TRNG AI HOC TON C THANG

KHOA MOI TRNG VA BAO HO LAO ONG

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MON HOC
PHNG TIEN BAO VE CA NHAN


GIANG VIEN: KS. LE NH KHAI

PHNG TIN BO V C NHN
Trng H Tn c Thng - Khoa Mi trng & Bo h lao ng
KS. L NH KHI
Phone: 0918217857
Email: ldkhaiosh@yahoo.com
1. PTBVCN va s phan loai
L cc dng c, phng tin trang b cho
ngi lao ng ngn nga tai nn v
bnh ngh nghip, bo v sc kho khi lm
vic hoc thc hin nhim v trong iu kin
c cc yu t nguy him v c hi.(Thng t
10.1998 l m NL phi c trang b . )
c trang b cho NL dng phng nga
hoc lm gim tc ng ca cc yu t nguy
him, c hi trong qu trnh lao ng
GII THIEU VE PTBVCN
Phan loai PTBVCN :
Theo vj tr vung bao ve tren co the chIa ra:
PTBV mat, mat
PTBV au
PT chong on ( Bv thnh giac )
PTBV chan
PTBV tay
PTBV toan than
PTBV ho hap
Cac PTBV bao ve dac bIet Rhac nhu :
PTBV lam viec tren cao ( chong nga cao)
PTBV lam viec tren mat nc ( chong chet uoi)
PTBV chong ien giat, ien t trng
2 .VAI TRO, V TR PTBVCN
- Co tac dung ngan nga TNL: Cac
PTBVCN co tac dung rat quan trong trong
phong tranh tai nan
- Co tac dung ngan nga benh nghe nghiep:
Hien tai NN a ban hanh danh muc 25 BNN va
PTBVCN co kha nang ngan nga hau het cac
BNN ke tren.
V tr cua PTBVCN trong cong tac AT & VSL
- Khi a s dung cac giai phap ky thuat e cai
thien ieu kien lao ong, tham ch ca khi a ap
dung cong nghe va s dung thiet b san xuat
hien ai ma van ton tai cac nguy c tiem tang.
- PTBVCN la giai phap bao ve sau cung
- Trong nhieu trng hp PTBVCN la yeu to bao
ve bo tr nhng nhieu khi no la giai phap duy
nhat
3. Tnh chat cua PTBVCN
- Tnh phap ly
- Tnh khoa hoc: van dung nhieu lnh vc KH &
cong nghe khac nhau va khong ngng hoan thien
hoc .
- Tnh quan chung: phat huy c tac dung bao ve
phu thuoc nhieu vao s hieu biet, tnh t giac cua
ngi lao ong.
- Tnh kinh te : chi ph t, thi gian thc hien nhanh,
nhng hieu qua cao
4. ieu kien lao ong phai trang b PTBVCN
oi tng ap dung che o trang b PTBVCN: la NL
trc tiep lam viec trong moi trng co yeu to nguy
hiem, oc hai ke ca can bo quan ly thng xuyen i
thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat hien trng, can bo nghien
cu, giao vien giang day, sinh vien thc tap, hoc sinh
hoc nghe hoac ngi th viec trong cac doanh nghiep,
c quan, to chc
Khi tiep xuc 1 trong cac yeu to :
a/ Yeu to Vat ly xau
b/ Tiep xuc vi Hoa chat oc
c/ Tiep xuc vi Yeu to sinh hoc oc hai, moi trng
ve sinh lao ong xau
d/ Lam viec vi may moc thiet b, cong cu lao ong
hoac v tr, t the lao ong nguy hiem de gay ra tai nan
5. van ban phap quy ve PTBVCN
Van ban phap quy co lien quan
+ Bo luat Lao ong , chng IX noi ve ATL-VSL.
ong thi Chnh phu a ban hanh Ngh nh 06/CP ngay
20/1/95 quy nh chi tiet mot so ieu cua Bo luat lao ong ve
ATL-VSL.
+ Cac van ban phap luat khac nh Luat Cong oan (1990)
va Ngh nh 133 hng dan thc hien Luat Cong oan (1991).
Luat bao ve sc khoe nhan dan (1989)
Van ban phap quy trc tiep
+ Thong t so 10/1998/TT- ngay 28/5/1998 cua Bo LTB
&XH hng dan thc hien che o Trang b PTBVCN
+ Quyet nh so 68/2008/Q-BLTBXH ngay 29/12/2008 Ban
hanh Danh muc trang b phng tien bao ve ca nhan cho ngi
lao ong lam nghe, cong viec co yeu to nguy hiem, oc hai
+ TCVN ve PTBVCN
Trach nhiem cua ngi lao ong:
1. Bat buoc phai s dung PTBVBCN c trang b trong luc
lam viec. Khong c s dung vao viec rieng
2. Co trach nhiem gi gn PTBVCN c giao.
3. Khi chuyen ni lam viec hoac het thi han s dung phai tra
lai neu ngi s dung L yeu cau
4. Phai boi thng theo qui nh lao ong cua c s khi lam
mat, lam hong khong co ly do chnh ang
5. Neu co tnh vi pham th tuy mc o vi pham phai chu hnh
thc ky luat thch ang theo ung noi quy L cua n v hoac theo
quy nh cua phap luat.
6. Nguyen tac cap phat, s dung, bao quan
PTBVCN
Trach nhiemcua ngi s dung lao ong phai :
1- Mua sam va cap phat theo danh muc TC va cap phat lai neu
PTBVCN b mat, b h khong phai loi do NL.
2- Bo sung PTBVCN ngoai Danh muc neu phat hien co cac yeu
to nguy hai khac tai ni lam viec.
3- a ra thi han s dung phu hp( co C tham gia) Can c tnh
chat cong viec, tan so s dung, chat lng PTBVCN quy nh thi
gian phai thay the PTBVCN.
4- Phai to chc hng dan NL s dung thanh thao va kiem tra
chat che viec thc hien
5- Thc hien cac quy nh ve kiem tra chat lng trc khi s
dung va kiem tra nh ky cac loai PTBV chuyen dung.
6- Phai co bien phap x ly sau khi s dung oi vi cac PTBVCN
nhiem oc, phong xa, nhiem trung, d ban phai co che o kh trung,
kh oc thch hp.
7- Bo tr ni bao quan hp ly. Thc hien viec bao dng .
8- Khong c cap phat tien thay hien vat hoac giao tien cho
NL t mua sam
7. QUY NH VE CHAT LNG
* Chat lng ong vai tro quyet nh kha nang bao
ve cua PTBVCN.
* Chat lng c can c theo 4 yeu to :
+ Kha nang bao ve
+ Tnh ve sinh
+ Tnh tien li khi dung
+ Tnh tham my
PHNG TiN BO V U
Phan loai theo tnh nang bao ve:
Mu chong chan thng c hoc
Cach ien.
Chong nhiet o cao ( chong nong, chong chay)
Chong nhiet o thap .
Chong ma , nang.
Mu dung cho lao ong pho thong ( chong bui , chat
ban ban vao, chong cuon toc nh mu vai li trai, mu
vai y te, li bao toc )
Mu bao ve au ket hp PTBV khac ( mat, mat, chong
on, ho hap)
- Than mu bao gom ca vanh va li
trai
- Cau tao ben trong: Co tac dung gi v
tr co nh mu tren au va giam chan tieu hao
nang lng va ap
Bang cau :
Cau mu : Cac giai bang e tieu hao lc va
ap gom 4 hoac 6 cai
Chot cai co tac dung lien ket cau mu va bang
cau vao than mu va thao lap c.
em lot: Dung e lam tang cam giac de chu
khi mang mu.
- Quai mu
MU AN TOAN CONG NGHIEP (TCVN 6407 : 1998 )
Mu an toan la mu bao ve phan tren cua au chong lai tac ong va ap
Cac bo phan khac e m rong phamvi bao ve :
Tam choang gay, bao ve co : cho cong
nhan luyen kim
Bo phan gan en : mu CN ham lo
Bt tai chong on: mu CN van hanh tuoc bin
, may ong lc
Tam che mat : cong nhan hoa chat, xay sat
Yeu cau vat lieu va ket cau mu AT cong nghiep
Vat lieu che tao phai:
- Khong gay oc, d ng cho da, khong b phan huy
thanh cac chat oc khi chu tac ong cua hi nc, mo
hoi va cac dung dch sat trung .Cac tnh chat tren gi
c o on nh trong suot thi gian s dung .
- Vat lieu co o ben c ly cao, chu tac ong va ap,
am xuyen, tac ong cua moi trng lao ong ( anh
sang, nhiet o, bui nc, rung ong .)
- Chon vat lieu cua bo giam chan co o an hoi tot e
tieu hao nang lng va ap.
Yeu cau ve ket cau:
- e lam giam tac ong cua lc va ap can:
Lc tac ong len hop so c phan tan trong mot dien
tnh ln nhat co the.
Than mu phai ong eu, cau tao than dang bau duc,
be mat nhan lam lech hng tac ong cua vat ri.
- Trong lng phai nhe: mu khong nen nang qua 400g
- Ket cau phai am bao s thong thoang cho au.
- Thuan tien
- San xuat nhieu c
Yeu cau ch tieu ky thuat:
o giam chan.
Th am xuyen.
Th ben chay
Mu cach ien: ch c dung vat lieu bang chat nhiet
deo co o ben cach ien on nh, khong co cac chi tiet
lam bang kim loai.
Mu chong nhiet o cao: chong giot kim loai nong chay
ban toe, khong dung kim loai
Mu chong chay vat lieu che tao khong c tao thanh
tia la ien khi va cham vi kim loai .
Vat lieu lam mu khi chay khong c ban tung toe thanh
giot .
Khi th chay : Toc o chay khong qua 50mm/phut
GHI NHAN ( TCVN)
- So tieu chuan
- Nc xuat x
- Dau hieu nhan biet nha san xuat.
- Namva quy san xuat.
- Kieu mu ( do nha Sx at ten) c ghi than mu va bo phan ben
trong.
Cac thong tin khac kemtheo san pham:
Nhng canh bao phai thc hien khi s dung
Ghi khoi lng neu > 400 g
Ghi nhng thong tin cho biet yeu cau e la chon:
- 20
o
C : cho non lam viec nhiet o thap ,
RL cho non at ch tieu th o cng ep ngang ;
440V cho non at ch tieu th cach ien.
S dung, Kiem tra, bao quan
S dung
/chnh bang cau, cau mu, quai mang
Th o va kht, o tin cay cac chi tiet phu tr trc khi bc vao
lam viec
Luon eo quai khi s dung
Kiem tra :
Kiem tra trc khi cap phat, va theo nh ky
Kiem tra s ay u cua cac chi tiet .
Kiem tra ben ngoai (ran , nt , thung)
Kiem tra cac chi tiet ben trong
Chon ung c so hoac ieu chnh e thch hp vi ngi mang.
Bao quan
Mu bao quan tren gia sach se, cac bo phan phai
ay u khi a vao s dung.
e rieng theo cong dung , ac biet chu y cac
non co cong dung ac biet.
Tranh tac ong cua nguon nhiet
Tranh tac ong gay lao hoa hoac lam giam o
ben cua non nh anh sang, bui , hoa chat,o am .
Ve sinh sau khi dung trc khi a vao bao
quan.
Phng tien bao ve mat, mat
YEU TO GAY TON THNG CONG VIEC
MAT
Dong ron ( 8u|, monh vun, hoI vong
bon )
Mo|, coI, khoon, phun coI, xoy xoI,
donh bong.
Dong |ong ( hoo choI |ong, d|ch, mou
vong bon )
Fho Iron, co ruo,d|ch vu chom soc
suc khoe.
Dong kh| ( ho| kh| goy k|ch Ih|ch moI )
$oc d|en,|om v|ec vo| coc choI
coch d|en, kh| nen, kh| nh|en ||eu
I|o 8uc xo . hong ngoo|, Iu ngoo|, I|o
|ode
Hon coI, Ihoo Ioc vo| I|o |oser
MAT
Dong |ong ( Hoo choI |ong vong bon)
Pha che, sn, tay ra
Nh|eI do coo (Nh|eI nong, g|oI kJ| nong
vong bon...)
Han , nau chay kim loai, nau nng
Dong ron ( Monh vun, hoI, voI vong bon
... )
bom coI, xoy xoI,dong d|nh, IuoI
|uo, ...
Phan loai va cong dung
Knh kieu h : Chong vat ran ban t pha trc va ben canh
ti. Co tac dung loc sang hoac khong loc sang.
Knh kieu kn co thong hi trc tiep : chong vat vang ban
t moi pha ti. Co tac dung loc sang hoac khong loc sang.
Knh kieu kn co thong hi gian tiep : chong vat , hoa chat
long vang ban t moi pha ti. Co tac dung loc sang hoac
khong loc sang.
Knh kieu kn kht : chong vat , hoa chat long vang ban t
moi pha ti va chong hi kh gay kch thch. Co tac dung
loc sang hoac khong loc sang.
Kieu knh khac: cam tay, loai gan vao mu, loai at ben
ngoai knh thuoc .
Phan loai PTBV mat
a- Tamche mat :
- Tam che mat chong hoa chat long vang ban
- Tam che mat chong manh vun, vat vang ban
b- Mat na han :
- MNH oi au (hay mat na han tren cao)
- MNH camtay .
c- PTBV mat, mat ket hp PTBV khac
Cau tao PTBV mat, mat
1. Knh bao ve mat
a. Mat knh
b. Khung knh la chi tiet gi mat knh (gom khung knh
kieu h, khung knh kieu kn) thng lam bang nha.
c. Bo phan mang : Gong knh hoac day mang
d. Chi tiet lien ket : cac chot, ban le.
2. Tamche bao ve mat :
Tam che mat : nha tong hp hoac li .
Bo phan mang :vong mang bao quanh au, day eo .
Bo phan ieu chnh : gi tam che mat cac v tr
khac nhau.
Chi tiet lien ket
3. Mat na han:
Tam che: nha tong hp, giay chu nhiet
Mat knh: knh loc va knh khong loc sang
Bo phan mang: tay cam hoac vong mang bao quanh au
Khung gi mat knh: co nh, ca so lat len xuong.
Chi tiet lien ket

Cau tao PTBV mat, mat

Yeu cau chung ve ket cau & vat lieu che tao
( TCVN 5052-90 & ISO 4849-1981)
+ Vat lieu che tao khong gay d ng da.
+ Vat lieu nhe, ben phu hp yeu cau bao ve theo yeu cau.
+ Khong c che tao vo boc hoac cac bo phan khac trong
trng nhn cua mat ( tr oc vt va ban le ) bang kim loai .
+ Ket cau khong co cac vet loi lom, sac canh hoac cac ac iem
khac gay kho chu khi s dung.
+ Ket cau phai thuan tien khi s dung: cac bo phan, chi tiet ieu
chnh phai de dang khi s dung va thay the. Khong anh hng
en viec mang cac PTBV khac khi can.
+ am bao thong thoang.
+ Vat lieu che tao co o dan nhiet thap ( tr khung knh )
+ Ket cau sao cho knh co trng nhn rong
Bang truyen quang cua mat knh ( TC 5083-90 )
ANH SO MAT KNH LOC SANG
Hang au ch ma so ( knh han khong co ), hang sau ch o toi .
La chon, bao quan PTBV mat
1- Nguyen tac chung khi la chon :
Xac nh tac nhan gay nguy hiem cho mat va mat va can c cac
ch tieu chung, ch tieu rieng cua tng loai knh va cong dung cua
PTBV mat e chon loai co tnh nang bao ve phu hp. Chu y Ch tieu
bao ve :
- Kha nang chong va ap (ni lam viec co nhng hat, manh vat
lieu ban co toc o > 30 m/s khong nen dung mat knh thuy tinh.
- Kha nang chong tia bc xa co hai can c thang so va ma so mat
knh loc sang .
- o ben vng vi nhiet va kha nang chong lai kim loai nong chay
ban vao.
- Kha nang chong tia bc xa co hai can c thang so va ma so mat
knh loc sang .
Cac ch tieu ve sinh:
- o trung thc cua mat knh.
- Thch hp vi kch thc au mat ngi
- Phng tien t can tr tamnhn va c ong khi lamviec
Tnh tien li:
- Phng tien de tay ra ve sinh.
- Khong can tr en viec mang cac PTBVCN khac khi cong viec
can phai trang b .
- o ben chac va on nh cua cac c cau.
2. Chon mat knh loc tia cc tm
S dung cho cac nguon cc tmphat ra
phan ln anh sang nhn thay ( nh en hi
thuy ngan ap suat rat cao dung trong phong
th nghiemhoac ieu tr y hoc)
Giams nhan mau 3 -5
S dung cho cac en hi thuy ngan cao ap
va cac nguon cc tm( ieu tr bang tia cc
tm, nhat la khi benh nnhan t thc hien)
Giams nhan mau khong
ang ke
3 3
3 - 4
S dung cho cac nguon sinh ra la bc xa cc
tm,va anh sanh nhn thay co o sang cao
(ieu tr y hoc bang tia cc tm)
Giams nhan mau khong
ang ke
3 2.0
3 2.5
S dung cho cac nguon sinh ra chu yeu la
bc xa cc tm, anh sang nhn thay khong
phai la yeu to quan trong.
Giams nhan mau khong
ang ke
3 1.2
3 1.4
3-1.7
Khi can hap thu toan bo bc xa cc tmva
mot phan anh sang nhn thay
Co the lamthay oi s nhan
mau. Mat mau vang nhat
2 - 1.2
Khi can hap thu toan bo bc xa cc tm Co the lamthay oi s nhan
mau . Mat mau vang rat nhat
2 1.3
Ap dung ien hnh ac tnh Thang
so
3. La chon mat knh cho cong viec han:
a- Han hi : la chon can c lu lng hi cua ong thoi.
7 6 5 4
ti
L > 800 200< L 800 70< L 200 L 70 Han thng va han ong,
thiec, kim loai nang
Thang so chon knh han hi, ong, thiec
dung kh Axetylen lu lng L( lt/gi)
7 6 5
ti
4000-8000 2000-4000 900 - 2000 Cat kim loai
Thang so chon dung cho cat kim loai
dung kh oxy lu lng L (lt/gi)
b- Han ho quang, xoc ho quang va cat kim loai bang Plasma .
C s chon can c dong ien han ( I )
13 12 11
ti
250< I 400 150< I 250 I 150
I = dong ien ( A )
Cat K/loai bang nhiet
Thang so thng dung khi cat kim loai bang ho quang plasma ,
thao tac bang tay
Ye Ye u u to to lien lien quan quan: :
- - T T the the ng ng i i ha ha n n
- - A A nh nh sa sa ng ng ni ni ha ha n n
- - Ye Ye u u to to con con ng ng i i
Ca Ca c c a a nh nh h h ng ng tren tren co co the the thay thay o o i i o o to to i i nh nh ng ng < 1, 2 < 1, 2 so so . .
Thang Thang so so o o to to i i ma ma t t k k nh nh lo lo c c sa sa ng ng l l a a cho cho n n tren tren c c a a ra ra trong trong ie ie u u
kie kie n n b b nh nh th th ng ng ( ( khoa khoa ng ng ca ca ch ch ma ma t t e e n n va va t t kim kim loa loa i i no no ng ng cha cha y y 50 cm ; 50 cm ;
a a nh nh sa sa ng ng 100 100 lux lux) ) . .
Ba Ba o o qua qua n n k k nh nh BHL BHL
- - Sau Sau moi moi ca ca la la m m vie vie c c ca ca n n ve ve sinh sinh ba ba ng ng xa xa pho pho ng ng va va n n c c a a m m
- - Th Th nh nh thoa thoa ng ng ngam ngam trong trong dung dung dch dch ta ta y y r r a a 10 10 phu phu t t, , sau sau o o treo treo cho cho
kho kho t t nhien nhien. .
PHNG TIEN BAO VE TAI
1. Khai niem:
- Tieng on la mot danh t chung dung e ch nhng am thanh gay
kho chu, quay roi ieu kien lam viec va ngh ngi cua con
ngi.
- Tieng on co the xuat hien: Lien tiep, Ngat quang hoac ot ngot
- Tieng on trong lao ong phat sinh do cac nguyen nhan:
- Tieng on c hoc: do s chuyen ong, ma sat cua cac chi
tiet may moc
- Tieng on va cham
- Tieng on kh ong
- Tieng no hoac xung sinh ra khi ong c ot trong hoac
ong c diezen lam viec.
2. So sanh Mc n cho php cua TCVN va My
1/8h 120 dB 115 dB
1/4h 115 dB 1/4h 110 dB
1/2h 110 dB 1/2h 105 dB
1 h 105 dB 1 h 100 dB
2 h 100 dB 2 h 95dB
4 h 95 dB 4 h 90 dB
8 h 90 dB 8 h 85dB
Thi gian l/v ( max )
USA
Mc on
Thi gian l/v ( max )
TCVN 3985 : 1999
Mc on
3. Cac loai phng tien chong on, bao ve thnh giac
3.1-Bt tai chong on
- Khung mang bang kim loai hoac nha. No nh v v tr lam
viec cua bt tai (vong tren au hoac sau gay).
- Op tai ( chen bao tai ) bang nha , gan vi khung mang bang
chot lien ket.
- Vanh em bang vat lieu mem, pha trong cha vat lieu tieu
am hoac dch long. Vanh em bao kn ng vien op tai,
- Lp lot trong: at pha trong op tai , bang vat lieu tieu am.
3.2 Nut tai chong on:
- Nut tai chong on c nhet trc tiep vao ong tai
trong.
- Nut tai lam bang vat lieu co ac tnh an hoi,
mem nh vinil, silicon, bot xop khi nhet vao lo tai
se ngan cach ng truyen am qua ng khong
kh vao mang nh.
- Nut tai co ket cau dang tang, dang tru hoac
dang vo nh hnh co kch thc phu hp lo tai
ngi s dung.
Cong thc xac nh mc on tng ng :
Khi Fe 1 la di mc on cho phep
Khi Fe > 1 can co bien phap s ly lam giamtieng on hoac
dung PT chong on.
C1, C2,. Cn: Thi gian xuat hien o on ni lam viec
nhng mc on 1,2,,n trong ca lam viec.
T1, T2 Tn : Thi gian cho phep lam viec nhng mc
on 1,2,,n tng ng . (bang tren)
TD : Co 2 gi on 95 d + 1 gi on 90 dB+ 0,5 gi on 100 dB .
- Tnh theo TCVN : Fe = 2/2+1/4+0.5/1 = 1, 75 > 1 , phai
mang PT chong on.
- Tnh theo tieu chuan My khong phai mang v :
Tn
Cn
T
C
Fe + + + = .....
2
2
T1
C1
1
2
0,5
8
1
4
2
< + + = Fe
PHNG TIEN BO V TAY,CHAN
Co the tong hp gom 4 nhom:
- Nhng gang co o ben cao lam t li kim loai, da hoac
vai bat. ( Chong cat, ot chay, chong nhiet trong cong
viec han,uc, gang phu nhom chong nhiet lanh va nong.
- Gang vai chong ban,xay xat, mai mon.
- Gang chong chat long va hoa chat.
- Gang cach ien.
Ch tieu chat lng gang tay bao ho lao ong
Cac yeu cau chung:
Phai phu hp yeu cau chung cua PTBVCN (TCVN 2291-78)
Vat lieu khong c gay oc hai hoac d ng cho da tay PTBV
tay phai c kiem nghiem va ghi ro ky hieu theo bang phan loai quy
nh.
Phai co ban hng dan cong dung, cach s dung va bao quan oi
vi moi loai PTBV tay.
Khoi lng (g) : Sao cho gang tay gon, nhe, t can tr cho thao tac
cua tay khi lam viec.
Kch thc phu hp tay va cong viec .
o day cua vat lieu s dung (mm)
am bao o ben chung cua cac chi tiet che tao gang tay va chi tiet
lien ket (o ben ch may, o ben cua ng khau KN)
MOT SO LOAI GANG THONG DUNG
Gang tay vai va da ( TC 1841 77 ) chia ra 10 loai
L Nganh boc xep gach chu la va tng t
K
I
H
G
Nganh xay dng, van chuyen va nganh tng t
E
D
C
Nau gang thep, ren bua may, nganh tng t
B
A
Han , cat kim loai
Ky hieu
Tieu chuan Chau Au : EN0903
30.000 26.500 Class 3
20.000 17.000 Class 2
10.000 7.500 Class 1
5.000 1.000 Class O
2.500 500 Class 00
U th U lam viec
PHNG TIEN BAO VE CHAN
1/ Nhng nguy c gay tai nan vi chan :
- Vat nang e : thung tron,cac vat lan, ri vao chan
- Vat nhon am : am t di len tren cong trng xay dng, ve
sinh moi trng .
- Nguy c ien : Chan ung vao vat mang ien.
- Lam viec trong moi trng gay tch tu tnh ien.
( Nguy hiem trong moi trng kh no )
- Hoa chat long : San xuat, van chuyen, s dung hoa chat,
- Nhiet nong : giot, vay kim loai nong chay.
- Trn trt : lam viec tren be mat san dau m.
2- PHAN LOAI
Phan theo tnh chat bao ve : ( TC 2608-78) 13 nhom:
- Chong va ap ( nang lng 5,50,100,200J; tac ong am, cat, rung)
- Trn trt: Chong trn trt tren be mat co dau m hoac nguyen
nhan khac
- Chong trn trt tren be mat co dau m
- Tac ong nhiet cao , thap .
- Chat phong xa
- Tnh ien,trng ien t va trng ien.
- Bui
- Nc
- Axt , Kiem nong o thap
- Dung moi hu c
- Dau mo, san pham dau mo
- Chat oc
3. Cau tao va vat lieu che tao giay BHL :
Cau tao cua giay an toan:
- Mui giay - Ong giay - Ma giay
- Lot trong - e giay - Got giay
- Khuy va day buoc
PHNG TiN BO V HO HAP
1. Cac yeu to gay nguy hai :
- Thieu Oxy trong khong kh
- Khong kh b o nhiem:
Cac kh tr
Hi kh oc
Bui, khoi, sng mu
2. Cac yeu to lien quan en kha nang nhiemoc
a/ Loai hi kh oc :
110 100000 275 250.000 550 500.000 Axetylen
55 30000 92 50.000 165 90.000 Kh Cacbonic
70 10000 175 25.000 350 50.000 CCl
4
60 15000 80 20.000 120 30.000 Dau xang
10 3000 25 7500 66 20.000 Benzen
1,2 1000 2,4 2000 6 5.000 Oxyt cacbon
0,15 250 1,5 2500 3 4.000 Amoniac
0,15 100 1,5 1000 4,5 3.000 Axit Clo
0,017 5 0,17 50 3 1.000 Clo
mg/l ml/m
3
mg/l ml/m
3
mg/l ml/m
3
Chu ng c
30-60ph
Nguy hiem
30-60ph
Chet
5-10ph
Chat oc ht th
b/ Nong o hi kh oc :
X ( ppm ) = (Y (mg/m
3
) x 24,5)/ Trong lng
phan t
Y ( mg/m
3
) = (X ( ppm) x Trong lng phan
t)/24,5
c/ Yeu to moi trng: nhiet o, o am
d/ Yeu to tnh trang ngi b nhiem oc
e/ Thi gian tiep xuc
f/ Tac dung tong hp cua chat oc.
Trong trng hp nhieu chat oc cung tac dung, ngi ta quy
nh tnh nong o cho phep theo cong thc:
( c
1
: t
1
) + ( c
2
: t
2
)+ ( c
3
: t
3
)+.+ ( c
n
: t
n
) 1
c
1
, c
2
, c
3 .
c
n
la nong o tng chat oc tm thay trong KK
t
1
, t
2
, t
3
,, t
n
: la nong o toi a cho phep tng ng.
V du : moi trng co este etilic 300 mg/ m
3
, butanol 700
mg/m
3
Nh vay (300: 500) + ( 800 : 1500 ) = 1,13 ln hn 1 tc
vt qua gii han cho phep.
3. BVHH kieu t cap kh th
4. BVHH LOAI CAP KH THEO ONG
DAN KH
Kho ng quat Kho ng quat
T nguo n KK ne n
LL theo
nhu ca u
Do ng kh
lie n tuc
Co qua t
Ma t na , BMN ,
mu & mat tru m
T nguo n KK t nhien
PTBVHH LOAI CAP KH
MN, BMN
Mu, mat trum
LL o n nh
5. BVHH KIEU LOC
LOC BUI
LOC KET HP
BU I & OC
LOC HI Kh O C
PHNG TIE N BVHH KIEU LOC
Cac ieu kien phai thc hien khi chon dung PTBV loc oc:
1. Moi trng phai co ham lng oxy > 19,5%(c >17%- Nhat>
18%)
2. Biet loai o nhiem va chon ung bo loc co tac dung phu hp.
3. Nong o hi kh hoa chat oc nam trong pham v bao ve cua bo
loc.
4. KIem tra s toan ven va xac nh phng tien con tac dung bao ve
5. KIem tra o kn cua phan mat chup bao che va Kiem tra o kn
cua toan bo dung cu
6. Neu ngi thay mui la hoac kho chu phai quay ngay ra vung KK
sach.
7. Ch thao bo mat na khi chac chan ra en vung KK sach.
8 Nut kn cac lo bnh loc khi khong dung va bao quan theo quy
nh.
6 .La chon
1. Tnh chat nguy hiem cua moi trng : 1 hay nhieu
loai o nhiem
2. Mc o nguy hiem
3. Loai o nhiem
4. Nong o o nhiem
5. Thi gian co hieu lc cua PTBVHH
6. V tr t vung lam viec b o nhiem ti vung KK
sach
7. Hoat ong cua ngi s dung
Tap chon loai PTBVHH theo ieu kien o nhiem
PHNG TIN BO V CHONG NGA CAO
1. Phan loai :
Khi phan theo tac dung bao ve theo v tr lam viec:
+ Day an toan cho v tr co nh.
+ Day an toan cho v tr lam viec thay oi (co
the di chuyen theo chieu ng hoac chieu ngang)
2. Cau tao
a/ Bo phan mang:
Day lng:
Day nt toan than: Phan chia xung lc tot.
b/ Day treo
c/ Khoa moc , vong
d/ Cac chi tiet phu khac
3. Yeu cau ve vat lieu va ket cau:
- Ket cau phai chac chan, on nh khi s dung. Khong t m
chot an toan, khong tuot day hoac b t khi ngi mang ri
nga.
- Khi ri nga day an toan phai co tac dung giam chan e
khong gay chan thng cho ngi dung, ac biet la chan
thng vung lng
- Day an toan phai gon nhe, de s dung.
- Vat lieu che tao phai ben trong moi trng s dung, khong
gay oc
-Trc khi xuat xng, trc khi n v s dung trang b cho
NL va sau thi gian s dung nh ky phai tien hanh kiem tra
day theo cac ch tieu
Quy nh ve kiemtra chat lng day an toan :
a/ Th nghiem khi xuat xng :
Th tnh: treo vat th 250kG trong 5 phut day phai khong sn,
t,khoa moc khong b bien dang.
Th ong:treo vat nang 75 kg vao day ai an toan moc len gia
th va tha ri 3 lan, day phai khong h hong.
b/ Th nghiemtai c s trc va trong qua trnh s dung :
Theo Quy phaman toan ien sau 6 thang phai kiemtra :
Th tnh : treo vat th 150kG trong 5 phut.
Th ong : Treo vat th 75 kG va cho ri 3 lan .
Sau khi th day khong b sn, tuot va khoa moc khong b bien
dang.