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2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Outline
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Functions
Two inputs, marked + and on the symbol Inputs named Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifies Vid where Vid = Vi1 Vi2
In general, performs the mathematical function Vo = A (Vi1 Vi2) Gain (A) is set using external resistors
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Mathematical Functions
Other Functions
Comparators High, Low, Band Pass Filters Timers Analog to Digital Converters Pulse Width Modulators
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Schematic Diagram
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Characteristics
Infinite Gain (A) Infinite Bandwidth Infinite Input Impedance (Zi) Zero Output Impedance (Zo) Output Voltage zero when inputs are at the same potential Vo = 0 when Vi1 = Vi2 Infinite Speed (Slew Rate)
Background image courtesy of [Mr Lightman]/FreeDigitalPhotos.net 2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Characteristics
Infinite Gain (A) Infinite Bandwidth Infinite Input Impedance (Zi) Zero Output Impedance (Zo) Output Voltage zero when inputs are at the same potential Vo = 0 when Vi1 = Vi2 Infinite Speed (Slew Rate)
Background image courtesy of [Mr Lightman]/FreeDigitalPhotos.net 2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
When Vi1 > Vi2 then Vo = VCC (Pos Supply) When Vi1 < Vi2 then Vo = VEE (Neg Supply) When Vi1 = Vi2 then Vo = 0
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Transfer Curve
+Vo
+VCC
-Vid
+Vid
-VEE -Vo
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Infinite Bandwidth
Operates at the same Gain at all input frequencies Directly coupled stages, no capacitors to limit low end response Will operate at 0Hz (DC)
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Impedances
All power transferred to load Output stays constant with increasing load
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Output Voltage zero when inputs are at the same potential Vo = 0 when Vi1 = Vi2 Eliminates noise common to both inputs No voltage offset at output
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Infinite Speed
Perfect Slew Rate Output changes immediately and proportionately with change in input
Vid t Vo t
Background image courtesy of [Mr Lightman]/FreeDigitalPhotos.net 2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Internal Functions
INPUT STAGE
Differential Amp. High Voltage Gain High Impedance
INTERM. STAGE
OUTPUT STAGE
Power Amp Low Impedance Usually Push-Pull
Differential Amp. Remove DC Offset High Voltage Gain Current Gain Single Ended Output Emitter Follower
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Input Types
Input stage may have different designs Typical Op-Amp uses BJT at Input
High Input Impedance (2M) Draws current from signal source May require biasing resistors Very High Input Impedance (1000G) Draws no current from signal source
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Output Types
Output cannot swing to VCC / VEE Difficult to use in single supply circuits Not useable in low voltage circuits (<10V)
Allows output to swing very close to VCC / VEE Preferred for Mobile, low voltage, single supply
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Review
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Software:
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License
Copyright (c) 2012 by Mladen Hruska. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada license All images, diagrams, charts, etc. are the copyright work of Mladen Hruska if not immediately attributed otherwise For more information: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ca/
2012 Mladen Hruska This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License