PM - SME-169 - RAN-08 ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description V3.1

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description
Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Versio n Date Author Approved By Remarks
V2.5 V3.0 V3.1
2009-1-20 2009-2-27 2009-4-22
TanShuanJiang TanShuanJiang ShenWei
JiangMin JiangMin JiangMin
2009 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information of the document is subjected to change without notice.
ZTE Confidential Proprietary
2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Functional Attribute....................................................................................................................1 2 Overview 1 2.1 Function Introduction.................................................................................................................1 3 Technical Description.................................................................................................................2 3.1 Single Antenna Reception..........................................................................................................2 3.2 ZWF21-40-003 Two-Antenna Receive Diversity ........................................................................3 3.3 ZWF21-40-021 Four-Antenna Reception ..................................................................................6 3.4 ZWF21-40-005 Multi-RRU for One Cell .....................................................................................7 3.5 ZWF21-40-022 Transmit Diversity ...........................................................................................11 3.6 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80Km.........................................................................15 4 Parameters Related to Coverage Enhancement Control........................................................22 4.1 Parameters Related to RF Connection.....................................................................................22 4.2 Parameters Related to Receive Diversity.................................................................................33 4.3 Parameters Related to Multi-RRU One Cell.............................................................................36 4.4 Parameters Related to Transmit Diversity................................................................................46 4.5 Parameter Related to Extended Cell Range to 80Km...............................................................54 5 Glossary 54
II
Figures and Tables

Figure 1Connection of Single Antenna Reception.......................................................................3 Figure 2Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity..............................................................4 Figure 3Connection of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity..............................................................5 Figure 4Mechanism of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity.............................................................6 Figure 5Connection of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity.............................................................7 Figure 6Principle of Multi-RRU Combined Cell (1).......................................................................8 Figure 7Principle of Multi-RRU Combined Cell (2).......................................................................8 Figure 8Example on Multi-RRU Combined Cell...........................................................................9 Figure 9STTD in QPSK Mode......................................................................................................11 Figure 10STTD in 16QAM Mode..................................................................................................12 Figure 11STTD in 64QAM Mode..................................................................................................12 Figure 12TSTD of SCH.................................................................................................................13 Figure 13Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity Mode of DPCH/HS-PDSCH.....................................14 Figure 14Connection of Transmit Diversity...............................................................................14 Figure 15Sections of Radio propagation on the Sea.................................................................16 Figure 16Propagation Curve.......................................................................................................19 Figure 17Connection of TMA......................................................................................................20
Functional Attribute
System version: [RNC V3.07.300, NODE B V4.00.100, OMMR V3.17.300, and OMMB V4.00.100] Attribute: [Optional] Involved NEs: UE Node B
RNC
MSCS -
MGW -
SGSN -
GGSN -
HLR -
Note: *-:Not involved. *: Involved. Dependency: [None] Mutual-exclusion function: [None] Note: [None]
2
2.1
Overview
Function Introduction
During network planning and construction, it is necessary to consider the coverage enhancement technology to the uplink/downlink according to network load and service, with a view to offsetting the deficiency of coverage capacity in a specific direction. This document describes the main uplink/downlink coverage enhancement technologies (TwoAntenna receive diversity, Four-antenna receive diversity, Transmit diversity, Multi-RRU for one cell, and Extended Cell Range to 80km ) of ZTE UMTS in respect of functions and usage.
2.1.1
Multi-Antenna Receive Diversity

The diversity technology is implemented by searching and utilizing the independent multipath signals in the radio propagation environment in nature. In short, the technology is to select two or more signals among multiple signals for merging, so as to raise the instantaneous SNR and average SNR of the receiver at the same time. Diversity is an anti-fading technology in the field of mobile communication. It is also a powerful receiving technology that improves the radio link performance greatly. In practice, such technologies as multi-path diversity, multi-antenna receive diversity, and macro diversity, are used to increase the uplink coverage.
ZTE s UMTS enables multi-path diversity reception and MRC (maximal ratio combining) of signals through a Rake receiver. ZTE s UMTS uses the multi-antenna receive diversity technology, for example, TwoAntenna receive diversity and four-antenna receive diversity. ZTE s UMTS supports soft handover and softer handover.
2.1.2
Multi-RRU For One Cell

In special environments, a large number of antennas are required for covering a complicated area while too much cells may increase network management load. In this case, it can be considered to merging multiple RRUs and their antenna coverage areas into one logic cell. In the view of Node B and RNC, these coverage areas belong to the same cell. This technology is the multi-RRU for one cell.
2.1.3
Transmit Diversity
Transmit diversity is to transmit a signal through multiple antennas of a BTS. In a fading environment, transmit diversity enables a UE to receive multi-path signals and better signal quality, thus improving the performance of the radio communication system effectively. ZTE s UMTS uses open-loop transmits diversity and closed-loop transmit diversity mode 1. In the open-loop mode, no feedback information is available between the UE and Node B. Open-loop transmit diversity includes Space-Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) and Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD). In the closed-loop mode, the UE sends the feedback information to Node B so as to optimize the transmission of the diversity antennas. Open-loop transmit diversity requires no signaling overhead and make the mobile stations process quickly. However, this mode does not utilize the channel information. Closed-loop transmit diversity has high performance in a low-speed moving environment, but its control mode is more complex.
2.1.4
Extended Cell Range

Due to its powerful baseband processing capability and searching capability, ZTE s UMTS ensures random access of the cells within the distance of 80 km. The ZTE s UMTS supports the Extended Cell Range (as distant as 80 km) through various coverage enhancement technologies including multi-antenna reception, transmit diversity, and antenna feeder optimization.
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3.1
Technical Description
Single Antenna Reception
When Single Antenna Reception is used, you need to set the RxDiversity parameter to 1: Single Antenna Rx. In addition, you need to configure one receiving RF connection: configure RFRxID[1] (receiving RF connection 1) to Antenna 1. By default, a single RRU and single antenna are configured. When Single Antenna Reception is configured, the transmit-antenna only can be connected with the TX/RX path of RRU and the receive-antenna can be connected with the TX/RX or RX, path of RRU i.e. any one of TX/RX and RX can be used as receive-antenna. Fingure 1 in below shows the hardware connection of Single Antenna Reception. The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to the power amplifier module, DF refers to the duplexer and filter.
Figure 1
Connection of Single Antenna Reception
3.2
ZWF21-40-003 Two-Antenna Receive Diversity

Receive diversity includes multi-path diversity, multi-antenna diversity, and softer handover. It makes no difference when the Rake receiver processes these types of diversity. The RF can receive and utilize all the energy transmitted from the multiple paths of the multiple antennas, when the corresponding demodulation multiple fingers are allocated to the configured multi-path signals. Therefore, multi-antenna receive diversity is based on the Rake receiver. When Two-Antenna receive diversity is used, you need to set the RxDiversity parameter to 2:2-antenna Rx Diversity. In addition, you need to configure two receiving RF connections: configure RFRxID[1] (receiving RF connection 1) to Antenna 1, and configure RFRxID[2] (receiving RF connection 1) to Antenna 2. 2.1.4 shows the mechanism of Two-Antenna receive diversity.
Reflector
RF Unit (RRU RF process
Base Band UnitBBU Multi-path detection and assignation
Antenna 1
U E Antenna 2 RF process
Finger demodulation
MRC
Symbol level process
Figure 2
Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity
Two-Antenna receiver diversity works on the following principle: 1 2 The radio signals received by the Two-Antennas are processed by RF units respectively, and then are sent to the base band unit (BBU) of Node B. The BBU receives the Rake signal and performs the subsequent processing. The Rake receiver mainly performs the following functions: Multi-path detection and assignation Finger demodulation MRC
For Two-Antenna receive diversity, the multi-path detection and assignation module searches the Two-Antennas at the same time, merges the lag energy values of the TwoAntennas, and assigns demodulation fingers for some multi-path delays in descending order of the energy. For the assigned demodulation fingers, the Rake receiver centrally performs the following demodulation operations: descrambling, dispreading, channel estimation and compensation, and frequency offset estimation and compensation. Finally, the Rake receiver performs the MRC operation for the demodulation results of all paths, and performs the subsequent symbol level processing. 2.1.4 shows the hardware connection of Two-Antenna receive diversity.
A T1 N R&T
A T2 N R
R U /R R SU D F T 2R R TR +PA
BU B
Figure 3 Connection of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity
The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to the power amplifier module, DF refers to the duplexer and filter, ANT1 refers to Antenna 1, and ANT2 refers to Antenna 2. By default, a single RRU and single antenna are configured. Therefore, you need to configure the RF connection for the Rake receiver before configuring double antennas or multiple antennas. The detailed procedure is as follows: 1 Add the rack table that contains the new RRU to the configuration. The rack table contains the following parameters: Rack.RackNo and Rack.RackType (it depends on the product model of the RRU/RSU module). Add the corresponding topology table. Note that RackTopology. RackNo, RackTopology.ShelfNo, and RackTopology.SlotNo should be configured to the data of the rack that accommodates the BBU. RackTopology.PortID should be set to the number of the port between the FS board of the BBU and the TX/RX of the RRU. RackTopology.ChildRackNo, RackTopology.ChildShelfNo, and RackTopology.ChinldSlotNo reflects the information on the newly added RRU rack. RackTopology.ChildPortID should be set to the number of the optical port between the RRU and BBU, and RackTopology.TopologyType (the topology type of the RRU) to Star or Chain. Add the corresponding RF connection table. The table contains RFConnection .RFGroupID and RFConnection.RTSign. For the RF connection of main antennas, RFConnection.RTSign can be set to 0: Transmit or 1:Receive. For the RF connection of diversity antennas, RFConnection.RTSign should be set to 1: Receive. RFConnection.RFType and RFConnection.ResourceType should be set as needed. Add the corresponding RF central frequency point table. RFCentralFrequencyPoint..RackNo, RFCentralFrequencyPoint.ShelfNo, and RFCentralFrequencyPoint.SlotNo should be set to the rack information configured at Step 1 and Step 2. RFCentralFrequencyPoint.RadioMode should be set to WCDMA. RFCentralFrequencyPoint (.OperBand) and RFCentralFrequencyPoint.CentralFreq should be set as planned.
3.3
ZWF21-40-021 Four-Antenna Reception

2.1.4 shows the mechanism of four-antenna receive diversity.
Reflector RF Unit1 (RRU RF process Base Band UnitBBU
Antenna 1
Multi-path detection and assignation
U E
Antenna 2
RF process Finger demodulation MRC
Antenna 3
RF process
Antenna 4
RF process RF Unit 2(RRU
Symbol level process
Figure 4
Mechanism of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity
Four-antenna receiver diversity works on the following principle: 1 Four-antenna receive diversity is implemented through two RF units. Each RF unit inputs two channels of antenna signals, which are processed by two independent RF channels of the RF units and then are sent to the BBU of Node B. The BBU performs the following Rake processing: The multi-path detection and assignation module searches four antennas at the same time, merges the lag energy values of Two-Antennas of each RF unit respectively, and thus obtains two groups of combined energy values. Then, the module assigns demodulation fingers in descending order of the energy respectively. The module obtains two groups of assignation results, which correspond to the two Two-Antenna groups of the two RF units respectively. When four-antenna receive diversity is used, you need to set the RxDiversity parameter to 3:4-antenna Rx Diversity. You need to configure four receiving RF connections at the same time: Set RFRxID[1] (receiving RF connection 1) to Antenna 1 Set RFRxID[2] (receiving RF connection 2) to Antenna 2 Set RFRxID[3] (receiving RF connection 3) to Antenna 3 Set RFRxID[4] (receiving RF connection 4) to Antenna 4
The subsequent processing is the same as that for Two-Antenna receive diversity. 2.1.4 shows the hardware connection of four-antenna diversity. It shows that the hardware
configuration of four-antenna diversity is equal to the configuration of multiple suites of Two-Antenna diversity.
ANT1 R ANT2 R ANT3 R&T ANT4 R
RRU/RSU DF 2RX RTR
RRU/RSU DF TX 2RX
RTR+PA
BBU
Figure 5 Connection of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity
The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to the power amplifier module, DF refers to the duplexer and filter, ANT1 refers to Antenna 1, ANT2 refers to Antenna 2, ANT3 refers to Antenna 3, and ANT4 refers to Antenna 4. The procedure of adding new RF connections to four-antenna receive diversity is the same as that of adding new RF connections to two-antenna receive diversity.
3.4
ZWF21-40-005 Multi-RRU for One Cell

A multi-RRU combined cell is to merge the multiple cells covered by multiple RRUs into one cell. From another point of view, it is equal to the following process: The coverage area of one cell is divided into multiple sectors or multiple areas, The sectors or coverage areas use different antennas for receiving signals, The signals are combined in the baseband.
The transmitting signals of all sectors or coverage areas are the same. 2.1.4 shows the detailed signal processing flow.
RRU
M ulti path detection and assignation
BBU
...
RA K E finger demodulation
RRU
MRC
Symbol rate process and higher layer process D ow nlink signal generation
RNC
...
RRU
D ow nlink signal copy
Figure 6
Principle of Multi-RRU Combined Cell (1)
As shown in 2.1.4, the same carriers of three RRUs are combined into one cell, and the coverage areas of these three RRUs are different from each other. In the uplink direction, the signals received by multiple RRUs are sent to the BBU respectively. The BBU performs multi-path detection and RAKE demodulation for the signals of each RRU, performs the MRC operation for the signals of each demodulated RRU (only one RRU or multiple RRUs have signals possibly), and then performs the subsequent processing. In the combined cell, it is obvious that the handover between RRU coverage areas is complete during multi-path detection and assignation without the signaling exchange and control of the RNC and UE. In the downlink direction, the generated downlink signals are copied and sent to multiple RRUs, thus attaining the effect of total-cell transmitting.
RRU
RRU
Multi-path detection and assignation

Weighted combination
BBU
RRU
...
RAKE finger demodulation
RRU
Weighted combination Weighted combination
MRC
Symbol rate process and higher layer process
RNC
...
RRU
Downlink signal copy
Downlink signal generation
RRU
Figure 7
Principle of Multi-RRU Combined Cell (2)
For a cell comprising more RRUs, the signals of the receiving antennas of some RRUs can be weighted according to the receiving power, be combined into one data stream, and then undergo subsequent detection and demodulation with a view to reducing the resource consumption of multi-path detection. 2.1.4 shows the merge of six RRUs. The coverage areas of these RRUs can be different from each other. The multi-RRU merge technology has the following advantages: Decrease the number of cells in a mobile communication network, simplify network planning and adjacency configuration in the RNC, reduce the frequency of handover controlled by the RNC greatly, implement the handover between coverage areas
inside a cell through Node B, and improve subscriber experience and system performance. One cell is covered by multiple RRUs and with their antennas. The coverage area of one cell can be so flexible as not to be limited to sectorial coverage or round coverage. It well caters to the coverage needs in special scenarios, for example, a complex urban area, inside a building, or along a traffic route. Attain the space division multiplexing effect in the uplink division: The uplink throughput of one cell can be equal to several times as high as that of a conventional cell. The downlink signals of the same cell are transmitted by multiple RRUs. Downlink diversity gain can be attained in the overlap coverage area of different RRUs, thus improving the network coverage quality and raising the HSDPA throughput of each individual UE.
2.1.4 shows an example of cell coverage. Assume that omni-directional round cells are not suitable to coverage in this dense urban area due to the obstruction of buildings, and if a conventional coverage method is used, In 2.1.4, each diamond-shaped area needs to be covered by one cell, and thus a total of 12 cells are required. Through the multi-RRU merge technology, a hexagonal area (approximate to a round in practice), which comprises three adjacent diamond-shaped areas (approximate to a sector in practice), is used as the coverage area of one cell. Three RRUs and their antennas are used to cover three diamond-shaped areas. As a result, only four cells are enough for the same network coverage. Generally, the technology decreases the number of required cells greatly, and reduces the frequency of handover controlled by the RNC.
S13 S11 Cell 1 S23 S21 Cell 2 S22 S33 S31 Cell3 S32
Figure 8 Example on Multi-RRU Combined Cell
S12
S43 S41 Cell 4 S42
Compared with the traditional sector networking mode, the merge technology has the following disadvantages:
While the number of required cells is decreased and downlink UPAs and code resources are scheduled basing on a cell, the downlink system throughput is reduced greatly (although the average peak throughput per UE can be raised). Downlink signals are transmitted by multiple RRUs at the same time, but UEs are usually distributed in the coverage area of one RRU, thus multiplying the downlink power consumption. If there are a large number of RRUs, the signals of these RRUs undergo weighted combination before descrambling and dispreading. As a result, the combined RRUs interfere with each other, thus affecting the receiving performance.
ZTE s UMTS supports five types of multi-RRU cell configuration (two RRUs, three RRUs, four RRUs, five RRUs, and six RRUs) as follows: 2-RRU Cell: Configure RxDiversity to 4: 2-RRU Cell and configure four receiving antenna parameters (configure RFRxID[1] to the main antenna of the first RRU, configure RFRxID[2] to the diversity antenna of the first RRU, configure RFRxID[3] to the main antenna of the second RRU, and configure RFRxID[4] to the diversity antenna of the second RRU,). Configure TxDiversity to 3: 2-RRU Cell, and configure two transmitting antenna parameters (configure RFTxID[1] to the transmitting main antenna of the first RRU, and configure RFTxID[2] to the transmitting main antenna of the second RRU. 3-RRU Cell: Configure RxDiversity to 5: 3-RRU Cell and configure six receiving antenna parameters (configure RFRxID[1] to the main antenna of the first RRU, configure RFRxID[2] to the diversity antenna of the first RRU, configure RFRxID[3] to the main antenna of the second RRU, configure RFRxID[4] to the diversity antenna of the second RRU, configure RFRxID[5] to the main antenna of the third RRU, and configure RFRxID[6] to the diversity antenna of the third RRU). Configure TxDiversity to 4: 3-RRU Cell, and configure three transmitting antenna parameters (configure RFTxID[1] to the transmitting main antenna of the first RRU, configure RFTxID[2] to the transmitting diversity antenna of the second RRU, and configure RFTxID[3] to the transmitting main antenna of the third RRU. 4-RRU Cell: Configure eight receiving antennas and four transmitting antennas (the receiving antennas should be configured to receiving RF connections 1 to 8, and the transmitting antennas should be configured to transmitting RF connections 1 to 4). 5-RRU Cell: Configure ten receiving antennas and five transmitting antennas (the receiving antennas should be configured to receiving RF connections 1 to 10, and the transmitting antennas should be configured to transmitting RF connections 1 to 5). 6-RRU Cell: Configure 12 receiving antennas and six transmitting antennas (the receiving antennas should be configured to receiving RF connections 1 to 12, and the transmitting antennas should be configured to transmitting RF connections 1 to 6).
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The procedure of adding new RF connections to the multi-RRU combined cell is the same as that of adding new RF connections to two-antenna receive diversity.
3.5
ZWF21-40-022 Transmit Diversity

This section describes the technical principle of transmit diversity in detail, including Space-Time Transmit Diversity (STTD), Time-Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD), and closed-loop transmit mode 1.
3.5.1
Space-Time Transmit Diversity

For STTD, the antenna data is encoded through the space time block and is sent to the main antenna and diversity antenna respectively. The space time block code varies with the modulation mode. 3.5.1 shows the STTD codes of QPSK, 16QAM, and 64 QAM. b i, i=0, 1, 2 are channel bits. For the AICH, E-RGCH, and E-HICH, the bi means other channels, If If If
bi . For
bi is defined as follows:
bi = 0, bi = 1 bi = 1, bi = 0 bi b = other values, bi = bi
i
b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna
b0 b1 b2 b3
Symbols
b2 b3 b0 b1
A ntenna
STTD encoded symbols for antenna 1 and antenna

Figure 9 STTD in QPSK Mode
11
Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7
Antenna 2 Symbols
b4 b5 b6 b7 b0 b1 b2 b3
STTD encoded symbols for antenna 1 and antenna 2

Figure 10 STTD in 16QAM Mode
Antenna 1 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10
b11
Symbols b6 b7 b8 b9 b10
Antenna 2 b11 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5
STTD encoded symbols for antenna 1 and antenna 2
Figure 11
STTD in 64QAM Mode
If space time transmit diversity is used, you need to set TxDiversity to 2: Two-Antenna transmit diversity, set RFTxID[1] to Antenna 1, and set RFTxID[1] to Antenna 2.
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To use space time transmit diversity, you need to configure the RNC appropriately, for example, set TxDivInd to 1: Active. If configuring transmit diversity for a dedicated channel, you need to set PCCPCH.SttdInd of the P-CCPCH to 1: Active, and set PSCH.SttdInd of the P-SCH to 1: Active. If configuring transmit for a dedicated channel, the transmit diversity of the preceding three physical channels must be activated. To use the transmit diversity of the DPCH/F-DPCH, you need to set TxDivMod to STTD. To use the transmit diversity of the S-CCPCH, you need to set SCCPCH.SttdInd to 1: Active. To use the transmit diversity of the S-CPICH, you need to set SCPICH.SttdInd to 1: Active. To use the transmit diversity of the AICH, MICH, and PICH, you need to set AICH.SttdInd, MICH.SttdInd, and PICH.SttdInd to 1: Active.
3.5.2
Time Switched Transmit Diversity

TSTD is only used for a SCH, as shown in follow figure. Cp refers to the primary synchronization code (PSC), and csi,k refers to the secondary synchronization code (SSC). i (= 0, 1, 63) refers to the number of scrambling groups. k (= 0, 1, 14) refers to the slot number. If the slot number is an even number, the PSC and SSC are transmitted by Antenna 1. If the slot number is an odd number, the PSC and SSC are transmitted by Antenna 2. If the P-CCPCH uses the STTD codes, a = a +1. Otherwise, a = 1.
Slot #0 acp acsi,0
(Tx OFF)
Slot #1 acp acsi,2
Slot #2 acp acsi,14

(Tx OFF)
Slot #14
Antenna 1
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
acp acsi,1
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Figure 12
TSTD of SCH
If TSTD is used, you need to set SCH.TstdInd to 1: Active.
3.5.3
Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity Mode I

Closed-loop transmit diversity mode 1 is mainly used for a dedicated physical channel (DPCH/HS-PDSCH), as shown in 3.5.3. After being spread and scrambled, the DPCH/HSPDSCH data is divided into master antenna data stream and diversity antenna data stream, which are multiplied by w1 and w2 respectively, and then are sent to the antennas. w1 and w2 are generated from the feedback information bits of the uplink
13
DPCCH that Node B reads.
w1 = 1 / 2 ,
w2 =
1 j . For closed-loop transmit diversity mode 2
1, the Two-Antennas use orthogonal pilot symbols. You need to set TxDiversity to 2: Two-Antenna transmit diversity, set RFTxID[1] to Antenna 1, and set RFTxID[1] to
Antenna 2.
C P IC H 1 w1 DPCH/ H S-P D S C H S p re a d /sc ra m b le w1 w2 C P IC H 2 w2
An1 t
A n t2
W e ig h t G e n e ra tio n
D e te rm in e w e ig h t in fo m e s s a g e fro m th e u p lin k
Figure 13
Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity Mode of DPCH/HS-PDSCH
3.5.4
Connection of Transmit Diversity

3.5.4 shows the transmit diversity connection.
ANT1 R&T
ANT2 R&T
RRU/RSU DF T R
RRU/RSU DF T RTR+PA R
RTR+PA
BBU
Figure 14 Connection of Transmit Diversity
14
The RTR serves as a transceiver. PA refers to the power amplifier module, DF refers to the duplexer and filter, ANT1 refers to Antenna 1, and ANT2 refers to Antenna 2. The procedure of adding new RF connections to the transmit diversity is the same as that of adding new RF connections to two-antenna receive diversity.
3.6
ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80Km

The scenarios of extended cell include seas, deserts, grasslands, mountainous region , and mountains; ZTE s UMTS supports the cells as distant as 80 km. When configuring the extended Cell Range 80 km, you need to set dwCellRadius to 80,000 m. To attain a better coverage effect, the following coverage enhancement measures can be taken: Reduce the path loss by adjusting the mounting height of antennas and lowering the carrier band. Improve the sensitivity by using directional antennas and tower mounted amplifiers and reducing the noise figure of the receivers. Improve the processing gain: For example, use the AMR codes. Improve the baseband processing capability to enhance the cell search capability. Reduce the fading margin through various diversity technologies (multi-path diversity, antenna diversity, and macro diversity)
3.6.1
Reduction of Path Loss

The typical application of extended cell is sea coverage. Depending on the coverage distance, the radio propagation environment on the sea is divided into three sections: A, B, and C. 3.6.1 shows its schematic diagram.
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Figure 15
Sections of Radio propagation on the Sea
The following shows the details: i ii iii 1 Section A: The distance from the BTS to its visual range point is set to d1. Section B: The distance from the visual range point of the BTS to the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs is set to d2. Section C: The distance of the shadow area beyond the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs is set to d.
Formula of line-of-sight propagation loss The propagation distance of radio electromagnetic waves on the sea can exceed the visible distance through diffraction. The earth is a sphere. Assume that the mounting height of the BTS is Ht meters and the height of UE is Hr meters. The combined maximum visible distance (line-of-sight distance) of the BTS and UE is as follows:
d = 2 R ( Ht + Hr ) (km)
(1)
R refers to the radius of the earth. Considering the impact of atmospheric refraction on the propagation of radio electromagnetic waves, the equivalent earth radius Re is usually used instead of R. In the conditions of standard atmospheric refraction, Re = 8,500 km. Therefore, Formula (1) is changed into the following formula:
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d = 4.12( Ht + Hr ) (km)
(2)
The radio propagation environment on the sea is divided into three sections: A, B, and C. Section A: The distance from the BTS to the visual range point is set to d1.
d 1 = 4.12 Ht (km)
(3)
Section B: The distance from the visual range point of the BTS to the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs is set to d2. Based on Formula (2), the following formula can be derived:
d 2 = 4.12 Hr (km)
(4)
Section C: The shadow area beyond the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs, that is, the area with the propagation distance beyond d1+d2. 2 Formula of path loss during radio propagation Section A: Within the propagation distance of Section A, the radio propagation environment is very good on the sea and is similar to the propagation environment in free space. The mounting height of the BTS and height of UEs have little impact on propagation path loss, but have some impact on applicable distance and slope of path loss. The component of reflected waves is smaller than that of direct waves, and has little impact on the prediction of statistical median of the receiving level. Therefore, it can be ignored. For Section A, the formula on propagation path loss is as follows:
Lp = 32.44 + 20 lg f + 10 lg( dkm)

where,
(5)
Lp refers to the propagation path loss on the sea; dkm refers to the distance (km) between the test point and the BTS; dkm d1.
f
refers to the carrier frequency (MHz). refers to the slope of path loss. Its value range is 2.6 to 3.4.
Section B: Section B is a transition from the approximate free space to the shadow globe area. At the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs, the additional diffraction loss is about 6 dB. If the accuracy of prediction is ensured, the formula on propagation path loss in Section B is as follows:
Lp = 32.44 + 20 lg f + 10 lg(dkm) + 6(dkm d 1) / d 2 (6)

where,
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the parameters are the same as those of Section A, for example, d1dkmd1+d2. Section C: Section C is in the shadow globe area. You need to refer to the diffraction loss model and revise the model properly. In addition, you need to consider the environmental features of radio propagation on the sea and the operability of coverage prediction. The formula on propagation path loss is as follows:
Lp = 32.44 + 20 lg f + 10 lg( dkm) + 20 lg 0.5e ( 0.450.62 v ) v

where, L refers to the wavelength (km).
(7)
v = Re[1 sin( + ) (sin + sin )]
2dkm (d 1 + d 2)[ (dkm ( d 1 + d 2)]
(8)
Re refers to the equivalent earth radius when the impact of atmospheric refraction on radio electromagnetic waves is taken into account. In the condition of standard atmospheric refraction, Re = 8,500 km. = (d1+d2)/Re: It refers to the included angle of the combined visual range of the BTS and UEs to the revised earth model (unit: radian). = [dkm-(d1+d2)]/Re: It refers to the included angle between the test point and the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs to the revised earth model (unit: radian). The parameters are the same as those of Section A, for example, dkm d1+d2. 3 The total propagation loss is equal to the sum of propagation loss in Sections A, B, and C.
Assume that the preceding path loss model is used. 3.6.1 shows a typical extended cell link propagation curve.
18
Figure 16
Propagation Curve
Section A is the line-of-sight propagation range and is also the main coverage area of over-distance coverage. To widen the line-of-sight propagation range, the most effective means is to raise the altitude height of the BTS antenna and altitude height of the UE antenna, and reduce the carrier frequency. In practice, it is difficult to stipulate the altitude height of UEs by force. Therefore, the effective means is to raise the altitude height of the BTS antenna. Additionally, it is also an effective means to reduce the carrier transmit frequency. For example, assume that the altitude height of the UE antenna is 3 meters. To ensure the coverage distance of 80 km, the altitude height of the BTS antenna should be 310 meters (in the frequency band of 2.1 GHz) or 260 meters (in the frequency band of 900 MHz).
3.6.2
Optimization of Antenna
ZTE UMTS extended cell solution considers the gain of directional antennas. A high-gain directional antenna can be used to raise the receiving gain and the coverage distance significantly. A directional antenna brings a far higher gain than an omnidirectional antenna (usually by 6 to 7 dB). Therefore, the coverage radius of a macrocell directional BTS is far greater than that of an omnidirectional BTS. A directional transmitting antenna is intended to improve the efficient utilization of the transmitted power and raise the confidentiality. A directional receiving antenna is intended to enhance the immunity from interference and raise the coverage distance.
19
The actual gain of a directional antenna is related to the angle of the antenna. Usually, the smaller the lobewidth is, the higher the gain is and the longer the coverage distance is. The smaller the lobewidth is, the more cells are required.
ANTENNNA
ANTENNNA
ANTENNNA
+45 -45 i Tx/ Rx Tx/ Rx D v J um pers
+45 -45 i Tx/ Rx Tx/ Rx D v
+45 -45 i Tx/ Rx Tx/ Rx D v
TMA
TMA
TMA
7 8 Feeder Cabl es /
J um pers
Tx/ RxTx/ Rx D v i Sector 1
Tx/ Rx
Tx/ Rx Dv i
Tx/ Rx Tx/ Rx D v i Sector 3
Sector 2 Node B UMTS
Figure 17
Connection of TMA
A TMA is used to amplify the uplink signals. Usually, it is installed between the main feeder and the upside jumper (the 1/2 jumper connected to the antenna) so as to offset the deficiency of the uplink during the balanced budget between the uplink and downlink. ZTE s extended cell solution fully considers the functions and advantages of the TMA, and uses the TMA technology to avoid system noise deterioration caused by overlength of the feeder and improve the system sensitivity. As an important coverage enhancement means, the TMA technology is widely applied. It is mainly used in extended cell scenarios, for example, suburban areas, rural areas, sea surface, and deserts.
20 2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary
Customers can select the electrical downtilt antenna and TMA solution for the AISG interface. The solution allows you to adjust the downtilt angle of the antenna and TMA gain through remote or local control software, thus facilitating fine adjustment and network optimization.
3.6.3
Cell Searching Capability

For an extended cell, the greater the cell radius is, the larger the multi-path search window of the Node B uplink is and the more search resources have to be consumed. ZTE s Node B baseband processing board uses the ASIC chip with proprietary intellectual property. The ASIC chip is so designed as to consider the search capability of the extended cell. ZTE s baseband processing board supports the baseband processing capability and search capability of the over-distance (80 km) coverage cell and reserves the PRACH preamble search and message demodulation resources without occupying the CE resources of the baseband.
3.6.4
AMR Code
The bit rate affects the uplink coverage. If the bit rate is very high, the processing gain is very low and the coverage area is very small. An AMR vocoder can be used to raise the coverage area of the voice service effectively. The AMR vocoder is a single voice codec. Its source rate can be 12.2 (GSM-EFR), 10.2, 7.95, 7.40 (IS-641), 6.70 (PDC-EFR), 5.90, 5.15, and 4.75kbit/s. Dynamic AMR adjustment is to adjust the rate of the uplink/downlink AMR service dynamically to adapt to the ever-changing radio environment. In the UMTS, the radio environment between the UE and BTS is constantly changing. When the UE moves to the edge of the coverage area or if the radio environment is bad, the BTS or UE transmits higher power through closed-loop power control so as to ensure the QoS of the AMR service. As a result, the power is further raised, the radio environment is further deteriorated, and the system capacity is reduced. Furthermore, the QoS cannot be ensured even if the power is raised to an ultimate value. In this case, you can lower the AMR, offset the deterioration of the radio environment through high spreading gain, and reduce the power overhead. If the radio environment between the UE and BTS is very good and if the transmit power of the BTS or UE is very low, you can raise the AMR to provide a higher QoS so long as the experience of other subscribers or system performance is not affected. ZTE s UMTS supports the dynamic AMR adjustment based on the transmit power of the dedicated channel: When the transmit power of the uplink UE is very high, the uplink AMR is reduced at the UE side under the control of the RNC. When the dedicated transmit power of the downlink Node B is very high, the downlink AMR is reduced at the CN side under the control of the RNC. If the transmit power of the uplink UE is very low and system load is very low, the uplink AMR is raised at the UE side under the control of the RNC. If the dedicated transmit power of the downlink Node B is very low and system load is very low, the downlink AMR is raised at the CN side under the control of the RNC.
21
The RNC sends the TFC CONTROL message to the UE so as to control the uplink AMR at the UE side. The RNC sends the IUUP rate control frame to the CN so as to control the downlink AMR at the CN side. You can attain the link budget gain by reducing the AMR. The calculation formula is as follows:
Gain _ AMR = 10 * log 10(
12.2 + 12.2 10
3 dB 10 3 dB 10
bitrate _ AMR(kb / s) + 12.2 10
For the 12.2-Kbps AMR voice service, the power difference between the DPCCH and DPDCH is -3 dB. When the AMR is varying, the power of the DPCCH remains unchanged. When the AMR goes down, the power of the DPDCH is reduced. 3.6.4shows the mapping between the AMR and the gain of the 12.2-Kbps voice service.
Table 1 Mapping Between AMR and Coverage Gain
AMR (Kbps) 12.2 10.2 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75
Coverage Gain (dB) 0 0.5 1.15 1.32 1.55 1.83 2.11 2.27
The coverage gain varies with the coverage scenario. The coverage gain is mainly related to the path loss factors. For over-distance coverage, the coverage gain varies with the height of the BTS antenna.
4
4.1
4.1.1
Parameters Related to Coverage Enhancement Control

Parameters Related to RF Connection
Parameter List
Abbreviated name Parameter name Rack Configuration Table RackNo Rack No
22
RackType RackNo ShelfNo SlotNo PortID ChildRackNo ChildShelfNo ChildSlotNo ChildPortID TopologyType RFGroupID RTSign RFType ResourceType RackNo ShelfNo SlotNo RadioMode OperBand CentralFreq DualCfgMode
Rack Type Rack No Shelf No Slot No Port ID Child Rack No Child Shelf No Child Slot No Child Port ID RRU Connection Mode RF Connection ID Transceiving Flag RF Connection Type Resource Type Radio Rack No Radio Shelf No Radio Slot No Radio Mode Frequency Band Central Transmitting Frequency GW Double Config Mode
Rack Topology Configuration Table
RF Connection Table
RF Central Frequency Point Table
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
Parameter Configuration
Rack No
Parameter Description Rack No RackNo The parameter indicates the rack number. Range: [1, 25] Step: 1 N/A 1
Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path
23
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Configuration -> Rack No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the rack number.
4.1.2.2
Rack Type
Parameter Description Rack Type RackType The parameter indicates the rack type. Range: [1, 30] N/A 1
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Configuration -> Rack Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the rack type. When the rack number is 1, you can only select the main rack that matches the BTS type, and you cannot modify this rack type. When the rack number is larger than 1, you can select a RRU rack (R8810, R8840, ZXSDR R8860 GU960, RU02, and RU02E).
4.1.2.3
Rack No
Parameter Description Rack No RackNo The parameter indicates the number of the upper-level rack in the topology. N/A N/A N/A
24
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Rack No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the upper-level rack in the topology. Its value is equal to the number of a configured rack that serves as an upper-level rack.
4.1.2.4
Shelf No
Parameter Description Shelf No ShelfNo The parameter indicates the number of the shelf accommodating the upper-level board in the topology. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Shelf No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the shelf accommodating the upper-level board in the topology. Its value is automatically specified.
4.1.2.5
Slot No
Parameter Description Slot No SlotNo The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the upper-level board in the topology. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Slot No
25
The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the upper-level board in the topology. Its value is automatically specified.
4.1.2.6
Port ID
Parameter Description Port ID PortID The parameter indicates the number of the available port of the upper-level board. The vale range varies with the board type. FSA/CCI: 0-5; the number of the port of the board in the RRU can only be 1. N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Port ID Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the available port of the upper-level board. The value range is automatically adjusted according to the selected upper-level board.
4.1.2.7
Child Rack No
Parameter Description Child Rack No ChildRackNo The parameter indicates the number of the lower-level rack. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Child Rack No Parameter Configuration
26
The parameter indicates the number of the lower-level rack in the topology. Its value is equal to the number of a configured rack that serves as a lower-level rack.
4.1.2.8
Child Shelf No Shelf No

Parameter Description Child Shelf No ChildShelfNo The parameter indicates the number of the shelf accommodating the lower-level board in the topology. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Child Shelf No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the shelf accommodating the lower-level board in the topology. Its value is automatically specified according to the selected board.
4.1.2.9
Child Slot No
Parameter Description Child Slot No ChildSlotNo The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the lower-level board in the topology. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Child Slot No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the lower-level board in the topology. Its value is automatically specified according to the selected board.
27
4.1.2.10
Child Port ID
Parameter Description Child Port ID ChildPortID The parameter indicates the number of the available port of the lower-level board in the topology. N/A 0
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> Rack Topology Configuration -> Child Port ID Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the available port of the lower-level board in the topology. At present, its value can only be equal to 0.
4.1.2.11
RF Connection ID
Parameter Description RFConnection ID RFGroupID The parameter indicates the RF connection ID. Range: [0, 254] Step: 1 N/A 0
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> RF Connection Configuration -> RF Connection ID Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the RF connection ID.
4.1.2.12
Transceiving Flag
Parameter Description
28
Transceiving Flag RTSign The parameter indicates whether the RF connection is a transmitting or receiving connection. 0Downlink (transmitting); 1Uplink (receiving) N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> RF Connection Configuration -> Transceiving Flag Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the direction of the RF connection.
4.1.2.13
RF Connection Type
Parameter Description RF Connection Type RFType The parameter indicates the type of the RF connection. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> RF Connection Configuration -> RF Connection Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the type of the RF connection. The type is defined as a RF connection group, for example, RTRRTRANT.
4.1.2.14
RF Resource Type
Parameter Description RF Resource Type ResourceType The parameter indicates the type of the board resource.
Parameter name Abbreviated name Description
29
Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Equipment Resource Management -> RF Connection Configuration -> RF Resource Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the type of the board resource, for example: 1. Radio receiving unit 2. Radio transmitting unit 4. Power amplifier unit 7. Antenna/TMA unit 8-RF front end 11. Power splitter
4.1.2.15
Radio Rack No
Parameter Description Radio Rack No RackNo The parameter indicates the number of the RF rack. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Radio Rack No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the RF rack. The parameter is automatically configured according to the configured RF board.
30
4.1.2.16
Radio Shelf No
Parameter Description Radio Shelf No ShelfNo The parameter indicates the number of the RF shelf. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Radion Shelf No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the RF shelf. The parameter is automatically configured according to the configured RF board.
4.1.2.17
Radio Slot No
Parameter Description Radio Slot No SlotNo The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the RF board. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Radio Slot No Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the number of the slot accommodating the RF board. The parameter is automatically configured according to the configured RF board.
4.1.2.18
Radio Mode
Parameter Description
31
Radio Mode RadioMode The parameter indicates the RF mode. Its value can be GSM, WCDMA, or WCDMA/GSM. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Radio Mode Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the RF mode.
4.1.2.19
Frequency Band
Parameter Description Frequency Band OperBand The parameter indicates the band flag. [1, 9] N/A 1
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Frequency Band Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the band flag. It can be valued as follows: 1-2.1G (Band I) 2-1900M (Band II) 3-1800M (Band III) 4-2.1G (Band IV) 5-850M (Band V) 6-850M (Band VI)
32 2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary
7-2.6G (Band VII) 8-900M (Band VIII) 9-1800M (Band IX)
4.1.2.20
Central Transmitting Frequency

Parameter Description Central Transmitting Frequency CentralFreq The parameter indicates the central transmitting frequency. N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> RF Central Frequency Point -> Central Transmitting Frequency Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the central transmitting frequency specified by the RF board. Its value range is automatically adjusted according to the band.
4.2
4.2.1
Parameters Related to Receive Diversity

Parameter List
Abbreviated name RxDiversity RFRxID[1] RFRxID[2] RFRxID[3] RFRxID[4] Parameter name Receiving Type Receiving RF Connection 1 Receiving RF Connection 2 Receiving RF Connection 3 Receiving RF Connection 4
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
Receiving Type
Parameter Description Receiving Type
Parameter name
33
Abbreviated name Description
RxDiversity The parameter indicates the receiving type. 1: Single Antenna Rx 2: 2-antenna Rx Diversity 3: 4-antenna Rx Diversity 4: 2-RRU Cell 5: 3-RRU Cell 6: 4-RRU Cell 7: 5-RRU Cell 8: 6-RRU Cell N/A 2
Range and Step
Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter is used to configure the receiving type of the antenna.
4.2.2.2
Receiving RF Connection 1
Parameter Description Receiving RF Connection 1 RFRxID[1] The parameter indicates receiving RF connection 1. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving RF Connection 1 Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the first RRU.
34
4.2.2.3
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving RF Connection2 Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the first RRU.
4.2.2.4
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the second RRU.
4.2.2.5
Parameter Description Parameter name
35
Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path
RFRxID[4] The parameter indicates receiving RF connection 4. N/A N/A N/A
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the second RRU.
4.3
4.3.1
Parameters Related to Multi-RRU One Cell

Parameter List
Abbreviated name RxDiversity RFRxID[1] RFRxID[2] RFRxID[3] RFRxID[4] RFRxID[5] RFRxID[6] RFRxID[7] RFRxID[8] RFRxID[9] RFRxID[10] RFRxID[11] RFRxID[12] TxDiversity RFTxID[1] RFTxID[2] RFTxID[3] RFTxID[4] RFTxID[5] RFTxID[6] Parameter name Receiving Type Receiving RF Connection 1 Receiving RF Connection 2 Receiving RF Connection 3 Receiving RF Connection 4 Receiving RF Connection 5 Receiving RF Connection 6 Receiving RF Connection 7 Receiving RF Connection 8 Receiving RF Connection 9 Receiving RF Connection 10 Receiving RF Connection 11 Receiving RF Connection 12 Transmission Type Transmit RF Connection 1 Transmit RF Connection 2 Transmit RF Connection 3 Transmit RF Connection 4 Transmit RF Connection 5 Transmit RF Connection 6
36
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
Receiving Type
Parameter Description Receiving Type RxDiversity The parameter indicates the receiving type. 1: Single Antenna Rx 2: 2-antenna Rx Diversity 3: 4-antenna Rx Diversity 4: 2-RRU Cell 5: 3-RRU Cell 6: 4-RRU Cell 7: 5-RRU Cell 8: 6-RRU Cell N/A 2
Range and Step
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter is used to configure the receiving type of the antenna.
4.3.2.2
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving RF Connection 1
37
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the first RRU.
4.3.2.3
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the first RRU.
4.3.2.4
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the second RRU.
38
4.3.2.5
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the second RRU.
4.3.2.6
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the third RRU.
4.3.2.7
Parameter Description Receiving RF Connection 6
Parameter name
39
RFRxID[6] The parameter indicates receiving RF connection 6. N/A N/A N/A
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the third RRU.
4.3.2.8
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the fourth RRU.
4.3.2.9
Parameter Description Receiving RF Connection 8 RFRxID[8] The parameter indicates receiving RF connection 8. N/A
Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step
40
N/A N/A
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the fourth RRU.
4.3.2.10
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the fifth RRU.
4.3.2.11
41
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the fifth RRU.
4.3.2.12
The parameter indicates the first receiving antenna of the sixth RRU.
4.3.2.13
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Receiving RF Connection 12
42
The parameter indicates the second receiving antenna of the sixth RRU.
4.3.2.14
Transmission Type
Parameter Description Transmission Type TxDiversity The parameter indicates the transmitting type. 1. Single Antenna Tx 2: Two-Antenna Tx Diversity 3: 2-RRU Cell 4: 3-RRU Cell 5: 4-RRU Cell 6: 5-RRU Cell 7: 6-RRU Cell N/A 1
Range and Step
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Transmission Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter is used to configure the transmitting type of the antenna.
4.3.2.15
Transmit RF Connection 1
Parameter Description Transmit RF Connection 1 RFTxID[1] The parameter indicates transmitting RF connection 1. N/A N/A N/A
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA
43
Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Transmit RF Connection 1 Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the first transmitting antenna of the first RRU.
4.3.2.16
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Transmit RF Connection 2 Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the second transmitting antenna of the second RRU.
4.3.2.17
44
The parameter indicates the first transmitting antenna of the third RRU.
4.3.2.18
The parameter indicates the second transmitting antenna of the fourth RRU.
4.3.2.19
The parameter indicates the first transmitting antenna of the fifth RRU.
45
4.3.2.20
The parameter indicates the second transmitting antenna of the sixth RRU.
4.4
4.4.1
Parameters Related to Transmit Diversity

Parameter List
Abbreviated name TxDiversity RFTxID[1] RFTxID[2] TxDivMod SCH.TstdInd P-CPICH.SttdInd S-CPICH.SttdInd P-CCPCH.SttdInd S-CCPCH.SttdInd MICH.SttdInd AICH.SttdInd PICH.SttdInd TxDivInd Parameter name Transmission Type Transmit RF Connection 1 Transmit RF Connection 2 Transmit Diversity Mode SCH TSTD Indicator P-CPICH STTD Indicator S-CPICH STTD Indicator PCCPCH STTD Indicator SCCPCH STTD Indicator MICH STTD Indicator AICH STTD Indicator PICH STTD Indicator Tx Diversity Indicator
46
4.4.2
4.4.2.1
Transmission Type
Parameter Description Transmission Type TxDiversity The parameter indicates the transmitting type. 1. Single Antenna Tx 2: Two-Antenna Tx Diversity 3: 2-RRU Cell 4: 3-RRU Cell 5: 4-RRU Cell 6: 5-RRU Cell 7: 6-RRU Cell N/A 1
Range and Step
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Transmission Type Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the type of transmit diversity.
4.4.2.2
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell RF Parameters -> Transmit RF Connection 1
47
The parameter indicates the first transmitting antenna of the first RRU.
4.4.2.3
The parameter indicates the second transmitting antenna of the first RRU.
4.4.2.4
Transmit Diversity Mode

Parameter Description Transmit Diversity Mode Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path Transmit Diversity Mode TxDivMod This parameter indicates which transmit diversity mode is used by power control parameters related to diversity mode and service. 0: None 1: STTD 2: Closed Loop Mode 1 N/A 0: None
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> Power Control Related to Service and Diversity Mode -> Sub-service Type XXX -> Transmit Diversity Mode
48
This parameter indicates the mode of transmit diversity.
4.4.2.5
SCH TSTD Indicator

Parameter Description SCH TSTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path SCH TSTD Indicator SCH.TstdInd This parameter indicates whether TSTD is activated or not for SCH. 0: Active 1: Inactive N/A 1: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> PSCH -> SCH TSTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
The parameter is used if it is necessary to improve the receiving performance of the mobile UE. When the parameter is activated, the SCH receiving performance of the UE is improved. In case any downlink channel uses transmit diversity, the SCH must also use transmit diversity.
4.4.2.6
P-CPICH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description P-CPICH STTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path P-CPICH STTD Indicator PCPICH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the transmit diversity is activated or not for PCPICH. The transmit diversity mode used by PCPICH is STTD. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
49
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> PCPICH -> P-CPICH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the PCPICH is enabled.
4.4.2.7
S-CPICH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description S-CPICH STTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path S-CPICH STTD Indicator SCPICH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the transmit diversity is activated for the SCPICH. The transmit diversity mode used by the SCPICH is STTD. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> SCPICH -> S-CPICH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the P-CCPCH is enabled.
4.4.2.8
PCCPCH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description PCCPCH STTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value PCCPCH STTD Indicator PCCPCH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the transmit diversity is activated or not for PCCPCH. The transmit diversity mode used by PCCPCH is STTD. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
50
(note) OMC Path
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> PCCPCH -> PCCPCH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
The parameter is used if it is necessary to improve the receiving performance of the mobile UE. When the parameter is activated, the P-CCPCH receiving performance of the UE is improved. In case any downlink channel uses transmit diversity, the P-CCPCH must also use transmit diversity.
4.4.2.9
S-CCPCH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description S-CCPCH STTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path S-CCPCH STTD Indicator SCCPCH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the transmit diversity is activated for the SCCPCH or not. The transmit diversity mode used by the SCCPCH is Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD). 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> S-CCPCH -> SCCPCH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the S-CCPCH is enabled.
4.4.2.10
MICH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description MICH STTD Indicator Parameter name MICH STTD Indicator
51
MICH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the STTD is activated for MICH. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> MICH -> MICH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the MICH is enabled.
4.4.2.11
AICH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description AICH STTD Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name Description Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path AICH STTD Indicator AICHSttdInd This parameter indicates whether the STTD is activated for AICH. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> AICH -> AICH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the AICH is enabled.
4.4.2.12
PICH STTD Indicator

Parameter Description PICH STTD Indicator
52
PICH STTD Indicator PICH.SttdInd This parameter indicates whether the PICH uses the STTD diversity mode or not. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> PICH -> PICH STTD Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, the transmit diversity of the PICH is enabled.
4.4.2.13
TX Diversity Indicator
Parameter Description TX Diversity Indicator Parameter name Abbreviated name TX Diversity Indicator TxDivInd This parameter indicates if the transmit diversity is active in the neighboring cell. It is decided by PSCH/SSCH TSTD indicator, PCPICH STTD indicator and PCCPCH STTD indicator. Only when the three indicators are all active, this parameter will be active, otherwise, this parameter will be inactive. 0: Inactive 1: Active N/A 0: Inactive
Description
Range and Step Unit Default Value (note) OMC Path
Path: View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> RNC Management Element -> RNC Config Set -> RNC Radio Resource Management -> Utran Cell -> Utran Cell XXX -> Advanced Parameter Manager -> Tx Diversity Indicator Parameter Configuration
When the parameter is activated, transmit diversity is enabled.
53
4.5
4.5.1
Parameter Related to Extended Cell Range to 80Km

Parameter List
Abbreviated name dwCellRadius Parameter name Cell Radius(m)
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
Cell Radius(m)
Parameter Description Cell Radius(m) dwCellRadius The parameter indicates the cell radius (m). Range: [0, 120000] Step: 1 N/A 0
View -> Configuration Management -> OMC -> UTRAN SubNetwork -> Management NE -> Base Station Config Set -> Base Station Radio Resource Management -> WCDMA Radio Resource Management -> Baseband Resource Pool -> Local Cell -> Local Cell Basic Parameters -> Cell Radius(m) Parameter Configuration
The parameter indicates the cell radius (m).
Glossary
16QAM A AICH AISG AMR ANT ASIC Acquisition Indicator Channel Antenna Interface Standards Group Adaptive Multi-Rate ANTenna Application Specified Integrated Circuit
2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary
16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
54
B BBU C CE CN CPICH D DF Div DPCCH DPCH DPDCH E EFR E-HICH E-RGCH F-DPCH G GGSN GSM H HLR HSDPA Home Location Register High Speed Downlink Packet Access GPRS Gateway Support Node Global System for Mobile communication Enhanced Full Rate E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel E-DCH Relative Grant Channel Fractional DPCH Duplexer Filter Diversity Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel Channel Element Core Network Common Pilot Channel Base Band Unit
HS-PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel M MICH MRC N MBMS Indicator Channel Maximal Ratio Combing
55
Node B P PA
UMTS base station
Power Amplifier Primary Common Control Physical Channel Personal Digital Cellular Paging Indicator Channel Physical Random Access Channel Primary Synchronisation Code Primary Synchronization Channel
P-CCPCH PDC PICH PRACH PSC P-SCH Q QoS QPSK R RAN RF RNC RRU RTR Rx(R) S S-CCPCH SCH S-CPICH SGSN SSC STTD T TFC
56
Quality of Service Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Radio Access Network Radio frequency Radio Network Controller Radio Remote Unit RRU Transceive Receive
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel Synchronization Channel Secondary Common Pilot Channel Serving GPRS Support Node Secondary Synchronisation Code Space Time Transmit Diversity
Transmission Power Control

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary
TMA TSTD Tx(T) U UE UMTS UPA W WCDMA
Tower Mounted Amplifier Time Switched Transmit Diversity Transmit
User Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Uplink Packet Access
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
57

PM - SME-169 - RAN-08 ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description V3.1

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PM - SME-169 - RAN-08 ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description V3.1

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ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

V2.5 V3.0 V3.1

2009-1-20 2009-2-27 2009-4-22

TanShuanJiang TanShuanJiang ShenWei

JiangMin JiangMin JiangMin

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Figures and Tables

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Multi-Antenna Receive Diversity

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Multi-RRU For One Cell

Extended Cell Range

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

Connection of Single Antenna Reception

ZWF21-40-003 Two-Antenna Receive Diversity

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

RF Unit (RRU RF process

Base Band UnitBBU Multi-path detection and assignation

Symbol level process

Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

ZWF21-40-021 Four-Antenna Reception

Multi-path detection and assignation

RF process Finger demodulation MRC

RF process RF Unit 2(RRU

Symbol level process

Mechanism of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

RRU/RSU DF 2RX RTR

ZWF21-40-005 Multi-RRU for One Cell

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2008 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE UMTS Coverage Enhancement Feature Description

M ulti path detection and assignation

D ow nlink signal copy

Principle of Multi-RRU Combined Cell (1)

Multi-path detection and assignation

Weighted combination Weighted combination

Symbol rate process and higher layer process

Downlink signal copy