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URREA, TERESA
Support TSHA URREA,TERESA (18731906). Teresa Urrea (Nia de Cabora, Santa Teresa, Teresita, La Santa), healer and political figure, was born Nia Garca Noa Mara Rebecca Chvez on October 15, 1873, in Rancho de Santana, Ocoroni, Sinaloa, Mexico, the illegitimate daughter of Toms Urrea and Cayetana Chvez. Her father was a well-to-do rancher and political liberal; her mother, a Tehueco Indian in the employ of Don Toms, was only fourteen when she had Teresa. Accounts of Teresa's childhood differ somewhat, but she apparently attended school briefly at age nine and learned to read. An old Indian woman named Mara Sonora, who is said to have been a curandera, taught Teresa about curing various ailments with herbs (see CURANDERISMO). In 1880 Urrea moved his family to Cabora, Sponsorships Advertising SupporttheHandbook! TSHA Membership Annual Meeting Annual Fund

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Sonora, in order to escape political reprisals from the dictator Porfirio Daz. During her first few months at Cabora, Teresa fell into a cataleptic state that lasted three months and eighteen days. After recovering she began performing healings by laying her hands on the sick and crippled. Word of miraculous cures spread rapidly, and within a short time thousands of pilgrims made the journey to Cabora. Many of those seeking relief for their ailments were poor Indians, and Teresa, who asked no

July 15, 1852 Unhappycolonistsstart"war"and evictHedgcoxe On this day in 1852, settlers of the Peters Colony met to protest

money to perform healings, became a symbol of hope for the downtrodden. Her simple message of justice inspired a series of rebellions in 1891, the best known of which was an uprising of Tarahumara Indians in the village of Tomochi. Although no direct evidence has been uncovered implicating either Teresa or her father in the rebellions, Daz ordered the two deported in 1892. They lived briefly in Nogales, Arizona, before settling in nearby El Bosque, which became a mecca for

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Peters Colony met to protest alleged efforts of the land company to invalidate their claims. Thus began the "Hedgcoxe War" also known as the Peters Rebellion. In (more...)

thousands seeking cures. Among those who came were also a number of political revolutionaries, and Nogales and El Bosque became centers for forces plotting the overthrow of the Daz government. In 1895 the family moved again, to Solomonville, Arizona, but remained there only eight months before moving to El Paso, Texas. On August 12, 1896, a month after the family arrived, a group of sixty to seventy exiled Yaqui and Tomochi Indians, calling themselves "Teresitas," stormed the Mexican customhouse at Nogales. The Daz government blamed the attack on Teresa, and the Mexican ambassador to the United States

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demanded her extradition. Teresa published a statement in the El Paso Herald on September 11, 1896, denying any involvement in the incident. After surviving at least three different assassination attempts, Teresa moved with her father to Clifton, Arizona, away from the volatile border area. On June 22, 1900, she married Guadalupe Rodrguez, a Yaqui Indian who worked in the copper mines near Clifton. The following morning Rodrguez went on a rampage and was arrested. The court found him insane and sent him to an asylum; the couple were divorced in 1904. Shortly after her marriage, Teresa went to San Francisco. She continued to perform reportedly miraculous cures that were widely reported in the press. Promoters induced her to undertake a tour to a number of large cities, including St. Louis and New York, where she entered and won a beauty contest. After discovering that the promoters had unscrupulously been charging those who came to see her, she terminated her contract, returned to Arizona, and eventually settled in Clifton. During these years she had two children of unknown paternity. She died in Clifton in 1906, apparently of consumption, and is buried there beside her father. BIBLIOGRAPHY:Lauro Aguirre, La Santa de Cab ora (El Paso: El Progresista, 1902). El Paso Herald, September 11, 1896. Herberto Fras, Tomochic (Mexico City: Bouret, 1911). Mario Gill, Episodios mexicanos: Mxico en la hoguera (Mexico City: Azteca, 1960). William Curry Holden, Teresita (Owings Mills, Maryland: Stemmer House, 1978). William Curry and Frances Mayhugh Holden Collection, Southwest Collection, Texas Tech University. Carlos Larralde, Mexican-American Movements and Leaders (Los Alamitos, California: Hwong, 1976). New York Times, August 14, 19, 20, 1896. Richard and Gloria L. Rodriguez, "Teresa Urrea," El Grito 5 (Summer 1972). Frances Mayhugh Holden Who

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Citation
Thefollowing,adaptedfromtheChicago Manual of Style,15thedition,isthepreferred citationforthisarticle. Frances Mayhugh Holden, "URREA, TERESA," Handb ook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fur04), accessed July 15, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

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