An electrical discharge occurs between the anode and the cathode and the active gas such as CO.sub.

2 between the two electrodes is excited to provide a laser beam. The laser beam thus provided is reflected repeatedly by a pair of reflection mirrors. The reflected laser beam is amplified while passing through the space where the discharge occurs, thus providing the function of a gas laser oscillator. Although the amplification that occurs in the discharge zone between the electrodes, considerable laser beam absorption takes place in the space between the reflection mirrors and the electrodes. In this space, the amount of operating gas such as CO.sub.2 is reduced, or the space is evacuated. Alternatively, the space is cooled by causing the gas therein to flow. A reduction in so-called laser beam absorption function is provided.

Claims
1. A gas laser oscillator comprising: a laser chamber containing a first active gas medium capable of sustaining laser oscillation in a first region thereof and a second gas medium in a second region thereof, said second gas medium having substantially no amplification function but having a laser beam absorption function; means for producing an electric discharge disposed in said first region to excite said first gas medium into laser oscillation having an amplification function to thereby generate a laser beam;

a pair of mirrors provided at respective ends of said laser chamber, said mirrors constituting an optical resonator together with said first and second chamber regions; an input port and an output port provided to and from said second region; and means for selectively introducing said second gas medium into said second region through said input port and means for selectively removing said second gas medium from said second region through said output port to thereby reduce the laser beam absorption function in said second region. 2. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first and second gas mediums contain carbon dioxide, a mole fraction of carbon dioxide molecules in said second region being smaller than a mole fraction of carbon dioxide molecules in said first region. 3. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first gas medium contains carbon dioxide molecules, and said second gas medium contains a number of carbon dioxide molecules smaller than that of said first gas medium. 4. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claim 3 wherein said second gas medium contains no carbon dioxide molecules. 5. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claims 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein said means for selectively introducing comprises pump means for causing the second gas medium to flow.

6. The gas laser oscillator of claim 5 wherein said pump means causes said second gas medium to flow from said second region into said first region. 7. The gas laser oscillator of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said means for selectively introducing comprises a by-pass duct connecting a selected portion of said chamber to said input port, and a blower for controlling gas flow through said by-pass duct. 8. A gas laser oscillator, comprising: a laser chamber defining first and second regions; said first region containing a first active gas medium capable of sustaining laser oscillation and having an amplification function; discharge electrode means disposed within said first gas medium for exciting said gas medium into laser oscillation to thereby generate a laser beam; said second region containing a second gas medium and having a laser beam absorption function and substantially no amplification function; a pair of mirrors provided at respective ends of said laser chamber, said mirrors constituting an optical resonator together with said first and second chamber regions; and blower means for supplying said first gas medium to said first region and for causing said second gas medium in said second region to flow. 9. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a cooler provided in the flow path of the second gas medium in said second region to cool said second gas

medium before said second gas medium reaches said second region. 10. A gas laser oscillator as claimed in claim 8, wherein said chamber comprises a side wall, a reflection mirror inside said chamber, the positional relation between said side wall and said reflection mirror, in a laser beam direction, is such that said reflection mirror is closer to said first gas medium than said side wall, and said reflection mirror is in the flow path of said second gas medium in said second region. 11. The gas laser oscillator of claim 8 wherein said blower causes said second gas medium to flow through said second region into said first region. 12. A gas laser oscillator, comprising: a laser chamber; an active gas medium capable of sustaining laser oscillation disposed within said chamber; discharge electrode means disposed within said gas medium for exciting said gas medium into laser oscillation to thereby generate a laser beam; a pair of mirrors disposed on respective ends of said laser medium at predetermined distances from said laser medium; at least one window means disposed intermediate one of said ends of said laser medium and one of said pair of mirrors for providing for the transmission of a laser beam therethrough; and

closure means connected to said window means and to said chamber for defining at least one closed space between one of said pair of mirrors and said window means, said closed space being maintained substantially at a vacuum. 13. The gas laser oscillator of claim 12 further comprising means for causing said gas medium to flow along a path within said container, at least a portion of said closed space extending into the path of said gas medium. 14. A gas laser oscillator, comprising: a laser chamber; means for providing a flowing active gas medium capable of sustaining laser oscillation within said chamber; discharge electrode means disposed within said gas medium for exciting said gas medium into laser oscillation to thereby generate a laser beam; a pair of mirrors disposed on respective ends of said laser medium at predetermined distances from said laser medium; at least one window means disposed intermediate of one of said ends of said laser medium and one of said pair of mirrors for providing for the transmission of a laser beam therethrough; and closure means connected to said window means and to said chamber for defining at least one closed space between one of said pair of mirrors and said window means, at least a portion of said closed space extending into the path of said flowing gas medium.

By definition the laser is a device that amplifies light by means of stimulated emission of radiation. In other words, the laser is a generator and amplifier of radiation in the form of light. To help understand how the laser beam is produced, let's begin by looking at how light is created at the atomic level. Atoms are composed of a nucleus with the electrons orbiting it. When a certain amount of energy is supplied to the atom, the electron's path can change and move to a higher orbit. The atom is said to go from the ground state energy level to the excited level. The atom will then calm when the energy is no longer supplied and the electrons will return to the ground state in their original lower orbit. When they return, they release some of the energy that was applied to them earlier. This energy release is in the form of photons which are particles of light. You can see this happen when you turn on an electric stove and apply electricity to the heating coil. The heating coil gets very hot as well as gives off light. The same happens with an incandescent light bulb or a fluorescent tube. When light is released from these sources, a rainbow of color is given off. Each color of light has its own wavelength; therefore, most light sources emit many wavelengths of light. A laser light has three properties that make it unlike any other light source: First, lasers are monochromatic which means they produce light of one wavelength or of one color. Second, the light released from a laser is coherent, which means that it is ordered and controlled. Each photon moves in unison with the other photons and they move in waves matching the pattern of the other light waves. Third, laser light has a specific direction unlike other forms of light that move out randomly in many directions. These three properties are created by a process called stimulated emission. Let's look at the first laser invented, the ruby laser, to see how the laser beam is generated. The ruby laser uses a flash lamp in the shape of a coil wound around a ruby crystal rod. The ruby rod is composed of the same material as the ruby gemstone, corundum, whose molecules are made of two atoms of aluminum and two of oxygen. The ruby rod is known as the lasing media. The color of a ruby is due to a small chromium content. The two ends of the ruby rod are covered with mirrors with one end fully reflective and the other end only partially reflective.

The ruby rod is irradiated on the sides by light from a flash lamp operated usually for a few milliseconds at a time. The atoms and their electrons of the ruby rod begin to absorb the energy and move to an excited level. The electrons quickly return to the ground states between each operation of the flash lamp thus releasing red photons particles horizontally along the length of the ruby rod. These particles begin to bounce back and forth within the rod between the two mirrors on the ends, building in intensity until they exit out the end with the mirror that is only partially reflective. The light that discharges from the rod is of one wavelength (color), is coherent (ordered), and moves in a single direction (beam).

Matt Reinhart is the author and a registered civil engineer. Visit http://www.LaserLevelsUSA.com to find out how the laser has been put to practical, everyday use as a leveling and a distance measurement tool. While you are there, be sure to look through our full line laser levels including rotary laser levels, line lasers, laser plumb bobs, laser distance measures, and laser level accessories. Visit today for some incredible deals! Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Matt_Reinhart

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Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, but is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas,[1] leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.