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  • Naruta and Teer 2006 - Pre Quake Demographics - San Franciso Chinatown

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    Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer, “Pre-quake Demographics,” a report on San Francisco Chinatown composition in 1900, and the Chinese, Japanese, and African American newspapers then operating there. In Unshakable: Rebirth of S.F. Chinatown in 1906, Sing Tao Daily Commemorative Supplement, April 15, 2006. (Anna Naruta, content consultant) Oakland Public Library: Main Library Oakland History Room - Local History Room 979.461 UNSHAKABL Demographics (Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer) THE CITY The 1900 census named San Francisco the ninth most populous city in the nation, with a recorded count of 342,782 residents. A full third of San Francisco’s population then had been born outside the United States. Chinese and Chinese Americans comprised at least four percent of the population, being recorded at 13,954 persons. The Chinese Exclusion laws had been in effect since 1882, and this figure represents nearly a fifty percent decline from the 1890 census of Chinese San Franciscans. While for all census category groups in California, men outnumbered women, discriminatory measures that severely limited immigration of women of Chinese descent led to a 1910 recorded population ratio among Chinese San Franciscans of ten-to-one. Restrictions had not yet been imposed on Japanese immigration, and recorded number of Japanese San Franciscans increased from 590 in the previous census to 1,781, or half a percent of the total city’s 1900 population. African Americans were recorded to have comprised a similar proportion of the population, at 1,654 persons, suggesting a decline of nearly 200 since the 1890 census. The 1900 census enumerated only fifteen Native Americans in the city. Of immigrants in San Francisco the largest number were Germans, who were recorded to comprise thirty percent of the population born outside the U.S., followed by Irish, recorded at fourteen percent. The first census after the earthquake showed that at 416,912, San Francisco was still California’s largest city, although its growth rate was the lowest. (Compared with a twenty-two percent increase, Oakland expanded 124 percent, and Berkeley 206 percent over the same period.) Among people the 1910 census classified as white, a full forty percent had at least one parent who was an immigrant, the highest ratio among California counties. The effects of Chinese Exclusion and related discriminatory legislation continued to be felt in a lower recorded population of San Franciscans of Chinese descent: 10,582 persons, or about two and a half percent of the city’s population. Records of Chinese businesses and manufacturies show many Chinese San Franciscans lived and worked outside of Chinatown, and Chinatown’s commercial and light industrial district extended along the area of Commercial Street all the way down to the Bay. CHINATOWN While portions of the white population agitated for residential segregation in San Francisco, San Francisco’s Chinatown itself hosted people of many ethnicities and national origins. Block-by-block enumeration in the 1900 census shows how Chinatown was home to ethnically mixed neighborhoods of Chinese, Mexican, Irish, French, Chilean, Swedish, and San Franciscans of other backgrounds, as well couples who married across “racial” boundaries and their families. Chinese-language newspapers publishing in Chinatown in 1905, Mong Hing Yat Bo (Chinese Daily World), Tai Tung Yat Bo (Chinese Free Press), and Chung Sai Yat Po (Chinese-Western Daily), were joined by other community-serving media. The offices of the Japanese American Issei newspaper, Shin Sekai, or The New World, (1894-1942), the African American newspaper, the San Francisco Vindicator (ca. 1884-1906), and for a time, the African American newspaper The Elevator (1865-1915), all operated from Chinatown, in the block that today is the site of the Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, across Clay Street from the Chinese Historical Society of America. Sources:

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    Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer, “Pre-quake Demographics,” a report on San Francisco Chinatown composition in 1900, and the Chinese, Japanese, and African American newspapers then operating there. In Unshakable: Rebirth of S.F. Chinatown in 1906, Sing Tao Daily Commemorative Supplement, April 15, 2006. (Anna Naruta, content consultant) Oakland Public Library: Main Library Oakland History Room - Local History Room 979.461 UNSHAKABL Demographics (Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer) THE CITY The 1900 census named San Francisco the ninth most populous city in the nation, with a recorded count of 342,782 residents. A full third of San Francisco’s population then had been born outside the United States. Chinese and Chinese Americans comprised at least four percent of the population, being recorded at 13,954 persons. The Chinese Exclusion laws had been in effect since 1882, and this figure represents nearly a fifty percent decline from the 1890 census of Chinese San Franciscans. While for all census category groups in California, men outnumbered women, discriminatory measures that severely limited immigration of women of Chinese descent led to a 1910 recorded population ratio among Chinese San Franciscans of ten-to-one. Restrictions had not yet been imposed on Japanese immigration, and recorded number of Japanese San Franciscans increased from 590 in the previous census to 1,781, or half a percent of the total city’s 1900 population. African Americans were recorded to have comprised a similar proportion of the population, at 1,654 persons, suggesting a decline of nearly 200 since the 1890 census. The 1900 census enumerated only fifteen Native Americans in the city. Of immigrants in San Francisco the largest number were Germans, who were recorded to comprise thirty percent of the population born outside the U.S., followed by Irish, recorded at fourteen percent. The first census after the earthquake showed that at 416,912, San Francisco was still California’s largest city, although its growth rate was the lowest. (Compared with a twenty-two percent increase, Oakland expanded 124 percent, and Berkeley 206 percent over the same period.) Among people the 1910 census classified as white, a full forty percent had at least one parent who was an immigrant, the highest ratio among California counties. The effects of Chinese Exclusion and related discriminatory legislation continued to be felt in a lower recorded population of San Franciscans of Chinese descent: 10,582 persons, or about two and a half percent of the city’s population. Records of Chinese businesses and manufacturies show many Chinese San Franciscans lived and worked outside of Chinatown, and Chinatown’s commercial and light industrial district extended along the area of Commercial Street all the way down to the Bay. CHINATOWN While portions of the white population agitated for residential segregation in San Francisco, San Francisco’s Chinatown itself hosted people of many ethnicities and national origins. Block-by-block enumeration in the 1900 census shows how Chinatown was home to ethnically mixed neighborhoods of Chinese, Mexican, Irish, French, Chilean, Swedish, and San Franciscans of other backgrounds, as well couples who married across “racial” boundaries and their families. Chinese-language newspapers publishing in Chinatown in 1905, Mong Hing Yat Bo (Chinese Daily World), Tai Tung Yat Bo (Chinese Free Press), and Chung Sai Yat Po (Chinese-Western Daily), were joined by other community-serving media. The offices of the Japanese American Issei newspaper, Shin Sekai, or The New World, (1894-1942), the African American newspaper, the San Francisco Vindicator (ca. 1884-1906), and for a time, the African American newspaper The Elevator (1865-1915), all operated from Chinatown, in the block that today is the site of the Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, across Clay Street from the Chinese Historical Society of America. Sources:

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    Naruta and Teer 2006 - Pre Quake Demographics - San Franciso Chinatown

    Загружено:

    Anna_Naruta
    Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer, “Pre-quake Demographics,” a report on San Francisco Chinatown composition in 1900, and the Chinese, Japanese, and African American newspapers then operating there. In Unshakable: Rebirth of S.F. Chinatown in 1906, Sing Tao Daily Commemorative Supplement, April 15, 2006. (Anna Naruta, content consultant) Oakland Public Library: Main Library Oakland History Room - Local History Room 979.461 UNSHAKABL Demographics (Anna Naruta and Jamille Teer) THE CITY The 1900 census named San Francisco the ninth most populous city in the nation, with a recorded count of 342,782 residents. A full third of San Francisco’s population then had been born outside the United States. Chinese and Chinese Americans comprised at least four percent of the population, being recorded at 13,954 persons. The Chinese Exclusion laws had been in effect since 1882, and this figure represents nearly a fifty percent decline from the 1890 census of Chinese San Franciscans. While for all census category groups in California, men outnumbered women, discriminatory measures that severely limited immigration of women of Chinese descent led to a 1910 recorded population ratio among Chinese San Franciscans of ten-to-one. Restrictions had not yet been imposed on Japanese immigration, and recorded number of Japanese San Franciscans increased from 590 in the previous census to 1,781, or half a percent of the total city’s 1900 population. African Americans were recorded to have comprised a similar proportion of the population, at 1,654 persons, suggesting a decline of nearly 200 since the 1890 census. The 1900 census enumerated only fifteen Native Americans in the city. Of immigrants in San Francisco the largest number were Germans, who were recorded to comprise thirty percent of the population born outside the U.S., followed by Irish, recorded at fourteen percent. The first census after the earthquake showed that at 416,912, San Francisco was still California’s largest city, although its growth rate was the lowest. (Compared with a twenty-two percent increase, Oakland expanded 124 percent, and Berkeley 206 percent over the same period.) Among people the 1910 census classified as white, a full forty percent had at least one parent who was an immigrant, the highest ratio among California counties. The effects of Chinese Exclusion and related discriminatory legislation continued to be felt in a lower recorded population of San Franciscans of Chinese descent: 10,582 persons, or about two and a half percent of the city’s population. Records of Chinese businesses and manufacturies show many Chinese San Franciscans lived and worked outside of Chinatown, and Chinatown’s commercial and light industrial district extended along the area of Commercial Street all the way down to the Bay. CHINATOWN While portions of the white population agitated for residential segregation in San Francisco, San Francisco’s Chinatown itself hosted people of many ethnicities and national origins. Block-by-block enumeration in the 1900 census shows how Chinatown was home to ethnically mixed neighborhoods of Chinese, Mexican, Irish, French, Chilean, Swedish, and San Franciscans of other backgrounds, as well couples who married across “racial” boundaries and their families. Chinese-language newspapers publishing in Chinatown in 1905, Mong Hing Yat Bo (Chinese Daily World), Tai Tung Yat Bo (Chinese Free Press), and Chung Sai Yat Po (Chinese-Western Daily), were joined by other community-serving media. The offices of the Japanese American Issei newspaper, Shin Sekai, or The New World, (1894-1942), the African American newspaper, the San Francisco Vindicator (ca. 1884-1906), and for a time, the African American newspaper The Elevator (1865-1915), all operated from Chinatown, in the block that today is the site of the Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, across Clay Street from the Chinese Historical Society of America. Sources:

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    The City Chinese descent: 10,582 persons, or about two and
    ~'"
    T he 1900 census named San Francisco the a half percent of the city's population. Records of ..'

    Chinese businesses and manufacturies show many


    ninth most populous city in the nation, Chinese San Franciscans lived and worked outside
    with a recorded count of 342,782 residents.
    of Chinatown, and Chinatown's commercial and ......
    A full third of San Francisco's population then had
    been born outside the United States. Chinese and light industrial district extended along the area of Masthead of the "The Vindicator Newspaper".
    Commercial Street all the way down to the Bay. SF Publiclibrary
    Chinese Americans comprised at least four percent
    CHINATOWN with diversified population
    of the population, being recorded at 13,954
    While portions of the white population agitated
    persons. The Chinese Exclusion laws had been in
    for residential segregation in San Francisco, San
    Sources:
    effect since 1882, and this figure represents nearly a
    Francisco's Chinatown itself hosted people of
    fifty percent decline from the 1890 census of
    many ethnicities and national origins. ~ma, Eiichiro, Shin Sekai, In Engdopedia of JopantSt
    Chinese San Franciscans. While for all census
    American Hutory, Updated Edition, An A-to-Z R£jtmlte from
    Block-by-block enumeration in the 1900 census
    category groups in California, men outnumbered 1868 to the Present, Brian Nifya, Editor, Japanese American
    shows how Chinatown was home to ethnically National MlISl!llm, New York: Checkmark Books.
    women, discriminatory measures that severely
    limited immigration of women of Chinese descent mixed neighborhoods of Chinese, Mexican, Irish,
    French, Chilean, Swedish, and San Franciscans of AZ"ma, Eikhiro, The Politics of Transnational Hutory
    led to a 1910 recorded population ratio among
    other backgrounds, as well couples who married Making: JopantSt Immigrants on the Western 'Frontier,'
    Chinese San Franciscans of ten-to-one.
    across "racial" boundaries and their families. . 1927-1941, Journal ofAmerican Hutory, 89(4), Marrh 2003.
    Restrictions had not yet been imposed on
    Chinese-language newspapers publishing in
    Japanese immigration, and recorded number qf Beas~, Deliah L, The Ntgra Trail Blazm of California; a
    Chinatown in 1905, Mong Hing Yat Bo (Chinese compilation of recordsfrom the California arrhives in the Bancroft
    Japanese San Franciscans increased from 590 in the
    Daily World), Tai Tung Yat Bo (Chinese Free library at the Universiry of California, in Berke~; and from the
    previous census to 1,781, or half a percent of the
    Press), and Chung Sai Yat Po (Chinese-Western diams, old papers, and convmation.r of old pionem in the State
    total city's 1900 population. African Americans of California, New York: Times Mirror Printing and Binding
    Daily), were joined by other community-serving
    were recorded to have comprised a similar House, 1919.
    media. The offices of the Japanese American Issei
    proportion of the population, at 1,654 persons,
    newspaper, Shin Sekai, or The New World, Dicker, Laverne Mau. 1979. The Chinese in San
    suggesting a decline of nearly 200 since the 1890
    (1894-1942), the African American newspaper, the Franmco:A PidorialHistory. New York: Dover Publications,
    census. The 1900 census enumerated only fifteen Inc.
    San Francisco Vindicator (ca. 1884-1906), and for a
    Native Americans in the city. Of immigrants in
    time, the African American newspaper The
    San Francisco the largest number were Germans, Lai, Him Marie. 1986. A HiJIory &claimed: An
    Elevator (1865-1915), all operated from
    who were recorded to comprise thirty percent of Annotated Bibliograpf?yof ChineseLanguageMaterials on the
    Chinatown, in the block that today is the site of the ChineseofAmerica, etis.fumeD Leong andJean Pang Yip. Los
    the population born outside the U.S., followed by
    Gordon J. Lau Elementary School, across Clay Angeles: Re.rOUrrtand Development Publication.r, Arian
    Irish, recorded at fourteen percent.
    Street from the Chinese Historical Society of American Studies Center,Universiryof California.
    The first census after the earthquake showed America.
    that at 416,912, San Francisco was still California's Lorlie, Franm N., San Franmco's Black Communiry,
    largest city, although its growth rate was the lowest. 1870-1890: Dilemmas in the s!nlggle for equaliry,' a thtiU,
    (Compared with a twenty-two percent increase, Reproduced l!} Rand E Re.rearrhAssociates, 1973.

    Oakland expanded 124 percent, and Berkeley 206


    McClain, Charles]. 1994. In Searrh of Equaliry: The
    percent over the same period.) Among people the Chinese S !niggle Against Ducrimination in Nineteenth-Century
    1910 census classified as white, a full forty percent America. Berke~: Universiry of California Press.
    had at least one parent who was an immigrant, the
    highest ratio among California counties. Merriam, William R, Director of the Cenms Bureau,
    The effects of Chinese Exclusion and related TlllelfthCt1ISIISof the United States, Taken in the Year 1900,
    Ct1ISIIS&ports VoINmeI, PopulationPart I, Preparedunderthe
    discriminatory legislation continued to be felt in a S lIjJervisionof William C. Hunt, Chief Statistician for
    lower recorded population of San Franciscans of Population,Washington:UnitedStates Cen.rusOjJice,1901.
    Masthead of the Japanese"
    The New World Newspaper".

    I!~
    . SF Publiclibrary
    San Francir&oCit1 Directoms of the Nineteenth and
    TwentiethCentums, San Franmco Publiclibrary.

    United States Bureau'of the CenSllS, ManllScript Census


    , Enumeration Sheets, 1900 and 1910.
    1-'

    United States Department of Commerre, Bureau of the


    CtnSHS, Thirteenth Ct1ISIIS of the United States Taken in the
    Year 1910, VoINme II, Population 1910, Prepared under the
    S lIjJervision of William C. Hunt, Chief Statistician for
    Population, Washington: Government Printing OjJice, 1913.

    1900 Census Data from San Francisco Chinatown, showing mixed


    neighborhoods. Excerpt from 800 block of Pacific Avenue.
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    Preface
    One hundred years is quite a long time. In general, people rarely think about what
    happened a hundred years ago. Last year, the Chinese Historical Society of America
    contacted Sing Tao to discuss the centennial of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
    Given the historical significance of this event, Sing Tao, as a news agency, is pleased to
    participate in commemorating the event. It is not only because of this whole number
    of "100" is special; it is also because the Chinatown today cannot be separated from
    the hard work and efforts of our ancestors. As the proverb says, "one generation
    plants the trees under whose shade another generation rests", the more we understand
    the history of the earthquake, the more we will cherish taday's Chinatown. With this
    . historical perspective in mind, we will have more insight when we walk down
    Stockton Street or Grant Avenue today.
    Contents
    We call this special supplement "The Unshakable." People have asked: Wasn't San
    A Peaceful and Energetic Chinatown 03 Francisco Chinatown leveled to ground by the earthquake and the big fire? How can
    we say Chinatown was unshakable?
    Preface 04

    Pre-quake Demographics 05 The tide refers to the determination of the Chinese to protect their rights, as well as
    06 to Chinatown itself, which was built with blood and sweat. It is often said that the
    The Furyand Firethat Shocked Chinatown
    Chinese are people without cohesion. But the Chinese supported each other during
    Survivors'Stories... 14 the crisis and their strong opposition to relocating Chinatown after the earthquake
    LewHlng: A Kinsman to the Rescue 21 demonstrates the strong unity among the Chinese. The Chinese did not depend on
    relief. Those who were capable made every effort to find work; and those who were
    Plan for Relocation of Chinatown Rejected 22 weak and could no longer work, went back to the home country. They did not want to
    Scenes from the Quake 26 become a burden to the society, or to disgrace the reputation of the Chinese. This
    excellent Chinese tradition of self-reliance should be honored and taught. People
    True Heroes who Stood up for Chinatown 30
    should not always link the old Chinatown negatively with opium and indecency. .
    Chinatown to satisfy the
    Westem Imagination 36 The editors of Sing Tao have compiled this supplement from the many historical
    materials about the Chinese during the 1906 earthquake. We have, particularly,
    The Speedy Rebuilding of
    Chinatown FamilyAssociations 38 reviewed the Chung Sai Yat Pao, the only Chinese language newspaper published at
    that time. In addition, we interviewed community members and explored issues of the
    Chinese Chamber of Commerce future of Chinatown and Chinese civil rights. Since this supplement covers many
    -from Commercial Interest to Civil Rights 42
    aspects of a huge subject, our hope is that our readers will learn how even the biggest
    The BigOne and the events develop from small clues and that we will continue to acknowledge the
    Development of Satellite Chinatowns 44 contributions of our ancestors, as well as continuing to treasure the Chinatown of
    Chinatown -
    Conservation and today. We would like to dedicate this supplement to the Chinese victims of the 1906
    San Francisco earthquake, as well as the pioneers who helped to rebuild Chinatown.
    Developement 46

    The Long and Winding Road 50 Sing Tao Editorial Department

    ---- ----
    llIiIS.
    SIll n I III L'
    Editor in Chief: Joseph Leung
    Editor: Wmg Chan Headquarter: -m!
    Content Editor: Joyce Chen 5000MarinaBlvd.,3rdFloor,
    Copy Editor: Ben Chan
    Brisbane,
    CA94005
    Art Director: Jie She
    Tel:650-808-8800
    Cover Design : Jie She
    Layout: Angie Zhang Fax:650-808-8801
    Reporter: Shirley Chou, Pearl Liang, E-mail:editor@singtaousa.com
    Ken Hu,Jane Xiao, Website:http://www.singtaousa.com
    Alan Liu, Michael Sze The supplement is published by Sing Tao Newspapers
    Translator: Danny Lone, Kai Lui, (S.F.) Ud. No parts may be reproduced without the
    Brenda Huang written permission of the publisher.
    Content Consultant :Anna Naruta lili'ltili1J"I'i8!imff;'m;U

    04 I The Unshakable-Rebirth of S.F. Chinatown in 1906

    I
    - - -- -- --- - - - --

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