Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
*Q
q =i JO`iHx He q= Jx JO\~. q =i "`=~}O `
qye#
^
=
O`\x
JO`~H =
Jx JO\~. JO`~H O LO_ ^
o =i " "
#
xiH ^ HOu =O_ JO\~. g\x #*< J< G"` "^\iQ H#Q<_.
Q~`H~}K |OkOK|_# H@ #H` =^x #H` =O_O Jx JO\~. =#O
x=OK #H` gk =^x O` JO\~. ~O 24 #H` g
k =^O. O`
=~ 15 H@ #H` L<~. HOu XH O=`~ HO #O }OK ^~"
HOu O=`~O JO\~. nx q= 9.31012 Hg@~. YQ= == =^ LO_ ^~x
H=_xH Wk =}O. ~xH qH =^ L# ^~x XH =}OQ ZOKHx ^xx
J+=xH =#O Jx JO\~. nx q= 1493.5 qe< Hg@~. O`x #H`
O` HO^O K@ i=}O K@ @Hx HqH O=`~O JO\~. nx q=
225106 O=`~. qxH HO^O q Jx q K@ ~_, KO^_ Q
i
q
<
x `e
^O`O
H O^H ^O`O. nxx
u
kOz#k \q. \q ~zOz#
QO^O ''P" [. qxH HO^O ~_x, ~_ K@ Q, LQ, Q,
L, `H KH "^Q YQ ~ iq<x `e ^O`" ~ HO^O
^O`O. nxx ukOz# "_ ''H~ xY JO`iHO ~_, ~_ K@ uiQ
Q# "\ LQ# `H KH# P~_# "^Q "\x ~ == Jx JO\~.
~x K@ Q, `H KH HH Hx H iqO\~. g\x Q H
JO\~. JOQ~H, |$u HH =^Q L<~. Ju^ P~~_ ~<, z#k ".
'J~q H\
JO\~. `~ #O_ t==# uiQ Q
~ #, _. 20= `|^
z=i O~ ~Q}O 11 PQ 1996 [iyOk. 21= `| "^\ KO^Q}O 2001
[#=i 9# [iyOk. ~`^O `^i ~Q}x 2009 K_=K. ~_ `~`
=# J`O` ^Q~Q L# #H`O 'H=O@s. qO H Ju^ #H gk-'>H. =^~Y
K@H` 40" 75 Hg. ~ @O|O #`#OQ H#Q# LQ = '_< ~ @O|O
z# LQ= 'H. ~ @O|O 10= QOQ q# 2003 a3Q H#Q#k.
'"M <.
Z=Q Oq
OK O`= JO, WO_
.
O KO H _"#
#k < #k.
O KOH
H_ J`kHOQ L`uK ^= `O*x. OKOH K JkHOQ ZQ=u K
^= [<. qG$` == J= L# ^= L`~ J"iH. Hy` i= k H#_.
u*H~ YO|=, H YO_= O_ P ~\" J< ~Q YO_= ^H} J"iH.
=~O ~x "O|_OK YO_= ^H} J"iH. OKO Z`# ~ =~= pex JO_
~ ` QO_`Ok.
O KOZ`#
*`= 'ZO* "lA H^. O^` ==O
Z= J= L# YO_= ~. ^ n YO_=, #Q~ YO_= q~# YO_= Jx
~ L# YO_= Pe. OKO Z= L# L`u K YO_O Pe. OKO
Z= = L`u K YO_= Pe. OKO Z= "O@ L`u K ^O
J"iH. OKO Z= QO^O L`u K ^O "HF. =^ ~Y =O_Ox *"
nO Q O`O =^ 322 ~A L~= "~ OOqP~. KO J`kH P~.
L`^H HO^O L# O _\~\. OKO Ju^ J@g =^= Q =OO_
~O`O H^. P S~ YO_ He# Qx PeU+ ^ F+x
Jx JO\~. OKO =ix J`kHOQ O_OK ^O K<.
xi+ =O =# "`=~} _#
O Q O`# S ~" JO\~. =^O
=# ` Q O`# H ~Y# S` JO\~. ==~ `O Q ^O#
S JO\~. XH =}` Q ^# H ~Y# S < JO\~. = LQ`
Q O`# H ~Y# S P~ O\~. =#O^` Q "# TzK
~M# S xx. XH q+O ^ == q= XH q^OQ LO^x K ~Y < Jx.
=# `#O Q ~Y S ~" Jx JO\~.
JO`~f [O^, H=, =^:iOQ [Ok:- Wk L`~ J"iH P YO_ =^ LOk. H , JO\i\H ==^x
H`Ok. JO`~f k#~Y D [Ok QO_ `Ok.
* P H"<, * P _
k"<
* P i*O>\"
* P H=~ <<\
_=
~ \OQ
_\
~<
H~> Jx JO\~.
qq^ ^ "~uH:~@~
a@< KOkOk.
\<[O
Qq KOkOk.
<^~O_ KOkOk.
O KO `
L`u #, qxQO# ~`^
O . "k<x PHq
O k. H i=
=
^=#O L#^O ~`^O. ` ZQ=` ~`k 3= #O. OKO ~|~
L`u K ^ ~`k 3= #O. [#= L`u ^=#O L#^O ~`^=.
# ` WO^#=# L`u ~`^Ok "^\#O. ~H Ja=$k ~`^Ok 5=
#O. ^O i "+` ~ OY 4. OKOF P=^ Z=Q L`u K ^=
O KO Ju^ Q
~
z< JO\i\H `~ "` ~`, K<
i^ x J~K
O ^
H ~
~` 'Z\~|". J`O` _"# ~Y f~O =#~`^O Q[~`. ~`^O ~O_=
J`O` _"# f~~Y PO^^k. J`kH f~~Y Q #Q~= K<. J` f~ ~Y Q ~R=
Q". `~ ~Y Q J`O` f~ ~YQ ~R= PO^^. 3 =^ Q f~~Y Q UHH
~RO `q<_. ^O \HqH JkHOQ Q ~R= JO. P~=o ~` ~[<
~RO qi Oz L<~. "H ~ ` Kf
_ ~RO L<~. =^=HO_ =^
^
~RO L<~. w~ HO Q[~` ~RO <~. J[O` HO_ =~R# iO^
HO_, =~RO# qiOz L<~.t=~~ HO_, A"~ HO_ `q<_
H=. ^Ox ~[< ~ROx J`kHOQ < Qe ^~ H= HxH Q~=`<~.
=^^ XO_ < J` ~ q~iOz L<~. #~Q_ < JkHOQ Q ~RO
=~R. Q^=# JkHOQ L`u K ~RO L`~^. Q^=# JkHOQ kQ|_ K
~RO O*. "H*# L`u ^= #O L# ~RO PO^^. L`u
^=#O # ~R= H~@H. *# L`u ^=#O L# ~R =~R. [ L`u
^=#O L# ~RO ~*<, s Lu` ^=#O L# ~RO L`~^, C^<
L`u ^=#O L#~RO =^^.
K~ L`u ^=#O L# ~R= L`~^. K~ kQ|_ ^=#O L#
~R= `q<_. =q_H L`u ^=#O L# ~R= L`~^., P=^
L`u ^=#O L# ~R= PO^^, J~\O_ L`u ^=#O L# ~R=
`q<_. ^<Q~O H@O Jx =|_ ~R= O*, =ix JkHOQ O_OK ~
t=OQ, L`~^. =ix JkH kQ|_x# ~ O*, PO^^, `q<_, Hx
JkHO Q O_ #
~R= H~@H, JkHO Q O_ #
~R= PO^
^
. O==#
JkHOQ L`u K ~R= [=Hj~. QO^ ^" ~[^x Jx H~ x ~.
z_ L`u ^=#O L# ~RO =^^. #< yO[ L`u ^=#O
L# ~RO Q*`, "~#Q L`u ^=#O L# ~RO PO^^, ` L`u
^=#O L# ~RO JO. ^O ux JkHOQ O_OK ~R= =~R. ^O u
L`u ^=#O Q[~`, [#= L`u ^=#O Q ~R= t=OQ, ^O
Z~= "_HO ^=#O L# ~R= O*, ^O Z~= "_HO Ju `=
^
=
#O L# ~RO t=OQ, Q@ = ^~ QK |_`#
q L`~
^
JkHO . K~ = ^~ Q K |_`#
q PO^
^
JkHO , JkH `O
q `q<_
~RO QK|_`Ok. u~Q=# |`=< # Hx ~R= L`~^. D#
|`=#O =# `q<_ ~RO `kH =~`x O^`Ok. H= ^~ J`kH q
L`~^ ~RO QK|_`Ok. q*~O ~RO J`kH q QK|_`Ok.
Q[~` ~RO u L`u ^=#O LOk. u Q =~R ^=#O LOk.
"`O q h\~^ =` O* ~RO Z=Q HeOK|_`<~. JkHOQ
O^ Hey# ~RO =^
^
. @# JkHO Q L`u K #
~RO H~@H. J~}K
^
90% QO J~}` qiOz L#k. H~@H =#^O< Z~KO^#O K@ JkHOQ Q
~RO. ~< ~RO Ju `= O`O J_= qiOz L<~. q~ L`u
^=#O L# ~RO PO^^. Yx[ O^ ^=#O L# ~RO *~O_.
J~O@"O@ L`u ^=#O *~O_. ~yx JkHOQ L`u K# ~RO Xi. Q
L`u ^=#O *~O_. ~yx Jk~OQ L`u K# ~ ~[<, *~O_, =* Q#
=^
^
~RO L<~.
[
q Jx =} ~ ~x ~ . ' O \ "e H ~ ~RO
H^. `i# JkH~OQ L`u K# ~RO H~. x JkHOQ L`u K# ~RO
~[<. ~ JkHO Q L`u K #
~RO ~[<. ~ JkHO Q L`u K #
~RO `q<_.
=OQh JkHOQ L`u K# ~RO Xi, =^^, eQ\ xH JkHOQ L`u K#
~RO `q<_, \## JkHOQ L`u K# ~RO *~O_. Q\# JkHOQ L`u K#
~RO Xi, kf#O ~[<, lO ^= #O L# ~RO ~[<. H"\ ^=
#O L# ~RO Xi, lOH L`u ^= #O L# ~RO ~[<. |OQ~O ^=
#O L# ~RO H~@H. "O_ ^= #O L# ~RO ~[<. #~~ ^= #O
L# ~RO =^^. ~~ L`u ^= #O L# ~RO ~[<. _"\ L`u
^= #O L# ~RO Xi. =Q\ ^= #O L# ~RO `q<_. \ ^=
#O L# ~RO ~[<. "H ^= #O L# ~RO *~O_, PO^^. ~\ ^=
#O L# ~RO PO^^. i= suQ "#H|_# ~RO ~<. Hy` i= Q
Ja=$k KOk# ~RO t=OQ. [q^KHx JkHOQ qxy# ~RO H~@H. ^~
q^KH# JkHOQ qxy# ~RO ~< ~H qxQO ^=#O PO^^.
J} WO^<x JkHOQ qxyOKO@# ~RO ~[<. P H Ju^ ~H
H O^O `q<_ ~RO H^. " O@ L`u
^
=
#O L# ~RO `q<_. L`~
^
~RO J`kH OY OK^~ H~Q~ L<~. ^i^~Y kQ=# L# [ Q
~RO c~. ^O ~_ O^` ` =Q L# ~RO [=Hj~. ^O ~_ O^` Z=Q
L# ~RO H~. ^O Pf ~^~ JkHOQ L# ~RO =~R.. ^O iqHOQ
Zky# ~RO =~R. ^O Jx ~H ~^~# HH# JkHOQ L# ~RO =~R.
LC h\ ~:-
= ~`x :-
Y`H:- L`~ ~`^xH KOk# <@O. J[< =~H, "~ =~*, H$+, ^q, QH$+,
K=~ H`:-~-
~ ^~ q^` HO^:- OQ=e, |k, ~"QOQ "II#q L`~^ ~RO H=. H~Kf
_#, ~=QO_O-PO^
^
#, q^OK- =^
^
#, H~H -t=OQ#,
`K-Xi#, ^_-Xi ~RO#, F.. ^HO-c~, < ~RO# H=.
HH`
*~
OQ~
O*
^"^~#k
`Q +
O
H~
Hz<
~`^Ox =Y"# *:1) H#OQ *:- Wk OKO< Z`~# P#H@ ~O_=k. Wk >* #k H^.
nx ^~ [#O O^ ~ O*, =K ^, ~<, ~[<.
[#O
[#O O^`~.
2) N~OQ~ *:-
3) HO ~l:-
aO^`~.
4)
5)
6)
7)
9) `Q QOQ H=:-
aO^`~.
PO^^ OH =K~O:~`^
O +
H ~ROQ U~_#
"@"
^\ ~RO PO^
^
. PO^~ R J=`~}
k<`=
O
JH|~ 1, 1983. ^= PO^~R ~[^x H~, ` PO^^ ~R ~[^x ^~^,
PO^^ J=`~} k#O #=O|~ 1 1956.
PO^ ~RO "@"^\ =Y=Ou @OQ@i HO O`. ~`^=# PO^^
^
PQ k L#k. PO^^
12037 xq #O_ 19054 L`~ JOHO =^ L#k. PO^
76046 xq #O_ 86046 xq `~ ~MO =^ L#k. PO^^ "O 2,75,100
K.H.g. " s` PO^^ ^O 4= #=. [< s` 5= #O LOk. PO^^ f~
~Y _= 972 H.g. PO^^ ^ l J#O`~O. U ~O_= ^ l =|#Q~.
U.. *Q - 2
OKO #n f~# L# #Q~:- Dl ^O#J JH[O_ #Q~O #O^ <
#k X_#
H^. <^~ O_ ^O x J"~ _
" @}
O J"
#k X_#
H^. W~H ^O x
QH #Q~= >y #k X_# H^. ^O_ ^Ox OHH #Q~= "#" #k f~#
H^. Qq ^Ox aQ_ @}O _##k f~# ^. P ^Ox q<
#Q~= _# f~# H^. Dl ^Ox H~ #Q~O H~ #Q~O < #n f~# H^.
HOHx Q#Q~O H_ #n f~# H^. [~x ^Ox JOa~ =Q~= ` #n f~#
H^. H<x H~z #Q~O O^#k f~# H^. H<x ~ #Q~O ~x #n
f~# H^. WOQO_ ^O x O_< #Q~=
`" #
n f~# H^. H #_ ^O x =O\
#Q~= ~O\ ~< #n f~# H^. <^Ox i #Q~O < #n f~# H^. H#_
^Ox aH #Q~= ~O\ ~< #n f~# H^. J"iHx #~ #Q~=
_<
#n f~# H^. =<~x OQ< #Q~O S~=u #k f~# H^. W@b ^+ O x
~"#Q~O >|~ #k f~# H^. [< ^+Ox \H @}O q^ #n f~# H^.
O_ ^Ox "~#Q~O q #n f~# H^. ~+ ^Ox @}O <~ #k
f~# H^. =<~ ^Ox JH #Q~= H^< f~# H^. eO ^Ox JO\
=~ #Q~= ~ #n f~# H^. K< ^Ox HO@< #Q~= xdOQ #n f~# H^.
Px< ^Ox H| @}= H| #k f~# H^. [~h ^Ox H< @}= ~<
#n f~# H^. _< ^Ox H~" @}O ~ #n f~# H^. |OQ^+ ^Ox
z@QOQ @}= H~u #n f~# H^.
\O_ ^Ox ^O_ @}= \ #n f~# H^.
[~h ^Ox < @}= < #n f~# H^.
K< ^Ox <<HOQ @}= OQHOQ #n f~# H^.
< ^Ox =__ @}= "[<< #n f~# H^.
Pe ^Ox _ @}= _iOQ #n f~# H^.
l ^Ox =<< @}= J"*< #n f~# H^.
KH iaH ^Ox Q @}= q`# #n f~# H^.
J"iH ^Ox ~O\ ~ #Q~O #n f~# H^
~ ^Ox = @}= =" #n f~# H^.
J"iH ^Ox "+OQ@< _ @}= \=H #n f~# H^.
J~O\< ^Ox # Z~ @}= \ #n f~# H^.
~ ^Ox x<~_ @}= <" #n f~# H^.
~ ^Ox "Q_ @}= " #n f~# H^.
WOQO_ ^Ox @}= O|~ #n f~# H^.
WOQO_ ^Ox a @}= P=< #n f~# H^.
~Q ^Ox e< @}= \Q #n f~# H^.
@i ^Ox JOH~ @}= d #n f~# H^.
OKO qq^ *` "i x" O`:~_ WO_< J"*< #n i"H O`O L`~ J"iH x=~. y HOQ #n
i"H O`O x=~. =OQH~ =+ ^ J_= x=~. _
O@~ _H i O`O WO_<+ x=~. "_ NOH ="iHq
#lO_, U" #yx x=~ . \~<
a
i O`O, HH
=
H< O`O q\ PH O`O x=~. Hi< ^H} P O`
QK L~Q J~O \<x O x=~ . ~~ Jei "~H @x+
O`O
xq~. aO_ t= Pe#, _e#< <~u P PHx <_H
`Q <~a x=~. >" H#_ =i w<O_x @O_ aO^|, Ji[<
u~=#O`~O Q# =|_K<~.
HzH_ Q# =|_K<~.
Ol#Q~ Q# =|_K<~.
L^H =O_O Q# =|_K<~.
L`~^ Q# =|_K<~.
#qa Q# =|_K<~.
\<x Q# =|_K<~.
He\<_ Q# =|_K<~.
H\_W=~~ Q# =|_K<~.
Q} Q# =|_K<~.
lO Q# =|_K<~.
*Oa Q# =|_K<~.
*s Q# =|_K<~.
`O_ Q# =|_K<~.
W~< Q# =|_K<~.
W~H Q# =|_K<~.
~~ Q# =|_K<~.
`"< Q# =|_K<~.
WO_<+ Q# =|_K<~.
WO| Q# =|_K<~.
J~}K^ Q# =|_K<~.
Wu Q# =|_K<~.
\Q_
- x<Q_ Q# =|_K<~.
O_# <^~ O_ Jx, J"
# |i< Jx <
~ . <# NOH Jx, =x
=+
Jx, a
W+ Q
# Q
< Jx, _z Q
#x s<" Jx <
~ . Qq
H`~ i =i =O\xQ, We n ~ `". O\ SO_ H`~ #=~,
HO|z H`~ O_, *~ H`~ iaH P HOQ, |~H`~ =<~, JOQ~
H`~ JOH~, \x ~ [H~, \O_# ` Jx <~. #~# "~}
Jx, =^q<# =^^ Jx, Si+ \# S~O_ Jx, O_qK n# "~<
nx, x+ yxx WH\i yx Jx, =OKY"x =OKi Jx _H# _H Jx,
W`# S~O_ Jx, x<#
[< Jx, k i\ HOQ_"
x Hi Jx, K
<O_# \"
<
Jx, z~Orx Jx <~.
^O
Z~
=|e~O
HOz~O
u~~O
#Ok
"Qu t"O
$Qn~O
#@~[ PO
Htq~O
J~}KO
q~ PO
[HO~~O
~OQ<^ PO
#@` ~
PQ~~ PO
=_<^ PO
O_= ~u ~^
g<H PO
=OA<^ PO
=i PO
H} PO
q|O
eOQ~A PO
q<^O
~ ~"~O
[Q<^ PO
~xH x"<
*# ^"O
#=Q `O
=<^ PO
"~O= ^"O
~= ^"O
|=} PO
J=~<^ ^"O
^H} ~` ~ ^"O
^q
^~~O
z^O|~O
O_
u~=<=
Ox H=
<~#
N~OQO
N=e`~
ZHi#
u~K~
=|e~O
=^~
<p#
^ Q
N~
PO~
=<~
YA~
=<~
i#
H}~
"e#
wu
\< Q[~` H=
=~OQ#
O@, =~OQ#
`O*=~
Hj~
"~ H=
^~H, K~L ==
# |@
O` iH~, \ > Hs k
[#=, q^`, |@, O "^#q i=
"O@ i=
~y i=
=~O, *o i=
H"\" i=
W#=, L i=
*~
[i
\\Q~
\O
_b
u~K~e
^~~
^i=
<"e
O*~
O
~O|^~
~*V^
|~e
OQ~
PQ:- WH_ `*= H^. 35 H.g. ^~O JH~ xiOz# `~ H H@ H^. nxx
xiOz# "~ HO^~ _.
J^^:-
~#|_# H",
w<qK a@<:- n# QO_ '0 ~MOO J#Q w<qK ~Y `Ok. O_< g# `" #n
X_# H^.
i^~:- L`~ YO_ Q D #Q~O QOQ#k X_# H^. u 12 OII~ XHi O"
L`" [~Q`~. s ZHH == i= aKDZ WH_ H^.
=^~:-
H}~:-
ZeO@ Q:-
KO__:-
~<^:-
D P ~[<x P~=o
}":- PK~ q< " Oz# P=O WH_ LOk. ^# L^=O HO rq`x
JOH`O K# " D P=x =~Rx "~^ g# OK_.
^
O x~OK|_Ok. "k OwuH J^ H` =OzOk. J*u ` = ~ "H}
=H x
J^H` [iyOk. D Ow` ^=`Ox `O q# `@H ~OkOK|_~.
^=` ~O_ Owu H. 383 = O=`~O [iyOk. "e J< ^O HH ~A
HO Hq J^H`# [iyOk. D q ^~"^ = Owx ~O_ `QQ
q_~. ^~"^ <_ HK#_ gi HO^ #O L*x =Ow
<_ =H_.
^=
` =_= Ow` H . 250= O=`~ O @b` O Jx HO "Qe`
u J^ H` #
[iyOk. D Owu n~"^ ^O` "H H$+ [iyOk. ^ `O =_=^#
Ja^=\H "|_Ok.
^=` <= Ow` H.. 78= O=`~O Hj~x O^ =#O < ~A
J~# Hx+x HO =q`x J^H`# [iyOk. ^=`O ##, =# YQ
D <= Owu q_~Ok.
Ki`H ~`^O:p# ~`O:- 1921, 1922 O=`~O ~*< =~ P^~O [iy# `=H p#
W#
QxH KOk# =O[^~, ~ J< ~ O_ ~`# #Q~ |_~. D <QiH`
H.. 2005-1750# O=`~O =^HO qO^x ~" "` JaO.
~#Q~O 1921 ~q #k X_#
"#@ H#Q#|_Ok. nxx "eHf# "
` ^
~"
x. ~ `O O*x "O\ Q#i l H^.
|<e:-
~A a~^:J_
Hx+_
=^ Q_
~*O^ K_
=Oq+=
"^\ =O^=~
"^\ #~O=~
~O_= #~O=~
~_
JLn< de
+~
JH~
[<
=~ yi~_
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
^=#O ^~<
^=` [~, ~O_= J_
Hq~A, ~` <e<
QOQHO_<, H^HO_< =^n~
J=x O_
=O^ qH= =`qqz`z`
=`HO_ ==
~[O, OH~H PQ=
tk`, ~[`
HO^~
+~M<, <O
[Qn~, _b ~
"H =
H~~ =O`~
N H$+^=~
W`_ a~^
t"r
B~OQ*|
`|n< SXH
J~=
rq+ =~#_
#Ok=~
Q`q` `Hi
=~=# =g~_
Q`= |^_
:
:
:
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
:
:
:
PO^A_, =#~[
<K~, u =~OQ ~=
K`u
JOw~ J#Q OK q*` Jx a~^
OH J#Q H ^#O K"_ Jx
:
:
:
:
:
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
W`_ a~^
:
:
:
:
:
q+^_
==
UH|}, `=#, u=^
l#_, H"_ x~O^_
OK"Q, P*u
qq^ ~A =^ xK# ^#:N H$+ ^=~ P#Ox 8 =Ok H=# J+ kQ*, JO\~. "~
1. Jx^#, W`_ ~zOz# H== =#Ki` iH^ ~O=
2. `<e ~=H$+ : W`_ O_ ~OQ=`O J< QO^x ~zOK_.
3. #Ok u=#: i*` =~} H"x ~zOK_.
4. ^~\ W`_ NH~ =`O J# H==# ~zOK_.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
O^iOK_.
Q=~~ [#~ :
1. "~< OQ: W`_ HO 1773 ~Q\OQ K@O J= K|_Ok. "^\, ~O_=
"~ ^ 1778 =^ [iQ~. OQ H\H \ U~@ K|_Ok.
2. H~<"e+:
5. _ qe" O\OQ:
J}z"_.
1833= K~~ K@O POQO# JkH~ +Q "\Ok.
"
\#
"_. _ Q_ q^q^#O 1850 _ HO< U~@ K |_Ok. "@"
^\
~ # 1853, >eQO `Ou ` H~# 1854 U~@ K<~. q`O` #iq"
K\x 1856 _ "\_.
"~:
1. _ HxOQ: W`x HO< ^ i # `~ WO_ HO h #O_ WOQO_ ~} KuxH
"oOk. 1861 ~` Hx K@= W`_ HO K|_Ok. 1859 S~ < `
u~Q@ W`x HO K|_#k.
K_Ok. ~`
` K@O 1919 K|_Ok. ~`K@O _ W`x HO< K|_Ok. ~K"~
HO< '[e<"Q ^~Q`O 1919 [iyOk. W`_ HO< xH~ H~}
^=O,
d` L^= ~O"<~. ~` "^\ Q=~~# .. J<# c~ Q=~~Q
x=HO K#"~ O_ K ~.
11. _ "oOQ@<:
13. ~" " : W`x HO< ~` ~*OQi +` ZxH [iy<~. HOQ `O U~>O k.
a@< ^x 'J\ q+< U~@ K|_Ok.
`O`^= HO uH:
J=$`|*~ uH : tt~=~ K OK|_Ok.
Or=x uH O^ ~O^<^ #s.
k O^ ^+ q`< uH O^ l. |} J~
~f HOQ =" (S.<.) ^#` :1899 H [iy# ="xH J^H` =Oz# "~ P~.. ^` D ="O `
q t HO _=O_ K~. 1906 HH` [iy# ="xH J^H` =Oz#
"~ ^^ <~r D ="O< `eiQ ~* ^x LyOK~.
1907 ~` [iy# S.<.. ="xH J^H`# =Oz#"~. ~* ci Q+
D ="O< HOQ Ju"^ q` "^ g_~Ok.
1908 =^ [iy# ="xH J^H` =Oz# "~ ~* ci Q+ D ="O
HOQ H ~*OQO `~ K|_Ok.
1931 ~O_= ~O_ >| ="O [iyOk. nxH QOn W~q< F_O|_H JO\~.
1932 =_= ~O_ >| ="O O_< [iyOk.
1935 ~` ` K@O P"kOK|_Ok. ~` #O_ |~ q_~Ok.
1941 KO^ K *O^ J< x<^O "|_Ok.
1942 PQ 8# H\ WO_ L^=O ~OaOK|_Ok.
1942 + KO^ q^ L# ~f x` P*^ O^ *# OK~.
WO_< <+# Pi OK|_#k. 1946 _O|~ 9# ~[OQ "^\ ="O
~OaOK|_Ok.
1947 a\+ ^x J\K ~`^xH `O` H\OK|_Ok. Ki` [iy# Hx =Y
O@# [iy# O=`~.
~" #Q~ x~}O H. 753= O=`~O [iyOk. JQO_~ ~`^O ^O_` H..
26, 27# O=`~O [i~. JQO_~ Kx~# O=`~O KO^Q =~xK =~
~[# [iy# O=`~O H.. 322 HeOQ ^O [iy# O=`~O H. 261
HQ ~OO H. . 78= OII~O
J~| O^ ^O_` H... ~`^O K# H.. 1001
=OQ ^O_` H.. 1221 = O=`~O [iyOk.
=~ =[O # [iy# O=`~O H.. 1336
|=x ~[O # [iy# O=`~O H.. 1347
H<O\ <# `~+ PHqOz# O=`~O H.=. 1453
HO| J"iH# H#Q# O=`~O H.. 1492
~w< "iK Q" PHqOK|_# O=`~O H.=. 1510
WOw+ D WO_
O K|_# O=`~ O H . . 1600 _\ D WO_
O K|_# O=`~ O
H.. 1602
t"l \a+HO QqOK|_# H.. 1664
WOQO_ ~H` ~` q=O [iy# O=`~O 1688
OQ f= H~= U~_# OII 1770
~Q\OQ K@O U~_# OII 1773
J"iH q=
O [iy# OII H . . 1783
O K q=
O [iy# OII H . . 1789 A 14 f Q=#O
x+^O K|_#k. K@O H.. 1929
=a L^=O ~OaOK_# OII H.. 1830-1857 =~ [iyOk.
* H< `q# OII H.. 1868 [~h ZHH~} [iy# OII H.. 1870 K< [< ^O
[iy# OII H.. 1894
~ [< ^O [iy# O=`~O H.. 1905
~` ~[^xH HH` #O_ _bH =i# O=`~O H.. 1911
< ^ [iy# O=`~ H.. 1912 #O_ 1913 Wk @i W@b =^ [iyOk.
4) ~` ~*OQ=:
~` ~*OQ =Y "Y :~` ~*OQO J~=Y Jx ~#"~ H.. "~ ~` ~*OQ <"^ ~O Jx
~` ~*OQOx =Y x|O^# :
~` ~*OQOx 1= Q XH@= x|O^# #O_ 4= x|O^# =~ ~ q~}
QiOz ``Ok. ~` ~*OQOx 2= QO 5= x|O^# #O_ 11= x|O^# =~
~` O QiOz q=iO k. ~` ~*OQOxH 3= QO 12= x|O^#
#O_ 35= x|O^#
=~} 86= ~*OQ =~} 2002. H JOc x[H=~O OY# 2026 OKO_
LOK@ 91= ~*OQ =~} K@O 2001# ^~ P"kOK~. 2001 [< H H~O
H, q^# x[H=~ #q[# K\x zOz# =~} 96= ~*OQ =~}
2003.
~[H s peH x~^QxH Q# =Ou =~ A# P K@ <
OY 15= =O` iq`O KO^ L^tOz# =~} K@O 97= ~*OQ =~} K@O
2003.
<+# A_+ 5 Hg+< O|OkOz# =~} 98= ~*OQ =~} 2003. 99=
=~} 2003 ^~ _ O_ >i\i Hx ^`^ ux H#yOK_xH
L^tOK~. 6= +_ =~} K~. D a ^~ yi[# # O~HOK~. 100=
~*OQ =~} 2003 ^~ ~*OQOx 8= +_ =~} [.iyOk. D =~} ^~
~*OQO #`#OQ 4 +# QiOK~. `O "`O 22 + QiOK|_#q.
101= =~} 2003 ^~ ~*OQO 9= +_ =~} [iyOk. D a ^~ *
O} == ^~ O} K ==# H~ ik #O_ `yOK_xH L^tOK~. 102=
=~} 2003 H~O PiH 371(5) # =~} [iyOk. _bH O|OkOz# ~*OQ =~}
K~. 105= =~} 2006 " 22# [iyOk. nx H~O c~ =Ou =O_e +_ `Q
OH =
xH O|OkOz ` xiQ =Ou LO_# x|O^#
# `yOK_O . *~O _, Kf
_
+_ `Q =Oux `xi K =iOK~.
~` ~"O@:~Ru, H
=i ~[#
He ~"
O@ U~_ `Ok. D q+
x 79= JkH~ }
``Ok.
~[:-
~"O@ "_H ^*O:`~ =O: ~O_ ~"O@ L # ~A"i H~H=O ~OOHQ< "^@
XH QO@ =x `~ H\~Ok. nx `~ =O JO\~.
*f z:-
[< HO "_\xH UHH$ ` *f HO_~ ~`^
O 1957 =i 22#
"
@_O
[iyOk.
~` < ==:
<Y: ~`^ UHH$ ` <= U~izOk. ~`^ O J`#` <#= O H~.
H~, OH~ J*=~+ xK~.
OH~:
~` ~[OQO W`~ ~*OQ =O:^qH , `O` <== gHkH~O. L~Ru J< =O# J"iH
~*OQO #O_ Q
OK~. H a<\ `~
~"
O@i == =# # ~"
O@i
H
P"^ q^#= H~
^ =i q^ . Hq\ ^u
^O^ # "^Q JO#
a\+ ~*OQO #O_ QOK~. J=t+ JkH~ =Y == HO^~R O|O^ Q=~~
xqOK ^u
, ~ x< =
<# H #_ ~*OQO #O_ Q
OK~. P^ ` ,
~[ # <q<\ K q^#=, Si+ ~*OQO #O_ QOK~. ~*OQ =~}
q^#=, ~[ ZxH q^#= HO^~R O|O^, JkH~ q[# ^O`=,
~[ x~}= J< JO# ^H}H ~*OQO #O_ QOK~. J`=~ i`
^qH # ``eHOQ ~^ K JkH~= ~RuH H^. nxx [~x ~*OQO
#O_ QOK~. L=_ *a` JO`~ ~R =~H= =i "}[= J< JO# Pe
~*OQO #O_ QOK~. ^qH q^# q\ ~*OQ #O_ H ==#
_< ~*OQO #O_ QOK~.
~`^Ox qq^ ~ =\_ +:J~}K^ =<, JH, ql, x+ J< yi[# + Z=Q =\_`~.
JO Jq.
PO^^ `Q, L~.
Xi Fi, H~@H H#_O, H~ =O, Q[~` HOHx, `q<_ `qO,
O* O*a, t=OQ OQe, +# =\_` ~. On +# L`~
^
, c~,
=^
^
, ~<, pf
_, L`~ YO_, *~O _ ~ Z=Q =\_` ~. Q" HOHx,
=~i + =\_~. [=Hj~ L~, Hj~, _y, _d "^# +# Z=Q
=\_`~. Q" HOHx, =~i + =\_`~. [=Hj~ L~, Hj~, _y, _d
"^# +# Z=Q =\_`~. u~ OQe, HHH, =}i +#, <QO_
WOw+, P", H}H, =, ` +#,
=}~ =}i, WOw+ +#.
q*~" q* =i WOw+ +#.
" HW, Q~ =i WOw+ +#
HO , |\, <e =i eOz +# =\_`~.
=K^ On, "i +# =\_`~.
~`^ ~R =` "i H:_II ~*O^^:- W`_ ^g HO 26-1-1950 #O_ 13-5-1962. W`xH ~`~` J"~
aOzOk. ~`~` Ok# `e ~Ru =i J`kH "*i\` Qez# ~RuQ =i
J`kH HO xK# =HQ W`xH ~ H^.
_II *H~ <:- 13-5-1967 #O_ 3-5-1969 W`_ xK~. W`_ "@"^\ =O
~Ru. ^q LO_Q< W`# =~}OK_.
q.q. yi:- 3-5-1969 #O_ 20-7-1969 =~ W`# xK~. ``eH ~RuQ xK#
OH~ ^# <=i W`_.
k< Jb J^:-
a._. *\:- 11-2-1977 #O_ 25-7-1977 =~ ~RuQ xK~. W`# ``eH ~Ru.
hO Or=~_:- 25-7-1977 #O_ 4-7-1982 =~ ~Ru xK~. UHw=OQ ZxH#
UHH ~Ru W`#.
~=q "OH\ =<:- 25-7-1992 #O_ 24-7-1997 =~ . W`_ PO^ ^ ~xH Q=~Q
xK~.
K~}OQ:-
~RO
~[
JOc <
J~}K^
JO
c~
Kf_
Q"
Q[~`
~<
=K^
[=Hj~
*~O_
H~@H
H ~
=^^
=~R
=}~
"
q*~O
<QO_
Xi
L`~^
O*
HO
02
14
40
11
02
26
10
04
06
14
28
20
29
48
02
02
01
01
21
80
13
01
01
7
16
05
01
11
05
03
04
06
12
09
11
19
01
01
01
01
10
31
07
01
60
126
243
90
40
182
90
68
76
81
224
140
230
288
60
60
40
60
147
403
117
32
`q<_
u~
L`~OK
t=OQ
~[<
_b
39
02
05
05
25
07
18
01
03
03
10
03
234
60
70
70
200
60
5) ~` PiH ==
OK=~ }VH:- ~`^xH }oH|^"# PiH == LO_x `eiQ zOz#k.
"HQ O_O q~ . W`_ `# < ZH#q P WO_
J< Q O ^O ~`^
xH
}
oH
J=~=x `e*~. }oH Ox 1950 OII~O ^tH ` 39= ~*OQ
x|O^# H~O U~@ K~. ~` OK=~ }oH ^# HO =lH <O
~`=Ma=$k. WO_ OK=~ }oH J# =## "\#"_ <. ~`^O
}oH OO H"x `eiQ zOz#k + KO^.
7= }oH:- H= U1, 1985 #O_ =i 31, 1990 =~. D }oH =Y` P~O,
Lk, L`^H`. D }oH HO H ~OQxH J`kH =Y` W=|_Ok. 1990-92
=^HO ~[H J~` H~}:Q }oH Py~. [=~ ~*Q~ ^H=, <
~*Qi ^H= 1989 D HO< ~OaOK|_~.
}
oH H=. s Z`#
PiH O~} NH~O K@|_#
}
oH 8=
}
oH. ~ [Ou
i ~*Q~ [# ^H= 1977 J= K|_Ok.
W=|_Ok. D
}
oH HO< ~ tH Ja
< ~OaOK|_Ok. ~[ Ou Q g} ~*Q~
[# 1999 ^HO J= K|_Ok.
}
oH =~^
~ H ` x ~OkOK|_Ok. D
}
oH =MO. D
}
oH l_ =$k~ @
HO 10%, ^ ~OQO 4% =$k~@ kOKx HOQ x~~OK<~. 2016-2017
<\H `i P^O ~\O K_O, H`Q 7 H@ L^Q# $+OKO_O, q^=O`#
x~^Q ~@# 5% H< `= ~H fHx "e J<q H. =^ |_ =x"#
z<~ `x `O H< 52 #Oz 20H `yOKe. t =~} ~@ HOQ x~~OK~.
2009 <\H JO^iH i^"
#
` Qh~# JO^@H `=_=.
u
1000 =Ok ~+
OY# 2011-12 <\H 935, 2016 <\H 950 H K~x HOQ x~~OK~. 2009
<\H JO^iH q^` H<H< W"e. 2007 #=O|~ <\H u Q=xH >e< H<H< W"e.
2011-12 <\H Jx Q= _ O_ H<Hq\ HeOKe. 1000 =Ok [< Q
Q= 2009 <\H ~_ H~O HeOKe. J_=, K@ q~x 5% OK_=. 2011-12
<\H
^
# #Q~ " Hx
O K P~Q
=
} =~ `yO K_=
. #^ Hx
`yO K_xH 2011 <\H Jx @}
=~ [# kK
_O H OQ x~~ OK~.
^iHx
2007 <\H 5% xH `yOKe. 2012 <\H 15% `yOKx x~~OK~. ==~OQO
LkH U\ 6% =O`# OKe.
HO^ |_\ q:|_\ J< ^xH == 'Q\ J< Oz ^O. Q\ J#Q ` Oz Jx J~=.
|_\ J< ^=# "^\iQ "_# ^= WOQO_. ~*OQO |_\# 112= PiH
~<~. |_\ H u O=`~O O|~ < "^=`~. ^~} |_@ #O_
~ |_@
1921 "~ ~Ok. |_@
^~} K~ 4 ~A [~Q`Ok. ~[ `# P"^xH
O# PiH a# 14 ~A "#H Oe LO@Ok. `O` ~`^
`e |_@
"
\#
~A #=O|~ 16, 1947. `e |_@ "\# =H P~.H. +}YO \. J`kH |_@ ~H~Q
xK#"~. =~i^ 10 ~ |_@# ="\<_. |_@# "\# UHH =
PiH =Ou WOk~QOn, ^#=OuQ LO@ |_@# "\#"~ <, WOk~QOn,
~r"QOn u U\ ~"O@ |_@# "\# ~A |=i 28 a\+ O 19992000 =~ |_@# "@|_# == O`O 5 QOII |=i 29. 1964-68 b
OII~O `# \#~A <_ |_@# "\# =H =~i^. `O`=x 2006
<\H =iOz# |_@ 70, ``eH |_@ 11, ``eH i ~ |_@# "~ "~
s "\# J~^# O@# 1991-92 Z^~Ok. "\#"~ O` <,
=<<OQ, ~~ <}O# "^\i WO_ =kOz# "^\ =O <
+
~i. ~`^
O
~ H~ hx
"
\#
"~. a
\+
`O ~~ q=# "^\ iQ
1949 OII `yOK~. ~`^O PiH == U 1# ~O==`Ok.
`
~ K~ Of Q g} O U~_#
O=`~ =
1975. H~ h q= `yO ZQ=u
Ja=$kH ^^_`Ok. ^O Q ^# @OH 4 Jq:- 1) =O 2) HH` 3)
^~^ 4) <~_. WO_< i\ <H H^. OH <\ _" H^.
~ 10,50,100 O <@# =kOK H~h <@ <H =^~. `O ~`
H~h <@ 15 + LO@<~. XH ~~ <@# ~` PiH =Ou` Y =kOk.
XH ~~ <@ ~` PiH =Ou` Y H~^i O`HO LO@Ok. XH ~ <@
HO> Z= =}O Q <@# =kOz *s Kk. i[~OH. XH ~~ <@ HO>
Z= =}O Q F@ i[~ OH Q=~~ O`HO LO@Ok. XH ~~ q= 3=
}oH HO `yOk. _| ZO` Z= J~` Jk `K == OY `Q`Ok. Wk ^"}
iuH O|OkOz# q+O. ^"}=OQ a O^"~ ~}Q`. ~`^O
J`kH qOQ Q$ ~OQO #O_ =~. i~O\ WO_< O_# ZaS *s K~.
P Ja=$k O ^# H~= =h, e< H^. a@< =_ ="O e`OQ
1944 U~_ O OK O SaP~_SZOZ, PO^O ==_ Q~A \a
`~= W\= PO^^ ~` `eiQ H< Z\ZO "\# O PO^ O.
6) [#~ <
XH =H x` `K x|_ Q\Q Qe e` s_OQ `Q`Ok. ^x H~}O J`x g^
L`=# |O ~Q@. =~`O H`# qe g@~, O\g@~ ~O@~. H`# HeK
iH~ `xiQ Hh H` LO_e. s~ =~# LQ_ qH~}, ~~# H~},
~_Q LQ_ H~}, ZH H~}. >x |Ou, ~|~ >~ # QiOK_xH ZH
H~}
# L
y~ . ~ OH `# O_xH L
Q_
H~}
~~} H~}
. H_
`~` ~Q
~Q_
xH L
Q_
H~}
~~} H~}
. H_ `~` ~Q
~Q_
xH L
Q_
H~} ~~} H~}. ~HO H~O_ K zH` LQ_ H~} [~ H~}. ^~
x~}xH Qi `H=_xH LQ_ H~} =$^ ZH H~}.
[~# LyOz zH` K s~ Q H=, Tiu`, HH H~} [xO
Kq ~_ =i qe< #H`. ~H\ xK `= #@< =_ Q=# x==.
#O_ "# f# `~=` O^` ~Q`Ok. LQOx =H q K@ u~Q`Ok.
J`_ ^=~t =~^, ~O #O J=`Ok. " ^xH =#"# =H` "~O LO_ XH
~~x qi` Jk Li`O ZH_ _^. [O K =H q ~O_ g@~ Z`# ZQ~
Qey` J^ =H KO^x 12 g@~ Z` ZQ~ Q^.
l
+
#
i \\
H
=
} HO 24 QOII. H$u
= LQ
q^` H ~H~}
^~ [xOk. HH uiQ QO <\=~ g^ P^~_ q g^ L# =H == H
Yz`"# <x H#Q<O^ Ly# OHuH q^#" Q| OQ ". "
#O_ KH \H# JHO^ O`O ^~ "~ K~. JO` ^~O K HO LO_O>
^xx KQ "_ne. JO` ^~ ^iOK JO` H}xH =H~}=
~=#x ZH< q<= J}=x ~=}= J=iH. ~O_ "~ "~ JO` =^
PH~} H qH~} |= "\ ^$= ` "\ =^ ^~= =i Jk L# #OH P^~_
LO@Ok. Q Q# q+"= LxHx #H=_xH LyOK ^x ^~= qO^<.
^x "QO HO> JkH "QO` }OK ==# ~ xH == JO\~. ^x "QO HO>
`= "QO` }OK ==x xH == JO\~.
\.q ~ =# } J=k 30 "Q ~ #O_ 300 ZOK*_. XH =x+ q#QeQ ^x
=# } J=k 20 ZOK[_ #O_ 20,000 "Q ~ =~ LO@Ok. Qa pH\ u~Q_xH
H~}O Jq L`u K JxH ^#. u ^x QiOK_xH LO_=# Hh ^~= 11 g@~.
KO^x g^ ^x Li` "Q= #=. h\ ^x"Q= Qe ^x "QxH 4 ~@. # O
K ^# Ju ^#. =^ `# Ju^## LyOz H~. `=Q L# Qe
^ x"Q=
Qe HO> Z=. "`~ HO
O KO J`kHO Q "_|_`# | \OQ<
"O\
|. ~+x QO`H<, QO` HKQ LO_\xH H~}O, JkH _# ". h\ J_Q# =xy
L# ==# JO> `= q~<# ^ =xy~# F_, <H LxHx `#k ~
O.
=O`#
<q H"` [~_
O = =O`# e
=
^O LO__xH H~}O J#<^=.
u^x [xOK_xH ^x [#HxH ~=~# `xH LO_e# Hh ^~= 16.5 g@~. XH Qk
=@ "~H QkH qxOK_xH H~}O Qe HO> h\ ^x"QO Z=.
` J<k ^x ~=~# `O P^~_ xKOk. PH he ~OQ H~}= HOu
iH}= =i HOu =uH~}=. ~~t =# | ~ HOu=O`= JQ ~OQ#
HxOK K ^y+=-O~O`~ ~=~#=.
HOu H ~A=~# Q}= = ~KO^ Q}= HQ`~. Mu QOz# ~=<
ZH HOu "^[ @ O|OkOz# JO=. =~O i# `~ "` ~xH =u~H k WO^^
#
HxOk. H=~ LO_ Q= <` @#= Q xKOk. H"u HOu hO =~O
LO_^. H# h~ `=Q, `Q HxOK_xH H~}O =H=#=. =OKi O`
"#= ~OQ @ J=~`~. =[O JkH =H=# Q}H= `= OkQ H}= =#
"~Ok. >eq[< `~g^ HxOK ~OQx Z~, PK, hO ~OQ #O_ L`#O J=`~.
^~}OQ JQ_ HOu `~OQO `~OQ^~ _= 400 #O_ 700 << g@~ LO@Ok. HOu
}OK =~O J_O =^ =Oy }OK_< =~}= JO\~. =^xH OH`OQ
Z~~OQ< "__xH H~}O Z~ `~OQ^~= Z=. ZO_== U~__xH H~}O HOu
O~O`~ ~=~#
=. ~_ #O_ HH H~}O H OnH$` Ob#=. #H
~ iH~ #
q@H
^ #O_ H_@H "_|_#q H_O H_. ^~ #H~ iH~ H q_^ K
= ^~= ~xO 235. _[< zH` "_|_k H 60. J@OO| HH =}=
\ZO\ "\H @#. HO^H iH~ xO`} H_ #\<# +OKO\~.
HO f=`# ``Ok. ZH H_
Q U~MOO
LO^ `H=_xH L
Q_
`Ok.
\# LyOz ^== #i=}x H~. Q< g@~, `= q^`#yOz
HK@ LQ_`Ok. Hig@~ L+ i=}=# HK@, Qg@~ Qe `=,
O^`# HK@ _g@~ ^== qt+ O^`# HK@ LQ_`Ok. _<
Q
J<k t < QiOz `e* O k. H <r J<k Ki`H HH=
J^ #O. HeQ
J#Q Ku"` J^#O ^ Qr. HHQ J#Q xO@= O|OkOz# G=. x\H
J<k + LK~} QiOz ``Ok. Ji`r J#Q O|OkOz# G=. \r J#Q
"^ O|OkOz# G=. r J<k
HO `e*
G=. ' >e J<k O
H~} O|OkOz# G=. HQ J<k ~ i^# G=. O@=r J<k H@H
O|OkOz# G=.,, J\H J<k HOu ^~, =O QiOz ``Ok. iH~ J#Q
@~Q OHO. ==r H~^~ J^#O. "^r J#Q ~} J^#O. "\H~ J#Q
^
H `@
OHO . "H r J#Q H Q_Q
OHO . ^~ \H J<k P~QO =i ^x O~H}
Yx* "\ =_ ^~:JqxO Yx* H =_ ^~= H\. HqO #O_ ^~= H"\ _
=_^~= Qb<, W#= H =_ ^~ ~\, =>\, =Q>\, e"<\, ~y H
=_ ^~ K\, K\.
"w+
O H =_ ^~ =Q>\
, _"\
. =OQh H =_ ^~
~\
.
^~x <~ Jx, xH# <HO_ _\ Jx, ~xO# ~<\ Jx ^ K=O_ Jx
~. @OQ<# ""\ Jx, \<# H@~\ Jx, O_x JiO>\ Jx, >\xO# W=<\
Jx, |OQ~O# H\+ Jx ~.
P= aOK ^~:J_H P=== "W#Q~ aOk. JHiH P== q@q< LO@Ok. \H P==
x= ^ px *u O_ LO@Ok. Z"<P=== \# ^~ U~_`~. HH P== #
WOk. =eH P== O_, _ HiH P== r~ O|O^"# ~`, >HH P== `,
xH P== =`=, #uH P== "H "~ LO@Ok.
" QqOQ OQ*. W<=~ \ J#Q WO@~+# =i@< \\. < J#Q H
Ui <\=~. =< J#Q "\e@< Ui <\=~. _|.Z._|. J#Q "_ Ui
<\=~. ~O ~O_" PH ""i. ~O J#Q s_ Fx ""i. SZ J#Q WO@~<\
s QO. SP~ J#Q WO@~<\ i K~. _| ._| ._| . J#Q =~ "_ ". _|
._| ._| . J#Q =~ "_ " H<i\O. W. *< J#Q WO@~<\ "eQ =Q*<. 2008
<\ OQ~ K=}H f~## H` ~HO ^=O W.=h. W-al< J#Q WO@~<\
H~O x "iH WO@~<\ H~O JOkOK_=. OKO ^=OQ O~ W. <\=~Q
Q l D =^< ^# OkOK# ~`^ Qg} l H~x =~~O. ^O
HO@~ qxQxH ~H# K# ~RO H~. D ~RO H J< * ^~ D
*# K\~. J#Q e J\">_ s P \<~ _~"O\. [ _qOQ
<, "< il+<, i\, # KeO =O\q `~O K@ PO^^
`O "\# ^H=. H~ J#Q HO@~* Z~__ J_x\" _~"O\. il+<
==~ "QO Q, O Q [~@ ~ q# Y 1998 H~#
"
\O k. UZ_|
Z<PO^^+ \ "_ Ui <\=~. ~R z"O #O_ Jx l ^# HO^` Wk
J#O^#O K|_Ok. ZaZ<-PO^^ \ H>i\ HO Ui <\=~. ~R
z " Ox Jx =O u ` Y# J# O ^ #O K @ U Z Z Z< #
L
y<
~ . s~ JO`~Q # 3_Q KQ J`^ xH iH~O . ZOP~S J#Q =Q\H
i<< W"lOQ. =#O WK P[# \OK_xH HO@~ x~~OK >" x\ H
HO_. OKOx ^= ~| HO@~ $+H~ P_" J~. HO@~ + ~
=kOz# =K~x ~ H JO\~. \ HO\ Z~~H LyOK_O `___xH
~`^O `HOQ `~K# ~ HO@~ Qu. ~`^O `*Q `~K#
~ HO@~ ~O ^. ~O ^ =~ O 1 >~. Z HO@~ P~ \OQ " ZOy<#
QQ Hey LO@Ok. <H OKO `e ~# HO@~ P~. `e < HOx `s
K#
HO
x ZiH<
. HO@~ "
~ >i<l. Za J#Q Z\< i HO@~. Z
J#Q P\"\H HeOQ x\. ZSZ J#Q P< H# H=xH+< WO@~ J_~.
Z_ J#Q J< _l@ H<=~~. Z_ J#Q J_< _\ H=xH+< HO\ [~.
Z_ J#Q P\"\H _\ OQ. ZW_ J#Q P Q ZH>O__ ~ _*<. ZZZ J#Q
JH qb ~ OQ*. ZKZ J#Q Z ~U=~ OQ OQ*.
ZW J#Q Pi+ WO>e*<. ZZ _|ZZ J#Q Ji^qH OQ*. ZZ
JO`iH= H$u= LQ :
"^\ JO`iH "H <H \H -1 nxx JH|~ 4, 1957 yOK~. 31 [#=i
1958 JO`iH=xH yOK|_# J"iH "~ <H ~ ZH~~ - 1.
JO`iHOx O|_# "@"^\ =H i QQi< W`_ 1961 U 12 # FH
J< "=# ^~ JO`iHOH J_Q\~. W`_ ~ ^xH KOk#"_. JO`iHOH
}Oz# `e= "eO\< `i" W" 1963 E< 16# FH - 6 ^~ JO`iHO H
J_Q\Ok. JO`iHOH }Oz# `e J"iH< J" +~ W`# "~i -3 J< <H
^~ JO`iHOH "_. JO`iHOH "+Oz# `e J"iH< = e~_ W" 1983
E< 18# D ` #k. 2 ~ JO`iH#O K# = \< q`H,
H# K" JO`iHO #_z# `e=H Jy Ze<", W`_ 1965 " 18# "" -2
#O_ |@ =z JO`iHO "@"^\iQ #_K_.
JO`iHO #_z# `e= \`# q`H. ~^ #_z# ~O_= =H Z_=~
ZK. <\
W`# 1965 E< 3 *qx-4 #O_ JO`iHO H
\ 21 xq @ JO`iHO
#_K_. ~^ J`kH ~A Q_# =H <s H W`# ~^xH KOk#"_.
W`# ~^ 438 ~A Q__.
JO`iHO J_y_# "^\ ~f_ ~H+ ~ W`# 1984 U 3# \2 ^~
JO`iHOH }OK_. JO`iHO J_Q @## ~O_= " ~f_ Q+
"__Y~ W`_ J"iH ^xH KOk#"_.
JO`iHO J_Q_# `e ~f = H< K" JO`iHOH "o# ~O_=
~f = x` qe" JO`iHO J_Q_< `e K< "=Qq OQ @~
W`_ +O[<-5 J< "H <H ^~ JO`iHOH "_. KO^x J_Q\# =#=_
P~OQ Z_< J< JOQ~x QO H Li` H z`# f O#
JO`iH <Y "HOQ 1, 2 |^Q i^#H yOz# JO`iH <H "O[~ "~#~ 10
H Q i^#H yOz# JO`iH <H "~#~ -2
x Q i^#H yOz# JO`iH <H Hx
^H}
Hi H H\ \ 3 [~h H @\ _. .P~. LQ
# .Z.q..
2 <H ^~ 1999 " 26#
"
@@ ^~ W JO`iH
Q
= ^~ `izOW.
J}H:
1948
K.*. J^ H` #
J\qH Z#s Hg+< =O U~_O k. 1954 J}H qQO
U~_Ok. =#^O "@"^\ J} @= sH 1974 " 18# ~[< `~ Z_i L#
H< J< O`O [iyOk. J\ ^x WOk~QOn D J} sH \xO#
WO^#
=Q L
yOK~. D
QO
\#
~ |^_
#"_. ~ O_=i " 11, 1998#
=_ Q~ J} sH _[< O| sH` He 13# =~ ~O_ sH x~OK~.
~O_= J}sH P~+< H 98 J< OH`<=O \~. ^O Z= ~xO
x Q ~+= c~, OQO l JkHOQ H^. OKOH Z= `iO
x Q ^= ~`?
~`^O "@"^\ ~ [ O\ 1962 ~OaOz# ^= #OQ O*
~`^
^t i*#O xiOz# `e J} q^` H O^=
HHO . 1972 U~@ K |_#
i= J} iH~ \xO PH_# WO^#OQ qxy<~. #H~ iH~
q`HiQ LyOKk h~^ _\iO Hey# ~[=.
^Ox ~[ L`u HO^:1. #OQ O*, 2) |~_, Q[~`, 3) \H~<, `q<_, 4. `K~, Fi, 5) H\,
~[<, 6) ` =~+, 7) =}Q~ PO^^.
qq^ J} iH~ :1. J~: - ~`^O H `e J}iH~, Wk P< "^\k nxx 1958 PQ
4# U~@ K~.
2. Hqx : ~`^O "^\ c_~ #\< iH~, Wk HHO `q<_ =^
<H|_Ok.
3. ~ nx x~}O 1960 [iyOk. Wk H#_ WO_ iH~ Wk 40 "Q"@
J}iH~.
4. ^=: ~`^ Ju^ J}iH~ ^= Wk 100 "Q J} iH~ nxx PQ 15,
1984 #O_ xK~<~.
5. [i< : r~ Z#i iH~ > W#Q+< JOa nxx 1961 Hg+< K~.