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Acme - The period of greatest intensity of any symptom, sign, or process.

Amniocentesis - Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac. Amnion - Innermost of the extra embryonic membranes enveloping the embryo in utero and containing the amniotic fluid; it consists of an internal embryonic layer with its ectodermal component and an external somatic mesodermal component; in the later stages of pregnancy the amnion expands to come in contact with and partially fuse to the inner wall of the chorionic sac; derived from the trophoblast cells. Attitude - 1. Position of the body and limbs. 2. Manner of acting. 3. Social or clinical psychology a relatively stable and enduring predisposition to behave or react in a certain way toward people, objects, institutions, or issues. Ballottement - The use of a finger to push sharply against the uterus and detect the presence or position of a fetus by its return impact. Bandls Ring - a constriction located at the junction of the thinned lower uterine segment with the thick retracted upper uterine segment, resulting from obstructed labour; this is one of the classic signs of threatened rupture of the uterus. Blastocyst - A thin-walled hollow structure in early embryonic development that contains a cluster of cells called the inner cell mass from which the embryo arises. The outer layer of cells gives rise to the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for fetal development within the uterus while the inner cell mass cells gives rise to the tissues of the body. Braxton Hicks - contractions, also known as false labor or practice contractions are sporadic uterine contractions that usually start around 6 weeks however are not usually felt until the second trimester or third trimester of pregnancy. Calkins Sign - the change of shape of the uterus from discoid to ovoid, indicating placental separation from the uterine wall. Conception - Fertilization - union of male and female gametes to form the diploid zygote, leading to development of a new individual. Cardinal Movements of Labor - the typical sequence of positions assumed by the fetus as it descends through the pelvis during labor and delivery. The positions are usually designated as engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation and expulsion.

Caul - A portion of the amnion, especially when it covers the head of a fetus at birth. Also called veil. Chadwicks Sign - is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina and vulva caused by venous congestion. It can be observed as early as 6-8 weeks afterconception, and is often used as an early sign of pregnancy. Crowning Crowning refers to when the widest part of the baby's head (or their crown) is emerging. At this point, the baby's crown, part of their forehead (nearly to their eyebrows) and the back of the baby's head can be clearly seen. Decrement - The act or process of decreasing or becoming gradually less. Denominator - the bottom line of a fraction; the base population on which population rates such as birth and death rates are calculated. Effacement - The thinning out of the cervix just before or during labor. Embryo - The organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation from fertilization to, in humans, the beginning of the third month of pregnancy. After that point in time, it is termed a fetus. Engagement - The entrance of the fetal head or presenting part into the upper opening of the maternal pelvis. Episiotomy - An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the area between the vagina and anus (perineum). This is done during the last stages of labor and delivery to expand the opening of the vagina to prevent tearing during the delivery of the baby. Foramen Ovale - An oval opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) that is a normal feature of the fetal and neonatal (newborn) circulation. The foramen ovale normally closes on its own by 3 months of age. Gravida - the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in. Goodell's sign - is an indication of pregnancy. It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix. Hegar's sign - is a non-specific indication of pregnancy in women its absence does not exclude pregnancy. It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus and consisits specifically in their increased softening/ compressibility; bluish and swollen appearance. Haase Rule - the length of the fetus in centimeters, divided by 5, is the duration of pregnancy in months, the age of the fetus.

Hydramnios - The presence of an excessive amount of amniotic fluid Implantation - In embryology, implantation refers specifically to the attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine lining, which occurs approximately 6 or 7 days after conception (fertilization). Involution - a retrograde change of the body or of an organ, as the retrograde changes in size of the female genital organs after delivery. Leopolds Maneuver - a series of four steps used in palpating the abdomen of a pregnant woman to determine position and presentation of the fetus. The Fundal Grip, Umbilical Grip, Pawliks Grip and Pelvic Grip. Lie - The manner or position in which something is situated, especially the relation that the long axis of a fetus bears to that of its mother. Lightening - The sensation of decreased abdominal distention during the latter weeks of pregnancy following the descent of the fetal head into the pelvic inlet. Lochia - The fluid that weeps from the vagina for a week or so after delivery of a baby. At first the lochia is primarily blood, followed by a more mucousy fluid containing dried blood, and finally a clear-to-yellow discharge. Lochia Rubra - that occurring immediately after childbirth, consisting almost entirely of blood. Lochia Serosa - the serous vaginal discharge occurring four or five days after childbirth. Lochia Alba - the final vaginal discharge after childbirth, when the amount of blood is decreased and the leukocytes are increased. Macrosomia - Overly large body. A child with macrosomia has significant overgrowth. Naegels Rule - rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date Oligohydramnios - A deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid in the gestational sac during pregnancy. - Deficiency of amniotic fluid sometimes resulting in an embryonic defect through adherence between embryo and amnion. Oxytocin - A short polypeptide hormone that is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle of the

uterus during labor, and facilitates release of milk from the breast during nursing. Ovulation - The release of the ripe egg from the ovary. The egg is released when the cavity surrounding it (the follicle) breaks open in response to a hormonal signal. Ovulation occurs around fourteen or fifteen days from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle. When ovulation occurs, the ovum moves into the fallopian tube and becomes available for fertilization. Para - Any woman who has given birth once or more is termed a "para." Parturition - The process of labor and delivery in the birth of a child. Parturient - giving birth or pertaining to birth; by extension, a woman in labor. Position - the relationship of a given point on the presenting part of the fetus to a designated point of the maternal pelvis. Presenting Part - the part of a baby which appears first during birth. Puerpera - a woman who has recently given birth, or is giving birth, and whose uterus is still distended. Puerperium - The time immediately after the delivery of a baby. (In Latin a "puerpera" is a woman in childbirth since "puer" means child and "parere" means to give birth.) Puerperal fever is childbirth (or childbed) fever due to an infection usually of the placental site within the uterus. If that infection involves the bloodstream, it constitutes puerperalsepsis. Quickening - The moment during pregnancy when the baby is first felt to move. Station - This is the measure of how far the baby has traveled down the birth canal. 'Zero station' means he hasn't yet descended, while 'fully engaged' means he is ready to be born. - The location of the presenting part of the fetus in the birth canal, designated as 5 to 1 according to the number of centimeters the part is above an imaginary plane passing through the ischial spines, 0 when at the plane, and +1 to +5 according to the number of centimeters the part is below the plane. Ultrasonography (Ultrasound) - the imaging of deep structures of the body by recording the echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues and reflected by tissue planes where there is a change in density. Diagnostic ultrasonography uses 110 megahertz waves.

Zygote - the diploid cell resulting from union of a male and a female gamete. More precisely, the cell after synapsis at the completion of fertilization until first cleavage. - The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum). The zygote develops into the embryo following the instruction encoded in itsgenetic material, the DNA.

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