4 Score: 1/1

48. PS6-P13n
PS6-P13n: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Compare Lithium-cells: Computing-Technology-Metric The following lithium battery technologies have the listed characteristics: Battery-Technolgy1: Cost = 5.0; Temperature range = 3.0; Cycle life = 2.0 Battery-Technolgy2: Cost = 3.0; Temperature range = 4.0; Cycle life = 5.0 Battery-Technolgy3: Cost = 4.0; Temperature range = 5.0; Cycle life = 3.0 ASSUME 5.0 considered the BEST; and 1.0 the WORST. If Cost, Temperature range, and Cycle life are the only considered for selection of the battery technology; which is considered the best battery technology? Assume: cost factors have equal weightages; 5.0 considered the best and 1.0 the worst. OPTIONS: 1- Battery-Technolgy1 2- Battery-Technolgy2 3- Battery-Technolgy3 Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 Score: 2/2

49. PS6-P16n
PS6-P16n: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Current Status GM-Chevy-Volt has the following Lithium-battery-pack: Total energy content = 16 kwh Mileage = 40 miles per charge Vehicle weight = 1600 kg a- compute vehicle energy consumption constant Ec1, in wh mile-1 kg-1 b- compute vehicle energy consumption constant Ec2, in wh mile-1 lb-1 Note: wh mile-1 kg-1: energy consumption in watt-hours per mile per kg wh mile-1 lb-1: energy consumption in watt-hours per mile per pound OPTIONS: 1- 0.1 wh mile-1 kg-1

2- 0.2 wh mile-1 kg-1 3- 0.4 wh mile-1 kg-1 4- 0.6 wh mile-1 kg-1 5- 0.8 wh mile-1 kg-1 6- 0.05 wh mile-1 lb-1 7- 0.1 wh mile-1 lb-1 8- 0.2 wh mile-1 lb-1 9- 0.3 wh mile-1 lb-1 10- 0.4 wh mile-1 lb-1 Student Response A. 1; 6 B. 2; 7 C. 3; 8 D. 4; 9 E. 5; 10 Score: 2/2

50. PS6-P9x
PS6-P9: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: anode/cathode/electrolyte materials Cathode materials: compared with other lithium-based-cells, LiFePO4-cell has the following characteristics: Select all that apply OPTIONS: 1- It has the lowest cell voltage 2- It has the highest cell voltage 3- It has almost the highest energy density 4- It has almost the lowest energy density 5- It is one the least safe cell 6- It is one the safest cell Student Response A. 1; 3; 5 B. 1; 3; 6 C. 2; 3; 5 D. 1; 4; 5 E. 1; 4; 6 F. 2; 3; 6 Score: 2/2

51. PS6-P14n

PS6-P14n: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Compare Lithium-cells: Computing-Technology-Metric The following lithium battery technologies have the listed characteristics: Battery-Technolgy4: Cost = 2.0; Energy density = 4.0; Cycle life = 4.0 Battery-Technolgy5: Cost = 4.0; Energy density = 3.0; Cycle life = 3.0 Battery-Technolgy6: Cost = 5.0; Energy density = 2.0; Cycle life = 1.0 ASSUME 5.0 considered the BEST; and 1.0 the WORST. If: Cost: 5.0 = cost per kwh = $500/kwh Energy Density: 5.0 = wh per kg = 300 wh/kg Cycle life 5.0: Number of charge discharge cycles = 2000 cycles a- Find "Cost" of Battery-Technolgy4; b- Find "Energy Density" of Battery-Technolgy5; c- Find "Cycle life" of Battery-Technolgy6 OPTIONS: 1- $500/kwh 2- $1000/kwh 3- $2000/kwh 4- 100 wh/kg 5- 200 wh/kg 6- 300 wh/kg 7- 200 cycles 8- 500 cycles 9- 1000 cycles Student Response A. 1; 4; 7 B. 2; 5; 8 C. 3; 6; 9 D. 1; 5; 8 E. 2; 5; 7 Score: 2/2

52. PS6-P10x
PS6-P10: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: anode/cathode/electrolyte materials Anode materials: identify anode material that is not toxic and good for the environment. OPTIONS: 1- Fe 2- Ni 3- Co 4- Cd 5- Pb

Student Response A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1 E. 4 Score: 2/2

53. PS6-P11x
PS6-P11: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Compare Lithium-cells: Computing-Technology-Metric Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- Battery cycle life; b- Battery shelf life; c- Battery calendar life OPTIONS: 1- is the elapsed time before a battery becomes unusable whether it is in active use or inactive as above. 2- is defined as the number of complete charge - discharge cycles a battery can perform before its nominal capacity falls below 80% of its initial rated capacity. 3- is the time an inactive battery can be stored before it becomes unusable, usually considered as having only 80% of its initial capacity as above Student Response A. 3; 2; 1 B. 1; 3; 2 C. 2; 3; 1 D. 1; 2; 3 E. 2; 1; 3 F. 3; 1; 2 Score: 2/2

54. PS6-P12x
PS6-P12: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Compare Lithium-cells: Computing-Technology-Metric What is safety issue in Lithium-batteries: Select all that apply OPTIONS: 1- Costing too much money to buy it 2- Suffering from thermal runaway and cell rupture if overheated or if charged to an excessively high voltage.

3- Having too low energy density 4- Irreversible damage if discharged below a certain voltage. 5- Having too low power density Student Response A. 1; 2 B. 2; 3 C. 1; 4 D. 2; 4 E. 2; 5 F. 1; 3 Score: 2/2

55. PS6-P2x
PS6-P2: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Basic Cell Operation The function of Electrolyte (or separator) in a Li-Ion battery is: It is an Ionic-conductor that lets: OPTIONS: 1- Ni+ to go through but blocks electron e2- Mn+ to go through but blocks electron e3- Co+ to go through but blocks electron e4- N-Mn-Co-alloy+ to go through but blocks electron e5- Li+ to go through but blocks electron eStudent Response A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 2 E. 1 Score: 2/2

56. PS6-P3x
PS6-P3: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Basic Cell Operation Charge and discharge states: For a LiFePO4 battery, Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- anode and cathode when battery is in fully-charged state b- anode and cathode when battery is in fully-discharged state; OPTIONS: 1- anode/cathode: C6/LiFePO4

2- anode/cathode: C6/Li1-xFePO4 3- anode/cathode: LiC6/Li1-xFePO4 4- anode/cathode: LiC6/LiFePO4 Student Response A. 1' 4 B. 3; 1 C. 3; 2 D. 2; 3 E. 1; 2 F. 1; 3 Score: 2/2

57. PS6-P19x
PS6-P19: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION The Li-Ion battery manufacturer that GM had selected for its next year's Plug-in hybrid (Chevy-volt) is: OPTIONS: 1- A123 Systems-USA 2- Yuasa-Japan 3- Valence-USA 4- BYD-China 5- LG-Chem-South Korea Student Response A. 5 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2 E. 4 Score: 2/2

58. PS6-P6x
PS6-P6: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: anode/cathode/electrolyte materials Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- anode-materials; b- cathode-materials; c- electrolyte-materials OPTIONS: 1- lithium-salts, ethylene carbonate

2- Li-carbon, Li-graphite, Li-Titanate, Li-Silicon, Li-Germanium 3- LiFePO4 LFP, LiNiO2 LNO, LiCoO2 LCO, LiMnO2 LMO Student Response A. 2; 3; 1 B. 3; 1; 2 C. 1; 2; 3 D. 2; 1; 3 E. 1; 3; 2 F. 3; 2; 1 Score: 2/2

59. PS6-P8n
PS6-P8n: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: anode/cathode/electrolyte materials Basic cell voltage: The polarization voltages for the cathode materials are: LiFePO4 LFP: 3.3 volts LiNiO2 LNO: 3.5 volts LiCoO2 LCO: 3.7 volts LiMnO2 LMO: 4.0 volts The polarization voltages for the anode materials are: Lithium-graphite LG LiC6: -0.2 volts Lithium-Titanate LT Li4Ti5O12: -2.0 volts Lithium-Silicon LSi Li4Si: -1.0 volts Lithium-Germanium LGe Li4Ge: -1.2 volts Lithium-TitanateLi4Ti5O12: -2.0 volts Find the basic cell voltage for a LiFePO4 battery cell with Lithium-Germanium LGe anode: OPTIONS: 1- -4.5 volts 2- -3.3 volts 3- +2.1 volts 4- +3.3 volts 5- +4.5 volts Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Score: 2/2

60. PS6-P4x
PS6-P4: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Basic Cell Operation Basic cell voltage depends on: Select all that apply. OPTIONS: 1- anode polarization voltage 2- cathode polarization voltage 3- electrolyte or separator polarization voltage 4- load current 5- load voltage Student Response A. 3, 5 B. 1, 2 C. 1, 3 D. 1, 4 E. 2, 3 F. 2, 4 Score: 2/2

61. PS6-P15n
PS6-P15n: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Current Status Compute the COMBINED AVERAGE energy density, in wh/kg, of the following two Lithium-battery-packs: ED1: GM-Chevy-Volt Lithium-battery-pack: Total energy content = 16 kwh Battery-pack-weight = 170 kg ED2: Tesla-Roadster Lithium-battery-pack: Total energy content = 53 kwh Battery-pack-weight = 450 kg OPTIONS: 1- 25 wh/kg 2- 50 wh/kg 3- 100 wh/kg 4- 200 wh/kg 5- 400 wh/kg Student Response A. 1 B. 2 C. 3

D. 4 E. 5 Score: 2/2

62. PS6-P22x
PS6-P22: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION Li-Ion technology which is used most used by the current manufacturers is: OPTIONS: 1- Lithium Cobalt Oxide LiCoO2 2- Lithium Manganese Oxide LiMnO2 3- Lithium Nickel Oxide LiNiO2 4- Lithium Iron Phosphate - LiFePO4 Student Response A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1 Score: 2/2

63. PS6-P23x
PS6-P23: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: The energy density of the current Li-ion-family-battery technologies is around: OPTIONS: 1- 50 wh/kg 2- 100 wh/kg 3- 150 wh/kg 4- 200 wh/kg 5- 300 wh/kg Student Response A. 3 B. 6 C. 2 D. 4 E. 5 F. 1 Score: 2/2

64. PS6-P17x
PS6-P17: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: The battery technology to be used in next year's EVs and Plug-in-Hybrids is: OPTIONS: 1- Lithium-Ion Family Batteries 2- Lead Acid Batteries 3- NiMH Batteries 4- Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) Student Response A. D B. 2 C. 1 D. 3 Score: 2/2

65. PS6-P21x
PS6-P21: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION The four Li-Ion and Li-Ion-family of batteries are: OPTIONS: 1- Lithium Cobalt Oxide LiCoO2 2- Lithium Manganese Oxide LiMnO2 3- Lithium Nickel Oxide LiNiO2 4- Lithium Iron Phosphate - LiFePO4 5- Lithium Lead oxide LiPbO2 Student Response A. 1,3,4,5 B. 1,2,3,5 C. 1,2,3,4 D. 1,2,4,5 E. 2,3,4,5 Score: 2/2

66. PS6-P7x
PS6-P7: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: anode/cathode/electrolyte materials Special requirements for the electrolyte of a lithium-battery-cell: The "Electrolyte" of a Lithuim-Ion battery must be: select all that apply OPTIONS: 1- must be an aqueous solution

2- must be an non-aqueous solution 3- else it will be electrolyzed 4- else it will be synthesized Student Response A. 1; 3 B. 2; 3 C. 2; 4 D. 1; 4 Score: 2/2

67. PS6-P1x
PS6-P1: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Basic Cell Operation PS6: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: LITHIUM BATTERIES: total 23 LB1-Lithium-Batteries: Basic Cell Operation: 5 LB2-Lithium-Batteries: Cell materials: 5 LB3-Lithium-Batteries: Computing Technology Metric: 4 LB4-Lithium-Batteries: Current status: 2 LB5-LITHIUM-Batteries: Other 7 Google-Images: "Lithium battery cell anode cathode materials" Match the listed descriptions for the following: Lithium Battery Cell: a- anode; b- cathode; c- electrolyte OPTIONS: 1- Lithium salts 2- Carbon or graphite 3- Lithium-metal-oxide(or phosphate) Student Response A. 1; 3; 2 B. 1; 2; 3 C. 3; 2; 1 D. 2; 3; 1 E. 2; 1; 3 F. 3; 1; 2 Score: 2/2

68. PS6-P18x

PS6-P18: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: Match the listed descriptions to the following -Li-Ion-family battery manufacturers for EVs: a- USA; b- Japan; c- South-Korea; d- China OPTIONS: 1- BYD 2- LG-Chem 3- A123 Systems/Valence 4- Yuasa Student Response A. 3; 4; 2; 1 B. 4; 3; 1; 2 C. 3; 2; 4; 1 D. 1; 3; 2; 4 E. 3; 4; 1; 2 F. 2; 3; 4; 1 Score: 2/2

69. PS6-P20x
PS6-P20: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION Match the listed descriptions to the following: The Li-Ion battery manufacturer located in: a- Austin, Texas; b- Watertown, Massachusetts OPTIONS: 1- LG-Chem 2- A123Systems 3- Valence 4- Yuasa Student Response A. 4; 3 B. 3; 4 C. 4; 1 D. 3; 1 E. 3; 2 F. 4; 2

Score:

2/2

70. PS6-P5x
PS6-P5: LITHIUM-BATTERIES: Basic Cell Operation Charge, discharge states Match the listed descriptions for the following: a- While discharging: anode-transitional state; b- While discharging: cathode-transitional state OPTIONS: 1- LiC6 => 6C + xLi+ + xe2- 6C + xLi+ + xe- => LiC6 3- Li1-xFePO4 + xli+ + xe- => LiFePO4 4- LiFePO4 + xli+ + xe- => Li1-xFePO4 Student Response A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 3, 5 D. 1, 4 E. 1, 3 F. 2, 4 Score: 2/2