Summary This report consists of method, the apparatus to be used and the result for L.A Abrasion Test.

This test is use to determine the hardness of coarse aggregate. The data is recorded by measures the weight of the sample before the test and the retain weight of the after the test. Introduction The L.A. Abrasion test is an empirical test; it is not directly related to field performance of aggregates. Field observations generally do not show a good relationship between L.A. abrasion values and field performance. Wu et al. (1998) found that L.A. abrasion loss was unable to predict field performance. Specifically, the test may not be satisfactory for some types of aggregates. Some aggregates, such as slag and some limestones, tend to have high L.A. abrasion loss but perform adequately in the field. L.A. abrasion loss seems to be reasonable well correlated with dust formation during handling and HMA production in that aggregates with higher L.A. abrasion loss values typically generate more of dust. Aggregates undergo substantial wear and tear throughout their life. In general, they should be hard and tough enough to resist crushing, degradation and disintegration from any associated activities including manufacturing, stockpiling, production, placing and compaction (Roberts et al., 1996). Furthermore, they must be able to adequately transmit loads from the pavement surface to the underlying layers and eventually the subgrade. These properties are especially critical for open or gap graded HMA, which do not benefit from the cushioning effect of the fine aggregate and where coarse particles are subjected to high contact stresses (Wu et al., 1998). Aggregates not adequately resistant to abrasion and polishing may cause premature structural failure and/or a loss of skid resistance. Furthermore, poor resistance to abrasion can produce excessive dust during HMA production resulting in possible environmental problems as well as mixture control problems. Because of the preceding issues, a test to predict aggregate toughness and abrasion resistance is valuable. Los Angeles abrasion test studies all possible reasons causing wear. In the L.A. abrasion machine Attrition, Abrasion, and crushing are all present as follows: Attrition: By the friction between the aggregate particles. Abrasion: By the friction between the steel balls and the aggregates. Crushing: By hitting the walls of the testing machine. Los Angeles abrasion test is suitable for coarse aggregate of different sizes and it is not used for fine aggregate.

Objective To ascertain the degradation property of aggregates by abrasion

Apparatus Los Angeles Abrasion machine Steel ball spheres Sieve 1.70 mm pan Metal trays Scoop Electronic balance Laboratory oven

Procedure 1. Prepared the sample approximately 5000 g of aggregates that include 2500 g of 20 to 14 mm and 2500 g of 14 to 10 mm size. 2. The aggregates is prepared by first washed and followed by dried and weighted 3. The aggregates is then placed inside the L.A abrasion machine 4. 11 steel ball spheres is then added into the machine 5. The drum is the rotated at 500 revolution at speed of 30 to 33 rpm 6. The sample is removed and then sieve using the sieve size 1.70 mm after the drum stopped at prescribed number of revolution 7. Retained sample on the sieve is then washed and dried in the laboratory oven for 24 hours 8. After being dried properly, the retained sample is then weighed to obtain the weight after the test. Result of observation Percent wear (%) = Aggregates Size (mm) 20-14 14-10 Weight of sample before test (g) 2500 2500 Weight of sample after test (g) 3544 Loss (g)

1456

Sample calculation: Loss (g) =5000-3544 =1456 g Percent wear (%) = =29.12 %

Appendix

L.A Abrasion Machine

5000 g sample taken from 20-14 mm and 14-10 mm size aggregate

Sample is taken out from Abrasion machine for weighing

The crushed sample from abrasion test

Sample is put into sieve to know the passing weight

The sieve is shake to ensure the sample is properly pass

The retained sample is weighed and recorded