A CODE MIXING ANALYSIS IN SANG PEMIMPI ANDREA HIRATAS NOVEL

By EKA SRI HANDAYANI 09004186 ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with background of the study, identification of the p roblems, limitation of the problem, formulation of the problem, objectives of th e study, and significances of the study. Those sections will be discussed as fol lows : A. Background of The Study As we know, language is a communications instrument. Related to subroto (2007:12) in Muhammad (2011:27) state that bahasa merupakan tanda bunyi ujaran yang bersi fat arbitrer atau sewenang-wenang. On the other words, we can say that language is a sound which has not role but has a meaning. According to Kridalaksasna (1983) in muhammad (20011:28) state that bahasa adala h sistem lambang bunyi arbitrer yang digunakan oleh para anggota kelompok untuk bekerja sama, berkomunikasi, dan mengidentifikasi diri. It means that language i s very important media to communicate with other. Communication is a process whi ch information is exchanged between individuals trough a common system of symbo ls, sign and behavior. Without a language, we cant understand another culture and variation of language in our country. Language is a system of sounds, words and patterns used by human to communicate thought and feeling (Oxford, 1989: 699). Without a language, we cant know and und erstand another culture and variation of language in our country. Because indone sia has many language, we can say indonesia is a multilingual language. Because in every region has a difference culture and variation language in the same mea ning. The original language in indonesia is indonesian language. The variation languag e in this country is like Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, etc. Those are make our country rich in culture of language variations. Beside that, people in indonesi a begin to communicate by mix their statemennt in a foreign language succh as en glish, chinese, japanese, germany, etc. The foreign language has begin melebur in indonesian, especially is English. Many indonesian people who are more educated learn this language in the hope tha t they will be able to use this language in international communication. Nowdays , people often use english and indonesian language together secara bersama-sama in their conversation and utterance. The use of indonesian and english language together by the people in their conversation and utterance is called code mixing . Beardsmore,(1982: 40), campur kode atau interferensi mengacu pada penggunaan uns ur formal kode bahasa seperti fonem, morfem, kata, frase, kalimat dalam suatu ko

nteks dari satu bahasa ke dalam bahasa yang lain. Based on Beardsmores state, the researcher have to analyze a code mixing on Sang Pemimpi in Andrea hiratas Novel that there is in fonem, morfem phrase etc. Code mixing usually used in informal situation because there is no appropiate statements when using language, so the y need another language in their statements. In the Sang pemimpi novel, the researcher find some statement of code mixing. Fo r example My God, aku mau pingsan! Disana, ya, disana hanya ada carik kecil berwa rna merah. In the sentence, the author uses code mixing in the phrase, My God. People have some reasons why they use code mixing in their conversation. He firs t is to show that they are educated people. The second is english as an internat ional language. So, they want to try study english little by little. The third i s a habit. The writer chooses the subject entitled A Code Mixing Analysis in Sang Pemimpi An drea Hiratas Novel. The wirter has some reasons: first, that nowdays code mixing i s a new social phenomenon in our country, especially the people that live in the big city. Second, in sang pemimpi Novel there are some scripts that use in code m ixing. For example Aku dan Arai berlari sprint mmenuju sekolah. the code mixing in that statement is sprint. The last, because the story is interested and givi ng some education aspects for the readers.

DISCUSSION In this chapter, the writer will present the finding of the research to make the presentation easier, this part will be divided into four section. They are (1). Code mixing meaning. (2) Code mixing types. (3) Code mixing factors and (4) Cod e mixing wujud. A. Code Mixing meaning According to Nababan (1989:32) menegaskan bahwa suatu keadaan berbahasa menjadi lain bilamana orang mencampurkan dua (atau lebih) bahasa atau ragam bahasa dalam situasi berbahasa yang menuntut percampuran bahasa itu. Based on the Nababan ex planation, code mixing can analyze language variation in Sang pemimpi novel. Bec ause there are many language mix used within. For example: Fantastik, bukan? pasti itu maksudnya. In the sentence, the author sa id in english though in his writing is not appropiate in english. The meaning of fantastik is his expression to express his kekaguman. In analyze the novel by c ode mixing, there are types of code mixing.

B. Code Mixing Types There are two types of code mixing. They are: 1. Code mixing kinds a. language mix The author in Sang Pemimpi Novel used many language mix. Language mixing between english and indonesia used by the artist. These are the the example of mixing b etween indonesian and english founded by the researcher in the short story: Aku merasa in charge. In charge is one of foreign language that used to mix the language. in the conve rsation; the word in charge means ..... in indonesian. Another example is: Semakin ia excitted, semakin parah gagapnya. Excitted also one of the language that used to mix the language. In the statemen

t; the word excitted means ..... in indonesian. Sometimes the artist in the nove l said by mixing the language spontaniously or secara tidak sadar. b. culture mix The author in Sang Pemimpi Novel used many culture mix. For example: Boi adalah panggilan gaul orang Melayu. It shows that boys in Belitung often called his clo se friend with boi. It can be include the culture of language. May be it can be di fference called in other region. In javanese can be mas in indonesian can be kak etc but it is not boi. Those nickname are variations language. It also can be culture mix of language in every region in our country. 2. Code Mixing tataran a. Fonem Phonology is a branch of the linguistic that study of sounds. According to chaer , (2009:1) in muhammad (2011:114) states that fonologi adalah cabang linguistik m empelajari, membahas, membicarakan dan menganalisis bunyi-bunyi bahasa yang dipr oduksi oleh alat-alat ucap manusia.. Based on the statement fonem is study about sound. b. Morfem According to chaer, (2009:1) in muhammad (2011:114) states that morfologi merupa kan ilmu yang mengkaji bentuk-bentuk dan pembentukan kata. Based on the chaer sta tement morfologi is a branch that study about word formation. Word formation div ided into two. They are derivation and compunding. Compunding merupakan proses pe mbentukan kata dengan menyatukan kata-kata majemuk. Muhammad (2011:117). Related to muhammad statement, the researcher find the example of compounding in sang Pemimpi novel. It is Walaupun sangat pas-pasan tapi jika ia juga bekerja p art time. Aku yakin kami dapat sama-sama membiayai kuliah kami. Word formation of part time consist of part and time. Both of the word dilebur in one meaning and it be majemuk. While in derivation merupakan proses membuat kata dengan menggunakan imbuhan atau afiks. Muhammad (2011:118). Related to muhammad statement, the researcher also f ind the derivation in Sang Pemimpi novel. It is Kita tidak boleh hanya bergantung pada laut, tambang, dan tani yang resources-nya terbatas. The word of resourses berasal dari kata source and has imbuhan re- and also it has allomorf [s]. Besid e that there is another example in Sang Pemimpi novel. That is Kenyataanya sekara ng Arai yang bingung menghadapi Nurmala yang indifferent, tak acuh. The word of i ndifferent has afix in- and the verba is different. c. Word A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more mo rphemes. It can be linked more or less tightly together, and had a phonetical va lue. Word can be categorized as a noun, adjective, verb, or adverb. Noun is used to state something. The noun is word which can be the subject or ob ject of a verb or object of preposition. The example of noun in Sang Pemimpi no vel is: Di sanalah orang belajar science, sastra, dan seni hingga menngubah peradaban. The word of science is as a noun. The position as an object because the subject is disanalah orang then the verb is belajar Adjective is used to state the function and characteristic of person or somethin g. The example of adjective in the novel is: Jimbron masih shock. The word of shock is as adjective. Shock is like an expressing person or feelin g. Verb is the word or phrase indicating an action, a state or an event. The exampl e of verb in the nnovel Sang Pemimpi is: Gara-gara proposalmu aku sampai lupa, kau harus juga di interview oleh penyandang dana. The word of interview is as a verb. Because the meaning of interview is doing a test by speaking. It means like wawancara in indonesian. Adverb is a word or a group of words used to describe or give information about verb, adjective and another adverb. The example of verb in the nnovel Sang Pemim pi is: Pak Belia mengakhiri session sore dengan menyentak semangat kami.

Session in the sentence means the time is afternoon. d. Phrase Phrase is a group of word without a finite verb, especially when they are used t o form part of a sentence. Hornby (1995:868) states that phrase is a group of wo rd without a verb, especially one that forms part a sentence. The code mixing ca n be phrases are : Noun phrase Hornby (1995:791) states that noun phrase is a phrase whose function in a senten ce is equivalent to that of a noun. Adjective phrase Adjective phrase is a phrase whose function in a sentence is equivalent to that of adjectives. C. Code Mixing Factors Grosjean (1982) suggests some reasons for code-switching. For example, some bili nguals mix two languages when they cannot find proper words or expressions or wh en there is no appropriate translation for the language being used. Also, their interlocutors, situations, messages, attitudes, and emotions generate code-mixin g 1. Speaker The speaker or author in Sang Pemimpi novel has close relation in each other. Fo r example Itulah hukum fisika boi, karena Tuhan sesungguhnya memerintahkkan makhl uknya untuk setia.paham maksudku?. The sentence shows that the author calls her friend not using old brother in english or mas in indonesian, but he calls by cal ling boy. It means that the author is very close with her friend. The word boi s hows one of the factors that influence the code mixing. 2. Lawan bicara Lawan bicara also can be influence the code mixing. seseorang mampu menggunakan d ua bahasa bila ada kesempatan. Muhammad (2011:56). It means that there are many changes to have so many practice that can do it and they can be master of biling ual language. 3. Place and time English language as international language is learned in school and universities . Mastering the language may influence the speakers to mix the language with Ind onesian language in their daily conversation. The conversation could be formal o r informal situation. Sometimes the mixing is done by the speaker spontaneously or not purposely because they are habitual to use code mixing. The speakers have become accustomed to mix both language together when they speak. Formal place usually will be decrease to use the code mixing. Because code mixin g usually used in informal language. Beside that, code mixing often happend in d aily conversations. Based on the research of the researcher, in sang Pemimpi nov el, the artist used code mixing in their daily conversations. So, it means tha p lace and time is influence the code mixing. 4. Topic The differences topic also became influence the code mixing. If the topis is for mal, so the use of code mixing just a little. But if the topic is informal like daily conversations, so the use of code mixing is much. 5. Language level More and more high the language level people, it can be more and more high the use of code mixing. If the people can be mastery two or more language is called multilingual. 6. To follow the trend In making the story in the novel, the author uses some popular expression as som e young people do in everyday. By making varians in the use of language, it can be interested the young people. They can follow the trend based on the language in the novel. They also can increase their knowledge from the novel. The example from Sang Pemimpi novel that can be trend is ingin aku melakukan request pada bang zaitun untuk membawakan lagu itu. The word of request, now is a trend for young people to ask something to someone . Nowdays there are many music program which can request music what we want. Bes

ide that the researcher find Dimanakah inti daya tarik playboy cap dua cula ini? Jelas reputasinya sebagai ca sanova tidak dibangun berdasarkan penampilannya. The word of playboy also is a trend for young people especially a girl who said her boyfriend is a playboy. She has a reason why she called the boy with playboy . The meaning of Playboy is the boy who love more than two girls. 7. Prestige reason The use of code mixing in this case Indonesia and English languages shows the pr estige of the educational people. The researcher also find the statement in the novel that shows the prestige of educational people. Aku baru saja lulus kuliah, masih sebagai plonco fresh graduate, ketika membaca s ebuah pengumuman beasiswa strata dua yang diberikan Uni Eropa kepada sarjana sar jana indonesia. The word of fresh graduate has the meaning that the person is finding the study.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion Based on the data, the writer has analyzed that the novel has many kinds of code s which are interesting to be analyzed. There are many code mixing mixed with ot hers. 1. The code mixing in the novel are indonesian and english and also there i s a culture language that became a habit language in their conversation. 2. The forms of code mixing are code mixing types that include language and culture mix and code mixing tataran that include fonem, morfem, word and phrase . 3. In the word consist of noun, adjectives, verb and adverb and in the phra se consist of noun phrase and adjective phrase. 4. The factors that cause mixing in the novel are to influencce the use of code mixing. It is consist of speaker, lawan bicara, place and time, topic and l anguage level.

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