ABSTRACT

The earthquake is one of the geological disasters are not to be taken lightly. Earth money goes back millions of years, has experienced repeated shocks. The shock was not caused because of the movement that occurs in the earth's crust. The shock is exactly what we know as the Earthquakes.

DISCUSSION A. Understanding Earthquakes Earthquakes are a phenomenon of the movement of the earth's surface in the form of vibration caused by the movement that occurs in the earth. Regular earthquakes caused by the movement of the earth's crust (tectonic plates). The word earthquake is also used to indicate the origin of the occurrence of the earthquake. Our Earth is solid though, always moving, and earthquakes occur when stress happens because the movement was already too large to be arrested. Earthquakes happen every day on earth, but most are small and do not cause any damage. Small earthquakes can also accompany large earthquakes, and can occur after, before, or after the big earthquake. B. Types of Occurrence of Earthquakes and Processes 1. earthquake Tectonics

This is the most frequent type of earthquake occurs and the most damage and even loss of life. This earthquake caused by the movement of tectonic plates of the earth that occur suddenly, causing a vibration to the surface of the earth. In tectonic earthquake, not all parts of the earth's surface is potentially an earthquake, but more common in the area or the junction between the tectonic plates of the earth either on land or seafaring. Earth's tectonic plates are always defecate (30mm - 70mm per year), and if the layer of rock or soil are found in the earth's crust have been unable to resist the movement, there will be a slip and faulting that great energy due to the collision of the plates are separated by sudden arrived. The result of this will happen until the surface of the earth vibrations, and when vibration occurs in a large scale, then the impact will be very damaging, especially in buildings and can also be deadly. And there are other effects that impact is also very big this type of

earthquakes, the tsunami. When this earthquake occurred sea, ground movement that occurs suddenly towing can cause turbulent sea shore and caused huge waves that can have a height of up to tens of meters. 2. Volcanic earthquake

As the name implies, this earthquake occurred due to volcanic activity, although this is less common and occurs when the scale of this earthquake was not as tectonic earthquakes. The cause of this earthquake is the movement of magma into the volcano, where the shear in rocks produce earthquakes. As magma moves to the surface of the volcano, it moves and break rocks and resulted in prolonged vibration that can survive from several hours to several days. Volcanic earthquakes occurred in the area adjacent to the volcano, such as the Cascade Mountains in the western Pacific Ocean, Japan, the Highlands of Iceland, and the red dot as Hawaii volcano C. Earthquake Impact The main result is the destruction of the earthquake the buildings (a) due to ground shaking. Casualties usually occur because of falling rubble (b), exposed to landslides. If the source of the earthquake was in the ocean then it could generate a tsunami that hit coastal areas not only around the earthquake tetapiJuga reach several miles to the mainland (c). Biggest casualties caused by earthquake in Nias Indonesia occurred in March 2005 as many as 300 people. While the earthquake victims which then generates the largest tsunami casualties in Aceh and North Sumatra in December 2004, a total of 250,000.

D. Earthquake events terdahsyat 1. On earth An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale shook Haiti. Approximately 222,571 people died because of the many people living in the island nation in the Caribbean Sea region. United States Geological Survey (USGS) said the disaster was the biggest earthquake in Haiti in 200 years. In addition to causing thousands of casualties, the earthquake reportedly knocked down the presidential palace, buildings, and homes in various locations, including on the slopes of the hills. Five-story building owned by the United Nations (UN) was also razed to the ground after the earthquake. Point known earthquake centered at 18.45 degrees north latitude and 72.44 west longitude or within 16 km southwest of the capital city of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, on which about 1 million people inhabited. Based on the record of USGS, the earthquake occurred at 21:53 (GMT), January 12, 2010, or 16:53 pm local time, January 12, 2010, or 4:53 pm, Wednesday, January 13, 2010. The depth of the quake was only about 10 km resulting impact is very terrible. Not only in the region of the epicenter, but also in downtown Port-au-Prince with a population of

four million people. Conditions more severe because of the aftershocks that occur have a large enough force, reaching 5.9 SR. "As many as 27 aftershocks with great power occurs within the first few hours after the earthquake," according to the USGS. Eyewitnesses reported that the quake caused panic and utter chaos. Residents shouted "Lord, Lord," as he ran into the street, while buildings, hotels, houses and shops collapsed. Reuters Television footage from Port-au-Prince shows chaos on the streets are filled with human bodies and crying frantically. Many residents seemed dazed, confused, mixed sad, because they are relatives died, or are still buried under the debris of the building and can not be saved. Survivors and the dead covered in dust puingpuing building collapsed around him. The survivors rushed to the field to avoid a worse disaster. Electricity and communication networks broke, so people were forced to sleep in the dark and cold. They would appreciate the help. Reports of the number of dead, injured, and damage to the building is still uncertain because of damage to the telecommunications system in Haiti 2. In Indonesia Tectonic earthquake measuring 8.5 magnitude centered in the Indian Ocean (2.9 N and 95.6 BT at a depth of 20 km (in the sea is about 149 km south of the town of Meulaboh, Aceh). Earthquake was accompanied by a tidal wave (tsunami) that swept some offshore areas in Indonesia (Aceh and North Sumatra), Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, the Maldives and Thailand. while data on the number of deaths in the province of Aceh and North Sumatra, according to the Ministry of Social Affairs (11/1 / 2005) is 105,262 people. Earthquakes occur due to fracture of cracks along the 1,600 kilometers where the Indian tectonic plates collide beneath the Sunda plate. Fracture is estimated to have slipped 20-25 meters almost instantaneously. Banda Aceh is located near the part of the fracture is not moving at all, but the area was the most severe. Scientists think the fault is closer to the coast of Sumatra were ignored before, broke almost at the same time over a much larger cousin. Felix Waldhauser of Columbia University and a team of researchers analyzed thousands of aftershocks in the region since 2004. Epicenters of small earthquakes lined with unusual fractures show it and not the major faults that have been active in that area. Fracture critical by a team called the splay faults (oblique), the slicing Sunda plate much closer to the west coast of Sumatra, and with a steeper angle to the ocean floor than the main fault. This means that every time a fault splay, it pushes the ocean floor upward harder, causing a larger tsunami.