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As we know human nature is predictably unpredictable, and it is also so in the organisational context
Well, through these lecture sessions on OB, our job is to minimise, if not eliminate, these unpredictable aspects of human behaviour
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The stellar universe is not so difficult of comprehension as the real actions of other people. Marcel Proust (French novelist, critic and essayist)
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Insight: Deadly India car factory riot sounds alarm bells for industry
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Why is knowing people and their behaviour in its organisational-situatedness important in the context of business?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1uob7Rh0EE&featu re=related
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OBJECTIVES LEARNING
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O B J E C T I V E S (contd) LEARNING
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Allocate resources
Direct activities of others to attain goals
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Management Functions
Planning
Organizing
Management Functions
Controlling Leading
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Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.
E X H I B I T 11 114
Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.
E X H I B I T 11 (contd) 115
Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.
E X H I B I T 11 (contd) 116
Management Skills
Technical skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.
Human skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups.
Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.
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2. Communication
Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork
4. Networking
Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others
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Source: Based on F. Luthans, R.M. Hodgetts, and S.A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988).
E X H I B I T 12 119
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Hmm!
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Young?
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Old?
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Similarly, what we see in the case of people is only a (small) part of what they are.
The purpose of OB is to
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Systematic study
Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors.
2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 126
Intuition
Systematic Study
Preconceived Notions
The Facts
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Contributing Disciplines
Many branches of social sciences have contributed to the development of Organizational Behavior
Psychology
Social Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
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E X H I B I T 13 (contd) 131
E X H I B I T 13 (contd) 132
E X H I B I T 13 (contd) 133
E X H I B I T 13 (contd) 134
E X H I B I T 13 (contd) 135
Toward an OB Discipline
E X H I B I T 13 136
Few Absolutes in OB
Situational factors that make the main relationship between two variables changee.g., the relationship may hold for one condition but not another.
Contingency Variable (Z) In American Culture In Iranian or Australian Cultures
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Understood as Complimenting
Contingency Variables
y
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5. Empowerment of employees.
E X H I B I T 16 142
Process reengineering
Asks managers to reconsider how work would be done and their organization structured if they were starting over. Instead of making incremental changes in processes, reengineering involves evaluating every process in terms of its contribution.
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Empowering People
Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with Temporariness
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E X H I B I T 17 145
x
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Effectiveness Achievement of goals. Efficiency The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.
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Absenteeism
The failure to report to work.
Turnover
The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.
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Individual-Level Variables
Group-Level Variables
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E X H I B I T 18 152