Geoinformatics Technology and Applications

Suddhasheel Ghosh Researcher Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh

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About me

PhD Student, IIT Kanpur Previously

Research Fellow, Department of Space, Government of India @ IIRS - Dehradun Consultant IT, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Bhopal, MP DESS Tldtection Mthodes, Applications et Amnagement, UPMC - France Masters in Mathematics, RDVV, JBP

Edu Qual

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Fundamental aim of Geoinformatics

Make maps

Basic school atlases Study urban sprawl

Archaeological data Enable navigation

Study patterns of cultural and economic exchanges Car based navigation systems, military navigation Buying your house, best picnic spot etc.

Enable the humans to make decisions

Enable urban management and development

Data understanding and analysis

Data visualization systems and algorithms

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Design of roads, bridges, communication and power networks Waste disposal Disaster Management

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The branches of Geoinformatics

Cartography Cartography

Surveying Surveying

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Remote Remote Sensing Sensing Geoinformatics Geoinformatics Photogram Photogram metry metry

Global Global Positioning Positioning Systems Systems

Geographic Geographic Information Information System System

Geodesy

Study of:

geometrical, structural and gravitational properties of the earth, their evolution with time,

interactions of solid earth with other components of the earth system

First geodetic problem

Given a point (known coordinates), the azimuth and the distance, find the coordinates of the second point

Second or inverse geodetic problem

Given two points with coordinates find the length of the line between them

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http://www.agu.org

Surveying

Oldest branch of Geoinformatics Pioneered by Egyptians Equipment

Old

Chains and tapes Sextants Tacheometer Theodolite Auto levels Total stations

New

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Cartography

The science and art of making maps Age old problem

3D world 2D medium Need for projections

Conical, Cylindrical and azimuthal

Semiology and graphics

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Imago mundi Anaximander's map

Remote Sensing

Art and science of obtaining information from objects without being in contact with it Most popular remote sensing device: Eyes Satellite remote sensing

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Aerial remote sensing Laser remote sensing

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Agricultural fields with crops Agricultural fields without crops

Are you kidding me? Vegetation appears red in colour?

Photogrammetry

Origin Photogrammetrie

Extraction of 3D terrain models from aerial photos Research promoted during WW2

Modern: Close range photogrammetry

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Digital preservation of heritages 3D modelling

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http://mobilecadsurveying.co.uk

Global positioning systems

Initially developed by US DoD for military purposes GPS opened to public by Ronald Reagan

A network of 24 different satellite on 6 orbital planes

Bill Clinton announces Selective Availability switched off in 2000 Better precision with a differential GPS

Errors caused by Atmosphere, surrounding buildings, water bodies

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Geographic Information Systems

System a group of hardware, software, data, people and methods Multiple layers help make multicriteria decisions

Find me an east-facing house, within 200 meters of the main road, with malls, cinema halls and post-office nearby close to Noida-Delhi border Find me the shortest path for going to the Railway Station from IIT Kanpur Find me the best place for dumping waste in a moderately hilly terrain

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http://www.westfield.ma.e du

Research Areas in Geodesy

Allied discipline Geophysics

Gravity field study

Earth deformation Study of the geoid Marine geodesy

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http://gge.unb.ca/Research/Research.html

Research Areas in Cartography

Web mapping

Google Earth Web 2.0 WMS

Mobile internet

Location based services GPS aided

Multimedia cartography

http://www.icaci.org/commission/

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A list of Cartography related research areas:

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http://www.channel4.com

Research Areas in Remote Sensing

Allied discipline Signal processing, Electronics Classification

Development of HR CCDs for precision remote sensing

Search for better classification algorithms for HR imagery Morphological algorithms for detection of features Given a forested area

Inventory

count the number of trees Detect the different types of species

Road detection and mapping

Thermal mapping

Heat radiations from buildings

Archeology

Detection of archeological features Detection of faults, lineaments

Geomorphology

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http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/

Research Areas in Photogrammetry

Close Range Photogrammetry

Digital preservation of archaeological heritages Modelling of historical sites

Forensic photogrammetry

Pictometry (Patent filed)

http://www.cast.uark.edu/home/research/geomatics/photogrammetry.html

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http://dprg.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/

Research Areas in GPS

Monitoring of

Tectonic movements Dam movements Natural hazards

GPS for navigation

Road and car navigation in urban canyons SIMRAN

Guided aeroplanes

Weather monitoring

Better atmospheric models

GPS Correction

GDOP Prediction analysis

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PANGA: (Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array) http://www.geodesy.cwu.edu/

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http://www.ausairpower.net

Research areas in GIS

Spatial Decision Support Systems Multicriteria analysis

Design of spatial databases

Biodiversity Archaeology

Data mining of spatial and spatio-temporal datasets Network analysis Error modelling Web-GIS

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Shortest path

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http://mapserver.org/

Data visualization applications and research

High resolution datasets spatial, spectral and radiometric Volume of data Out-of-core computations

Spatial cognition / pattern recognition Design of spatial processing algos for KDD Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Improvised algorithms: classification, segmentation, feature extraction, mineralogy, inventory

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http://www.kdd.org

https://www.e-education.psu.edu

My research at IITK

LiDAR Light detection and ranging

High precision remote sensing technique Voluminous dataset How to visualize quickly

Dataset taken 100m x 100m

Processing time using CAD and Aerial Photo of the area professional s/w: 3 hours Processing using my algo: 10 minutes

Statistical verification through experiments:

My algorithm works at par with CAD based visualization in terms of depth and feature perception.

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LiDAR data coloured by ht

3D stereo model reconstructed using my algo

Thank you!

Suddhasheel Ghosh http://www.suddhasheel.com shudh@iitk.ac.in

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