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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Mathematical tables, slide rules and silent non-programmable calculators may be used. These values of physical quantities may be useful to you. Acceleration due to gravity Specific heat capacity of water Specific heat capacity of copper Specific latent heat of fusion of water Speed of sound in air Density of water = = = = = = 10 m s-2 4200 J kg-1 K-1 400 J kg-1 K-1 340000 J kg-1 320 m s-1 1000kgm-1
(b)
(c)
2.
(a)
(i) (ii)
(b) (c)
(d)
Define pressure (01 mark) State the principle of transmission of pressure in liquids. (01 mark) (iii) Give two practical applications of the principle in (a) (i) above (04 marks) Describe an experiment to measure atmospheric pressure. (04 marks) (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum (01 mark) (ii) Two bodies of mass 200kg and 100kg travel towards each other with velocities of 20 1 and 25 1 respectively. Find the common velocity after collision. (03 marks) A body of mass 5kg is at rest when a horizontal force is applied to it. The force varies with time as shown in fig. below. Find
F (N) 50
10 Fig. 1
t (s)
State Newtons laws of motion. (03 marks) A block of mass 50 kg is pulled from rest along a horizontal surface by a rope tied to one face of the block as shown in Fig. 3 below.
Fig 2 The tension in the rope is 220 N. The frictional force between the block and the horizontal surface is 120 N. (i) Find the acceleration of the block. (03 marks) (ii) Calculate the distance moved by the block in 4.0 s. (02 marks) (iii) What is the reaction of the surface on the block? (02marks) (iv) Compare the work done by the tension in the rope during the 4.0 s interval with kinetic energy gained. (06 marks)
4.
(a)
(i) (ii)
(b)
Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities (02 marks) Group the following into scalars or vectors; temperature, momentum; time and displacement. (02 marks) The graph in Fig. 3 below represents variation of velocity with time of two athletes A and B.
Velocity (m/s)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 10 20 30 Fig. 3 40 A 50 B
Time (s)
(b)
(i) describe the motion of A and B. (04 marks) (ii) What distance was by covered by B in 50s (03 marks) A stone of mass 100g is thrown vertically upwards with a force of 5N. What is its initial acceleration? ( =10ms-2) (03 marks) Describe what happens when air is blown into a balloon and the balloon released. (02 marks) (i) What is meant by the term diffusion (01 mark) (ii) Explain what is observed when smoke enclosed in an illuminated transparent cell is viewed through a microscope (02 marks) (iii) State what is observed in (a) (ii) when the cell is placed on ice blocks. Give a reason or your answer (02 marks) (i) Describe an experiment to determine the thickness of an oil molecule. (05 marks) (ii) State any assumptions made in (b) (i) above (02 marks) (iii) In an experiment to estimate the size of a molecule of olive oil, a drop of the oil, of volume 0.12mm3 was placed on a clean water
suface. The oil spread into patch of area 60 104mm. Calculate the size of a molecule of the olive oil. (03 marks)
7.
(a) (b)
(c)
(d)
(c)
Red A
Blue
D C B
Green
Fig 4 Explain briefly what happens when white light falls on green dress. (02 marks) What is meant by a light ray? (01 mark) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the structure and working of a simple lens camera (05 marks) State two differences and two similarities between the human eye and lens camera (04 marks) (i) State the laws of refraction of light. (02 marks) (ii) Fig. 5 below shows a ray of light incident on a right angled prism of refractive index 1.5.
P A ray of light
Glass
R Fig. 5
Explain why the ray of light follows the path shown. (04 marks) 10. (a) Define the following terms as applied to curved mirrors (i) centre of curvature (01 mark) (ii) principal axis (01 mark) Explain with the aid of ray diagrams, why a parabolic mirror is preffered to a concave mirror as a car head lamp (04 marks) An object of height 15cm is placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20cm. by scale drawing, find the (i) image distance from the mirror (02 marks) (ii) height of the image (02 marks) (iii) linear magnification (01 mark)
(b) (c)
(c)
(i) (ii)
With the aid of ray diagrams explain how regular and diffuse reflections are produced (03 marks) State the characteristics of images formed in plane mirrors (02 marks)
(c) (d)
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(a)
(c)
14.
(a)
(i) (ii)
(b) (c)
State Ohms law and its limitations. (02 marks) Sketch the characteristics of an Ohmic and non-Ohmic conductors (02 marks) (iii) Describe with the help of a suitable diagram how you can verify Ohms law. (05 marks) A galvanometer has a resistance of 5 and a range of 0 40 . Find the resistance of the resistor which must be placed in parallel with the galvanometer if a maximum current of 10 is to be measured. (03 marks) Four resistors are connected in the circuit as shown in the figure below.
2
2
3
C D
5
2V
Fig. 6 Assuming the internal resistance of the cell and ammeters are negligible, find: (i) the total resistance of the circuit (ii) the current through ammeter D (iii) current through ammeter C (iv) power dissipated in the 3 resistor. 15. (a) (i) (ii) What is meant by electromotive force? A dry cell supplies a current of 1.2A through two 2 resistors connected in parallel. When the resistors are connected in series, the current flowing in the circuit is o.4A. Find the electromotive force of the cell. A heater is rated 750W, 240 V. (i) What does the statement 750W, 240V mean? (ii) Calculate its resistance (iii) Find the cost of running three such heaters for four hours a day for a week given that the cost of electric energy is 45/= per unit. A coil of resistance wire is immersed in a liquid in a calorimeter of total heat capacity 950 JK-1. If the temperature rises from 9oC to 39oC in 5 minutes when a steady current of 4 A is passed, find: (i) the resistance of the coil (ii) the p.d across it.
(b)
(c)
16.
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(b)
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Define the following terms as applied to earths magnetism (i) Magnetic north (ii) magnetic meridian (iii) Geographical meridian (iv) magnetic field (iv) Magnetic saturation (vi) Angle of dip (vii) magnetic variation/declination Sketch the resultant magnetic field patterns for the following: (i) Two bar magnets placed with S-poles facing each other (ii) Two bar magnets placed close to each other and are parallel (iii) A bar magnet placed in the earths magnetic field (iv) A wire carrying current (inside and out) (v) Two wires carrying current in opposite directions (vi) Two wires carrying current in the same direction (vii) Current through a circular coil (viii) a solenoid (ix) a wire carrying current in the earths field (x) Two bar magnets paced with opposite poles close together and are parallel Give the ways in which the strength of a magnet can be increased. With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe the principle of action of a moving coil loudspeaker/receiver. (i) (ii) (iii) What is meant by the term electromagnetic induction? State the laws of electromagnetic induction Outline the ways of increasing the magnitude of induced e.m.f in a coil. Also define the terms self induction and mutual induction. (i) Describe the structure and mode of action of an a.c transformer. (ii) Differentiate between the types of transformers. Describe the causes of energy losses in a transformer. How can these losses be minimized. A transformer of efficiency 80% is connected to a 240V a.c supply to operate a heater of resistance 200. If the current in the primary circuit is 5A. (i) calculate the p.d across the heater. (ii) if the transformer is cooled by oil of specific heat capacity 2100 Jkg 1k-1 and temperature of oil raises by 25 K in 3 minutes, find the mass of the oil in the transformer.
17.
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(b)
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Modern Physics
18. (a) (i) (ii) What is meant by cathode rays? (01 mark) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how cathode rays are produced by thermionic emission (05 marks) (iii) State three factors which affect the production of cathode rays in a cathode ray tube by thermionic effect (03 marks) With reference to the cathode ray oscilloscope, explain:
(b)
(c)
(i) the function of the time base (02 marks) (ii) how the brightness is regulated (02 marks) A cathode ray oscilloscope with time base swithed on is connected across a power supply. The wave form obtained is as shown in fig. below. Distance between two lines= 1
Fig. 7 identify the type of voltage generated by the power supply find the amplitude of the voltage generated if the voltage gain is 5Vcm-1. calculate the frequency of the power source if the time base setting on the CRO is 5.010-3scm-1.
19.
(i) What is meant by radio isotopes? (ii) State one medical and one industrial use radio isotopes Describe what happens when a beam of radiation consisting of, , rays is incident on a thin sheet of lead. The diagram below shows the essential parts of an x-ray tube.
A B C F
(d)
Fig. 8 (i) name the parts labeled A, B, C, D E and F (ii) state the functions of each part (iii) describe how x-rays are produced What safety precautions must be taken in an x-ray laboratory? 9
20.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (e)
What is meant by (i) half life (ii) radio activity What happens to the activity of a radioactive material when its (i) mass is increased (ii) temperature is increased A material is wrapped in photo graphic film and kept in a dark room. When the photographic film is removed, it is found to be darkened. (i) identify the material (ii) explain the observation A radioactive substance of mass 60g takes 400years for its mass to be reduced to 15g. Find its half life. State: (i) two industrial and two medical uses of radioactivity (ii) two health hazards of radioactivity
GOOD LUCK
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